The Dhammapada and The Sutta-Nipâta — SBE Vol. 10 (trans. F. Max Müller and V. Fausbøll, Clarendon Press, 1881)
The translator’s English as printed (F. Max Müller & V. Fausbøll). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
Kasava, kashaya, yellow dress, 9.
Kathasaritsagara, 125.
Kavyadarsa, 411.
Kilitnda, klishta, 15.
Kisagotami, 45.
Kodhavagga, 221.
Kusa, grass, 311.
Kusa grass, for eating with, 70.
Kittavagga, 33.
Lalita-vistara, 39, 44, 46, 153, 251,
254, 275, 282, 320, 326, 388,
Lankavatara-sitra, 294.
Lily (lotus), its purity, 58, 59.
Lokavagga, 167.
Lotus leaf, water on it, 401.
Made and not made, 383.
Maggavagga, 273.
Maghavan, Indra, 30.
Mahabharata, 9, 44, 87, 92, 96, 129,
131, 133) 142, 150, 185, 187, 198,
200, 202, 223, 227, 248, 275, 287,
306, 364, 395.
Mahfparinibbana-sutta, 39, 153.
Mahavamsa, 21.
Mahavastu, quotes Dharmapada, and
Sahasravarga, 100.
Mahivira, 141.
Malavagga, 235.
Mallika, 54.
Mandhatri, 185.
Manu, laws, 71, 96, 109, 131, 150,
251, 320, 345, 346.
Mara, the tempter, 7, 8, 34, 37, 4°,
46, 57) 105, 175, 274, 276, 337,
350.
Milk, turning suddenly, 71.
Miracles, Buddha’s view of, 254.
Mithila, 200.
Muni, etymology of, 268, 269.
Mustard seed, on a needle, 401, 407.
Nagavagga, 320.
Nakedness, 141.
Namarfipa, mind and body, 221, 367.
Nibbuta, nirvrita, freed, 89.
Niraya, hell, 306.
Nirayavagga, 306.
Nirukti, 363.
Nirvana, 23, 32, 75, 126, 134, 184,
203, 204, 218, 325, 226, 285,
289, 323, 368, 372, 374.
Nishkashaya, free from impurity, play on word, 9.
Old-in-vain, 260.
Overcome evil by good, 223.
Pakinnakavagga, 290.
Pakkhandin, praskandin, 244.
Panditavagga, 76.
Papavagga, 116.
Paragamin, 85.
Pare, of mddAot, 6.
Parsvanatha, 141.
Path, the evil and the good, 17, 18,
316-319.
Patricide, 294.
Piyavagga, 209.
Platted hair, 141.
Prapavtha, 254.
Prasenagit, defeated by Agitasatru,
201.
INDEX.
p. 99
Pratibhana, 363.
Pratimoksha, 183, 185.
Pravrag, 83.
Pravragita, etymology of, 388.
Proverbs, 96.
Puns, 283, 294, 295, 305.
Pupphavagga, 44.
Raga, dust, passion, 313.
Ramayana, 129.
Sacrifice, worthless, 106.
Sahassavagga, quoted in Mahfvastu,
100.
Sahita=Tipitaka, 19.
St. Luke, 130.
St. Matthew, 252,
St. Mark, 157.
Samana, etymology of, 265,
SamanZa, priesthood, 20.
Sambodhyahga, 89.
Samsara, 60.
Samsk4ra, conception, 202.
— the five skandhas, 202.
Samyutta-nikaya, 69.
Sanatsugatiya, 21.
Sankhfra, creature, 255.
Sankhata, 70.
Savigfa, perception, 202.
Sara, truth, reality, 11.
Sati, smriti, intense thought, gr.
Sayan4sanam, sayandsanam, 185.
Self, lord of self, 160, 165. 2:0
Seven elements of knowledge, 89.
Shore, the other, 85, 384.
— the two shores, 385.
Sindhu horses, 322.
Skandha, body, 202.
Snowy mountains, 304,
Spider, 347.
Spoon, perceives no taste, 64.
Sugata, Buddha, 285,419 (welfaring).
Sukhavagga, 197.
Suttanipata, 20, 61, 87,125, 141, 142,
170, 185, 205, 239, 306, 328,
339) 345, 353, 354, 375, 396-
423.
