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Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ tnd & 3F0.2 — sl
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ tnd & 3F0.2 — sl HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [6] a London HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW ‘ THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST, \\ : TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1880 (All rights reserved} PS0F a ‘Dnp kl ZBIOw. a a HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE QUR’AN TRANSLATED BY E. H. PALMER PART I CHAPTERS I TO XVI @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1880 [All rights reserved } Digitized by Google : Tn 2 5 le Pog fae a F090, 75 O 4S, CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION . : . . . . . . . ix Abstract of the Contents of the Qur’én . . . . Ixxxi I. The Opening Chapter (Mecca) . oo. . I II. The Chapter of the Heifer (Medinah) . . . 2 III. The Chapter of Imran’s Family (Medinah) . . 46 IV. The Chapter of Women (Medinah)... . _ 41 Vv. The Chapter of the Table (Medinah) . . - 96 VI. The Chapter of Cattle (Mecca) . . . . 115 VII. The Chapter of Al Aaraf (Mecca) . . . «138 VIII. The Chapter of the Spoils (Medinah) . . . 163 IX. The Chapter of Repentance or Immunity (Medinah) 172 X. The Chapter of Jonah (Mecca) . . . . 192 XI. The Chapter of Haid (Mecca) . . . - 205 XI. The Chapter of Joseph (Mecca) . . . . 219 XIII. The Chapter of Thunder (Mecca)... . - 232 XIV. The Chapter of Abraham (Mecca)... . . 238 XV. The Chapter of El ‘Hagr (Mecca) . . . . 244 XVI. The Chapter of the Bee (Mecca) . . . - 250 Digitized by Google INTRODUCTION. BEFORE entering upon an intelligent study of the Qur’4n it is necessary to make oneself acquainted with the circumstances of the people in whose midst it was revealed, with the political and religious aspects of the period, and with the personal history of the prophet himself. Arabia or Gazirat el “Arab, ‘the Arabian Peninsula,’ as it is called by native writers, is bounded on the west by the Red Sea; on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; on the south by the Indian Ocean; and on the north it extends to the confines of Babylonia and Syria. The Arabs were divided into those of the desert and those of the towns. The first were settled in the sterile country of the Hig4z, and the no less barren highlands of Negd. The principalities bordering on Syria and Persia were vassals of the Roman and Persian empires; the kingdom of Himyar in Yemen, to the south of the Peninsula, was in free communication with the rest of the world; but the Higdz, ‘the barrier, had effectually resisted alike the curiosity and the attacks of the nations who fought around it for the empire of the world. Persia, Egypt, Rome, Byzantium had each unsuccessfully essayed to penetrate the country and conquer its hardy inhabitants.
3Persia, Egypt, Rome, Byzantium had each unsuccessfully essayed to penetrate the country and conquer its hardy inhabitants. The Hig4z consists of the barren ranges of hills which lead up from the lowlands on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea to the highlands of Negd. In its valleys lie the holy cities of Mecca and Medinah, and here was the birthplace of el Islam. The Arabs of the desert preserved almost intact the manners, customs, and primeval simplicity of the early patriarchs. : They lived in tents made of hair or woollen cloth, and x THE QUR'AN. their principal wealth consisted in their camels, horses, and male and female slaves. ; They were a nomad race, changing their residence to the various places within their own territory, which afforded the best pasturage as the seasons came round. Brave and chivalrous, the Arab was always ready to defend the stranger who claimed his protection, while he would stand by a member of his own clan and defend him with his life, whether he were right or wrong. This devotion to the tribe was one of the strongest characteristics of the Arabs, and must be borne in mind if we would understand aright the early history of Islam. They were generous and hospitable to a fault, and many a tale is told of a chief who gave away his last camel, or slew his favourite horse to feed a guest, while he and his family were well-nigh left to starve. Pride of birth was their passion, and poetry their greatest delight ; their bards recited the noble pedigrees and doughty deeds of their tribes,—as their own proverb has it, ‘the registers of the Arabs are the verses of their bards,’— and in the numerous ancient poems still extant we have invaluable materials for the history of the race. But their vices were as conspicuous as their virtues, and drunkenness, gambling, and the grossest immorality were very prevalent amongst them: Robbery and murder were their ordinary occupations, for an Arab looked on work or agriculture as beneath his dignity, and thought that he hada prescriptive right to the property of those who condescended to such mean offices. The death of an Arab, however, was revenged with such rigour and vindictiveness by the fierce laws of the blood feud, that a certain check was placed upon their bloodthirsty propensities even in their wars; and these were still further tempered by the institution of certain sacred months, during which it was unlawful to fight or pillage. Cruel, and superstitious too, they were, and amongst the inhuman customs which Mohammed swept away, none is more revolting than that, commonly practised by them, of burying their female children alive. Poe ee ee e INTRODUCTION. x1
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
Romanised transliteration as printed by the translator, not the original script. This is what we hold.
1Google This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was carefully scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world’s books discoverable online. It has survived long enough for the copyright to expire and the book to enter the public domain. A public domain book is one that was never subject to copyright or whose legal copyright term has expired. Whether a book is in the public domain may vary country to country. Public domain books are our gateways to the past, representing a wealth of history, culture and knowledge that’s often difficult to discover. Marks, notations and other marginalia present in the original volume will appear in this file - a reminder of this book’s long journey from the publisher to a library and finally to you. Usage guidelines Google is proud to partner with libraries to digitize public domain materials and make them widely accessible. Public domain books belong to the public and we are merely their custodians. Nevertheless, this work is expensive, so in order to keep providing this resource, we have taken steps to prevent abuse by commercial parties, including placing technical restrictions on automated querying. We also ask that you: + Make non-commercial use of the files We designed Google Book Search for use by individuals, and we request that you use these files for personal, non-commercial purposes. + Refrain from automated querying Do not send automated queries of any sort to Google’s system: If you are conducting research on machine translation, optical character recognition or other areas where access to a large amount of text is helpful, please contact us. We encourage the use of public domain materials for these purposes and may be able to help. + Maintain attribution The Google “watermark” you see on each file is essential for informing people about this project and helping them find additional materials through Google Book Search. Please do not remove it. + Keep it legal Whatever your use, remember that you are responsible for ensuring that what you are doing is legal. Do not assume that just because we believe a book is in the public domain for users in the United States, that the work is also in the public domain for users in other countries. Whether a book is still in copyright varies from country to country, and we can’t offer guidance on whether any specific use of any specific book is allowed. Please do not assume that a book’s appearance in Google Book Search means it can be used in any manner anywhere in the world. Copyright infringement liability can be quite severe. About Google Book Search Google’s mission is to organize the world’s information and to make it universally accessible and useful. Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ tnd & 3F0.2 — sl
2Google Book Search helps readers discover the world’s books while helping authors and publishers reach new audiences. You can search through the full text of this book on the web at http: //books.google.com/ tnd & 3F0.2 — sl HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google Digitized by Google THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST [6] a London HENRY FROWDE OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS WAREHOUSE 7 PATERNOSTER ROW ‘ THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST, \\ : TRANSLATED BY VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS AND EDITED BY F. MAX MULLER @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1880 (All rights reserved} PS0F a ‘Dnp kl ZBIOw. a a HARVARD UNIVERSITY LIBRARY THE QUR’AN TRANSLATED BY E. H. PALMER PART I CHAPTERS I TO XVI @rford AT THE CLARENDON PRESS 1880 [All rights reserved } Digitized by Google : Tn 2 5 le Pog fae a F090, 75 O 4S, CONTENTS. PAGE INTRODUCTION . : . . . . . . . ix Abstract of the Contents of the Qur’én . . . . Ixxxi I. The Opening Chapter (Mecca) . oo. . I II. The Chapter of the Heifer (Medinah) . . . 2 III. The Chapter of Imran’s Family (Medinah) . . 46 IV. The Chapter of Women (Medinah)... . _ 41 Vv. The Chapter of the Table (Medinah) . . - 96 VI. The Chapter of Cattle (Mecca) . . . . 115 VII. The Chapter of Al Aaraf (Mecca) . . . «138 VIII. The Chapter of the Spoils (Medinah) . . . 163 IX. The Chapter of Repentance or Immunity (Medinah) 172 X. The Chapter of Jonah (Mecca) . . . . 