Sakala-pratisakhya, 352.
Siinya, 92.
Svetambaras (Gainas, followers of
Parsvanatha), 141.
Tabernacle, maker of, 153.
Tagara, plant, 54.
Taittirlya-dranyaka, 96.
Tamhavagga, 334.
Tathagata, 254.
Tathagatas, are preachers, 276,
Ten evil states, 137.
Sakala-pratisakhya, 352.
Siinya, 92.
Svetambaras (Gainas, followers of
Parsvanatha), 141.
Tabernacle, maker of, 153.
Tagara, plant, 54.
Taittirlya-dranyaka, 96.
Tamhavagga, 334.
Tathagata, 254.
Tathagatas, are preachers, 276,
Ten evil states, 137.
Thirty-six passions, 339.
Thought, word, and deed, 96.
Thoughts, their influence, 1.
Tirthahkara, 104.
Tonsure, 264.
Trisarana, 190.
Trividhadvara, thought, word, and deed, 96.
Twin-verses, 1,
Ukkurika, see Utkatuk4sana, 141.
Uncreated (akata), 97.
Upadana, 20.
Upadhi, 418.
Upadhiviveka, 203.
Upamé, aupamya, 129.
Upasarga, misfortune, 139. rdhvamsrotas, 218.
Utkaruk4sana, sitting on the hams,
141.
Vâaha, horse, or vaha, wave, 339.
Vana, forest and lust, 283.
Vasishtha-Bharadvaga-sitra, 396.
Vassika flower, 377.
Vassiki, flower, 55.
Vedanéa, sensation, 202.
Videha, king of, 200.
Vignana, knowledge, 202.
Vimoksha, freedom, 92, 93.
Vinaya-pitaka, 28, 307.
Vishnu-sfitra, 9.
Visvabhéi Tathagata, 49.
Viveka, separation, retirement,75,87.
Works, good, 220.
World, the next, 176.
— of the gods, 177.
Yama, 44, 45, 235.
Yama’s messengers, 235.
Yamakavagga, 1.
Ye dhammi, &c., 183.
Yellow dress, 9, 10, 307.
Yonisaé, truly, thoroughly, 326.
THE
SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST
SUTTA-NIPATA
[10] A
London
HENRY FROWDE
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE
p. 7
THE
SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST
TRANSLATED
BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS
AND EDITED BY
F. MAX MULLER
VOLUME X
PART Ili
@rtord
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
p. 1881
[All rights reserved]
THE SUTTA-NIPATA
A COLLECTION OF DISCOURSES
BEING ONE OF THE CANONICAL BOOKS OF THE
BUDDHISTS
TRANSLATED FROM PALI
BY
V. FAUSBOLL
) AG! EN . Ty ERSITY a te
@rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
p. 1881
[All rights reserved }
CONTENTS.
IntRopucTION TO SutTTa-NipAtTa
I. URAGAVAGGA .
II.
ot ~ O
12.
Co Or ana w bd
Uragasutta
. Dhaniyasutta . . Khaggavis4masutta . . Kasibharadvagasutta
Kundasutta_
Pardbhavasutta
. Vasalasutta
- Mettasutta
. Hemavatasutta . Alavakasutta . . Vigayasutta
Munisutta
KULAVAGGA
I.
wo onan & WW N
| on | ~~ WwW nd = O
Ratanasutta
. Amagandhasutta. . . . . Hirisutta .
. Mahamangalasutta .
. Sifilomasutta . .
. Dhammaéariyasutta or Kapilasutta . . Brahmanadhammikasutta
. Navasutta
. Kimsflasutta
. Uséhanasutta .
. Réhulasutta
. Vangtsasutta .
. Samméparibbaganiyasutta
. Dhammikasutta
FAGE xi
II
15
17
20
24
25
29
32
33
37
37
40
42
43
45
46
47
52
54
55
55
57
60
p. 62
Vili
CONTENTS.
III]. MAHAVAGGA oe
I.
o onan ®t WwW bd i -“ Oo
12.
Pabbaggdsutta
. Padhdnasutta .
. Subhsitasutta .
. Sundarikabharadvagasutta
. Maghasutta .
. Sabhiyasutta
. Selasutta
. Sallasutta . . . . . Vasesthasutta
. Kokéliyasutta
. Nalakasutta .
Dvayatanupassandsutta .
IV. ATTHAKAVAGGA
-_
=— = mt bre OU DONT AH SW DN ry w
14.
15.
16.
K4masutta
Guha/‘hakasutta
. Dusthaithakasutta . . Suddhasfhakasutta . . Parama/shakasutta .
. Sabhiyasutta
. Selasutta
. Sallasutta . . . . . Vasesthasutta
. Kokéliyasutta
. Nalakasutta .
Dvayatanupassandsutta .
IV. ATTHAKAVAGGA
-_
=— = mt bre OU DONT AH SW DN ry w
14.
15.
16.
K4masutta
Guha/‘hakasutta
. Dusthaithakasutta . . Suddhasfhakasutta . . Parama/shakasutta .
GarAsutta
. Tissametteyyasutta
Pasfrasutta . . . .
. Magandiyasutta
. Purabhedasutta
. Kalahavivadasutta. ° . . . Kilaviyfhasutta
. Mahaviyfhasutta
Tuvasakasutta . . .
Attadamdasutta . . .
Sariputtasutta
v. PARAYANAVAGGA
2.
Vatthugatha .
Agitamaavapukkha
PAGE
67
67
69
72
74
80
85
96
p. 106
p. 108
p. 118
p. 124
p. 131
146
146
147
150
152
154
157
159
162
164
167
171
174
177
180
p. 184
p. 190
CONTENTS. 1X
PAGE
- 3. Tissametteyyamanavapukkha . . . . . Igt
- 4. Punnakamanavapukkha . . . , . . 192
- 5. Mettagimazavapukkha . . . . . - 193
- 6. Dhotakamamavapuskha . . . . . . 196
- 4. Upasivamanavapukkha . . . . . - 197
- 8. Nandamamavapukkha . . . . » 199
- 9. Hemakamazavapuhkha . . . . . . 201
- 10. Todeyyamanavapukkha . . . . . . 202
- 11. Kappamanavapukkhi . . . . » 203
- 12. Gatukannimanavapukkha . . . . . 204
- 13. Bhadravudhamazavapukkha . . . . . 208
- 14. Udayamamavapukhha . . . . . . 206
- 15. Posdlamamavapuskhi . . . : . 207
- 16. Mogharégamanavapukkhai . . . . 208
- 17. Pingiyamamavapukkha . . . . . » 209 Index . . . . . . . . . . 215
Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . . 220
EXPLANATION OF WORDS
the meaning of which is not always given in the translation.
Agivika, one belonging to a sect of naked ascetics.
Arahat, a holy man, a saint.
Ariya, noble.
Bhagavat, worshipful, blessed, a name of a Buddha.
Bhikkhu, a mendicant.
Brahman, the supreme god of the
Hindus.
Brahmaaa, a sage.
Buddha, enlightened, a name of certain holy men who have freed themselves from existence, particularly of Samaza Gotama.
Dhamma, tenet, doctrine, custom, law, religion, virtue, thing.
Gahattha, Gihin, a householder.
Gotama, a name of the last Buddha.
Gatila, an ascetic wearing clotted hair.
Gina, a conqueror, a name of a
Buddha.
Isi, a sage.
Khattiya, a warrior, a prince.
Kandla, an outcast.
M4ra,a name of the king of death, the devil.
Muni, a thinker, a sage.
N 4ga, an eminent man ; sinless?
NamuA4i= Mara.
Nibb4na, extinction, the state of bliss of the Buddhist.
Nigazztha, a naked ascetic.
Pabbagg4, leaving the world, embracing ascetic life, taking the robe.
Pabbagita, an ascetic, having taken the robe.
Paribbaga, Paribbagaka, a wandering mendicant.
Sakka =Sakya, belonging to the
Sakya tribe.
Sakyamuni, the Sakya sage, a name of Buddha.
Samaaa, an ascetic.
Samkh4ArA, all compound things, the material world.
SamsAra, revolution, transmigration.
SAvaka, a hearer, a follower, a disciple of Buddha, including both laity and clergy.
Sekha, a novice, student.