192 XI. The Chapter of Haid (Mecca) . . . - 205 XI. The Chapter of Joseph (Mecca) . . . . 219 XIII. The Chapter of Thunder (Mecca)... . - 232 XIV. The Chapter of Abraham (Mecca)... . . 238 XV. The Chapter of El ‘Hagr (Mecca) . . . . 244 XVI. The Chapter of the Bee (Mecca) . . . - 250 Digitized by Google INTRODUCTION. BEFORE entering upon an intelligent study of the Qur’4n it is necessary to make oneself acquainted with the circumstances of the people in whose midst it was revealed, with the political and religious aspects of the period, and with the personal history of the prophet himself. Arabia or Gazirat el “Arab, ‘the Arabian Peninsula,’ as it is called by native writers, is bounded on the west by the Red Sea; on the east by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman; on the south by the Indian Ocean; and on the north it extends to the confines of Babylonia and Syria. The Arabs were divided into those of the desert and those of the towns. The first were settled in the sterile country of the Hig4z, and the no less barren highlands of Negd. The principalities bordering on Syria and Persia were vassals of the Roman and Persian empires; the kingdom of Himyar in Yemen, to the south of the Peninsula, was in free communication with the rest of the world; but the Higdz, ‘the barrier, had effectually resisted alike the curiosity and the attacks of the nations who fought around it for the empire of the world. Persia, Egypt, Rome, Byzantium had each unsuccessfully essayed to penetrate the country and conquer its hardy inhabitants.
3Persia, Egypt, Rome, Byzantium had each unsuccessfully essayed to penetrate the country and conquer its hardy inhabitants. The Hig4z consists of the barren ranges of hills which lead up from the lowlands on the Eastern coast of the Red Sea to the highlands of Negd. In its valleys lie the holy cities of Mecca and Medinah, and here was the birthplace of el Islam. The Arabs of the desert preserved almost intact the manners, customs, and primeval simplicity of the early patriarchs. : They lived in tents made of hair or woollen cloth, and x THE QUR'AN. their principal wealth consisted in their camels, horses, and male and female slaves. ; They were a nomad race, changing their residence to the various places within their own territory, which afforded the best pasturage as the seasons came round. Brave and chivalrous, the Arab was always ready to defend the stranger who claimed his protection, while he would stand by a member of his own clan and defend him with his life, whether he were right or wrong. This devotion to the tribe was one of the strongest characteristics of the Arabs, and must be borne in mind if we would understand aright the early history of Islam. They were generous and hospitable to a fault, and many a tale is told of a chief who gave away his last camel, or slew his favourite horse to feed a guest, while he and his family were well-nigh left to starve. Pride of birth was their passion, and poetry their greatest delight ; their bards recited the noble pedigrees and doughty deeds of their tribes,—as their own proverb has it, ‘the registers of the Arabs are the verses of their bards,’— and in the numerous ancient poems still extant we have invaluable materials for the history of the race. But their vices were as conspicuous as their virtues, and drunkenness, gambling, and the grossest immorality were very prevalent amongst them: Robbery and murder were their ordinary occupations, for an Arab looked on work or agriculture as beneath his dignity, and thought that he hada prescriptive right to the property of those who condescended to such mean offices. The death of an Arab, however, was revenged with such rigour and vindictiveness by the fierce laws of the blood feud, that a certain check was placed upon their bloodthirsty propensities even in their wars; and these were still further tempered by the institution of certain sacred months, during which it was unlawful to fight or pillage. Cruel, and superstitious too, they were, and amongst the inhuman customs which Mohammed swept away, none is more revolting than that, commonly practised by them, of burying their female children alive. Poe ee ee e INTRODUCTION. x1
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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