Sudda, a man of the servile caste.
Sugata, happy, a name of a Buddha.
Kasava, kashaya, yellow dress, 9.
Kathasaritsagara, 125.
Kavyadarsa, 411.
Kilitnda, klishta, 15.
Kisagotami, 45.
Kodhavagga, 221.
Kusa, grass, 311.
Kusa grass, for eating with, 70.
Kittavagga, 33.
Lalita-vistara, 39, 44, 46, 153, 251,
254, 275, 282, 320, 326, 388,
Lankavatara-sitra, 294.
Lily (lotus), its purity, 58, 59.
Lokavagga, 167.
Lotus leaf, water on it, 401.
Made and not made, 383.
Maggavagga, 273.
Maghavan, Indra, 30.
Mahabharata, 9, 44, 87, 92, 96, 129,
131, 133) 142, 150, 185, 187, 198,
200, 202, 223, 227, 248, 275, 287,
306, 364, 395.
Mahfparinibbana-sutta, 39, 153.
Mahavamsa, 21.
Mahavastu, quotes Dharmapada, and
Sahasravarga, 100.
Mahivira, 141.
Malavagga, 235.
Mallika, 54.
Mandhatri, 185.
Manu, laws, 71, 96, 109, 131, 150,
251, 320, 345, 346.
Mara, the tempter, 7, 8, 34, 37, 4°,
46, 57) 105, 175, 274, 276, 337,
350.
Milk, turning suddenly, 71.
Miracles, Buddha’s view of, 254.
Mithila, 200.
Muni, etymology of, 268, 269.
Mustard seed, on a needle, 401, 407.
Nagavagga, 320.
Nakedness, 141.
Namarfipa, mind and body, 221, 367.
Nibbuta, nirvrita, freed, 89.
Niraya, hell, 306.
Nirayavagga, 306.
Nirukti, 363.
Nirvana, 23, 32, 75, 126, 134, 184,
203, 204, 218, 325, 226, 285,
289, 323, 368, 372, 374.
Nishkashaya, free from impurity, play on word, 9.
Old-in-vain, 260.
Overcome evil by good, 223.
Pakinnakavagga, 290.
Pakkhandin, praskandin, 244.
Panditavagga, 76.
Papavagga, 116.
Paragamin, 85.
Pare, of mddAot, 6.
Parsvanatha, 141.
Path, the evil and the good, 17, 18,
316-319.
Patricide, 294.
Piyavagga, 209.
Platted hair, 141.
Prapavtha, 254.
Prasenagit, defeated by Agitasatru,
201.
INDEX.
p. 99
Pratibhana, 363.
Pratimoksha, 183, 185.
Pravrag, 83.
Pravragita, etymology of, 388.
Proverbs, 96.
Puns, 283, 294, 295, 305.
Pupphavagga, 44.
Raga, dust, passion, 313.
Ramayana, 129.
Sacrifice, worthless, 106.
Sahassavagga, quoted in Mahfvastu,
100.
Sahita=Tipitaka, 19.
St. Luke, 130.
St. Matthew, 252,
St. Mark, 157.
Samana, etymology of, 265,
SamanZa, priesthood, 20.
Sambodhyahga, 89.
Samsara, 60.
Samsk4ra, conception, 202.
— the five skandhas, 202.
Samyutta-nikaya, 69.
Sanatsugatiya, 21.
Sankhfra, creature, 255.
Sankhata, 70.
Savigfa, perception, 202.
Sara, truth, reality, 11.
Sati, smriti, intense thought, gr.
Sayan4sanam, sayandsanam, 185.
Self, lord of self, 160, 165. 2:0
Seven elements of knowledge, 89.
Shore, the other, 85, 384.
— the two shores, 385.
Sindhu horses, 322.
Skandha, body, 202.
Snowy mountains, 304,
Spider, 347.
Spoon, perceives no taste, 64.
Sugata, Buddha, 285,419 (welfaring).
Sukhavagga, 197.
Suttanipata, 20, 61, 87,125, 141, 142,
170, 185, 205, 239, 306, 328,
339) 345, 353, 354, 375, 396-
423.
Sakala-pratisakhya, 352.
Siinya, 92.
Svetambaras (Gainas, followers of
Parsvanatha), 141.
Tabernacle, maker of, 153.
Tagara, plant, 54.
Taittirlya-dranyaka, 96.
Tamhavagga, 334.
Tathagata, 254.
Tathagatas, are preachers, 276,
Ten evil states, 137.
Sakala-pratisakhya, 352.
Siinya, 92.
Svetambaras (Gainas, followers of
Parsvanatha), 141.
Tabernacle, maker of, 153.
Tagara, plant, 54.
Taittirlya-dranyaka, 96.
Tamhavagga, 334.
Tathagata, 254.
Tathagatas, are preachers, 276,
Ten evil states, 137.
Thirty-six passions, 339.
Thought, word, and deed, 96.
Thoughts, their influence, 1.
Tirthahkara, 104.
Tonsure, 264.
Trisarana, 190.
Trividhadvara, thought, word, and deed, 96.
Twin-verses, 1,
Ukkurika, see Utkatuk4sana, 141.
Uncreated (akata), 97.
Upadana, 20.
Upadhi, 418.
Upadhiviveka, 203.
Upamé, aupamya, 129.
Upasarga, misfortune, 139. rdhvamsrotas, 218.
Utkaruk4sana, sitting on the hams,
141.
V&aha, horse, or vaha, wave, 339.
Vana, forest and lust, 283.
Vasishtha-Bharadvaga-sitra, 396.
Vassika flower, 377.
Vassiki, flower, 55.
Vedanéa, sensation, 202.
Videha, king of, 200.
Vig#ana, knowledge, 202.
Vimoksha, freedom, 92, 93.
Vinaya-pitaka, 28, 307.
Vishnu-sfitra, 9.
Visvabhéi Tathagata, 49.
Viveka, separation, retirement,75,87.
Works, good, 220.
World, the next, 176.
— of the gods, 177.
Yama, 44, 45, 235.
Yama’s messengers, 235.
Yamakavagga, 1.
You dhammi, &c., 183.
Yellow dress, 9, 10, 307.
Yonisaé, truly, thoroughly, 326.
Digitized by Google
THE
SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST
SUTTA-NIPATA
[10] A
London
HENRY FROWDE
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE
p. 7
THE
SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST
TRANSLATED
BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS
AND EDITED BY
F. MAX MULLER
VOLUME X
PART Ili
@rtord
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
p. 1881
[All rights reserved]
Digitized by Google
THE SUTTA-NIPATA
A COLLECTION OF DISCOURSES
BEING ONE OF THE CANONICAL BOOKS OF THE
BUDDHISTS
TRANSLATED FROM PALI
BY
V. FAUSBOLL
) AG! EN . Ty ERSITY a te
@rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
p. 1881
[All rights reserved }
Digitized by Goog le
CONTENTS.
IntRopucTION TO SutTTa-NipAtTa
I. URAGAVAGGA .
II.
ot ~ O
12.
Co Or ana w bd
Uragasutta
. Dhaniyasutta . . Khaggavis4masutta . . Kasibharadvagasutta
Kundasutta_
Pardbhavasutta
. Vasalasutta
- Mettasutta
. Hemavatasutta . Alavakasutta . . Vigayasutta
Munisutta
KULAVAGGA
I.
wo onan & WW N
| on | ~~ WwW nd = O
Ratanasutta
. Amagandhasutta. . . . . Hirisutta .
. Mahamangalasutta .
. Sifilomasutta . .
. Dhammaéariyasutta or Kapilasutta . . Brahmanadhammikasutta
. Navasutta
. Kimsflasutta
. Uséhanasutta .
. Réhulasutta
. Vangtsasutta .
. Samméparibbaganiyasutta
. Dhammikasutta
FAGE xi
II
15
17
20
24
25
29
32
33
37
37
40
42
43
45
46
47
52
54
55
55
57
60
p. 62
Vili
CONTENTS.
III]. MAHAVAGGA oe
I.
o onan ®t WwW bd i -“ Oo
12.
Pabbaggdsutta
. Padhdnasutta .
. Subhsitasutta .
. Sundarikabharadvagasutta
. Maghasutta .
. Sabhiyasutta
. Selasutta
. Sallasutta . . . . . Vasesthasutta
. Kokéliyasutta
. Nalakasutta .
Dvayatanupassandsutta .
IV. ATTHAKAVAGGA
-_
=— = mt bre OU DONT AH SW DN ry w
14.
15.
16.
K4masutta
Guha/‘hakasutta
. Dusthaithakasutta . . Suddhasfhakasutta . . Parama/shakasutta .
. Sabhiyasutta
. Selasutta
. Sallasutta . . . . . Vasesthasutta
. Kokéliyasutta
. Nalakasutta .
Dvayatanupassandsutta .
IV. ATTHAKAVAGGA
-_
=— = mt bre OU DONT AH SW DN ry w
14.
15.
16.
K4masutta
Guha/‘hakasutta
. Dusthaithakasutta . . Suddhasfhakasutta . . Parama/shakasutta .
GarAsutta
. Tissametteyyasutta
Pasfrasutta . . . .
. Magandiyasutta
. Purabhedasutta
. Kalahavivadasutta. ° . . . Kilaviyfhasutta
. Mahaviyfhasutta
Tuvasakasutta . . .
Attadamdasutta . . .
Sariputtasutta
v. PARAYANAVAGGA
2.
Vatthugatha .
Agitamaavapukkha
PAGE
67
67
69
72
74
80
85
96
p. 106
p. 108
p. 118
p. 124
p. 131
146
146
147
150
152
154
157
159
162
164
167
171
174
177
180
p. 184
p. 190
CONTENTS. 1X
PAGE
- 3. Tissametteyyamanavapukkha . . . . . Igt
- 4. Punnakamanavapukkha . . . , . . 192
- 5. Mettagimazavapukkha . . . . . - 193
- 6. Dhotakamamavapuskha . . . . . . 196
- 4. Upasivamanavapukkha . . . . . - 197
- 8. Nandamamavapukkha . . . . » 199
- 9. Hemakamazavapuhkha . . . . . . 201
- 10. Todeyyamanavapukkha . . . . . . 202
- 11. Kappamanavapukkhi . . . . » 203
- 12. Gatukannimanavapukkha . . . . . 204
- 13. Bhadravudhamazavapukkha . . . . . 208
- 14. Udayamamavapukhha . . . . . . 206
- 15. Posdlamamavapuskhi . . . : . 207
- 16. Mogharégamanavapukkhai . . . . 208
- 17. Pingiyamamavapukkha . . . . . » 209 Index . . . . . . . . . . 215
Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East . . 220
EXPLANATION OF WORDS
the meaning of which is not always given in the translation.
Agivika, one belonging to a sect of naked ascetics.
Arahat, a holy man, a saint.
Ariya, noble.
Bhagavat, worshipful, blessed, a name of a Buddha.
Bhikkhu, a mendicant.
Brahman, the supreme god of the
Hindus.
Brahmaaa, a sage.
Buddha, enlightened, a name of certain holy men who have freed themselves from existence, particularly of Samaza Gotama.
Dhamma, tenet, doctrine, custom, law, religion, virtue, thing.
Gahattha, Gihin, a householder.
Gotama, a name of the last Buddha.
Gatila, an ascetic wearing clotted hair.
Gina, a conqueror, a name of a
Buddha.
Isi, a sage.
Khattiya, a warrior, a prince.
Kandla, an outcast.
M4ra,a name of the king of death, the devil.
Muni, a thinker, a sage.
N 4ga, an eminent man ; sinless?
NamuA4i= Mara.
Nibb4na, extinction, the state of bliss of the Buddhist.
Nigazztha, a naked ascetic.
Pabbagg4, leaving the world, embracing ascetic life, taking the robe.
Pabbagita, an ascetic, having taken the robe.
Paribbaga, Paribbagaka, a wandering mendicant.
Sakka =Sakya, belonging to the
Sakya tribe.
Sakyamuni, the Sakya sage, a name of Buddha.
Samaaa, an ascetic.
Samkh4ArA, all compound things, the material world.
SamsAra, revolution, transmigration.
SAvaka, a hearer, a follower, a disciple of Buddha, including both laity and clergy.
Sekha, a novice, student.
Sudda, a man of the servile caste.
Sugata, happy, a name of a Buddha.
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