Timaeus — Plato

' Od. viii. 266. ^ Quoted by Suidas as attributed to Hesiod. ^ Cf. infra, x. 595. "'11. xxii. 15 sq.

2 lb. XX. 17. 4 II. ix. 515. -"^Ib. xxiv. 175. '^ lb. xxi. 130, 223 sq.

should have no place avwng the gods.

p. 75

of his own hair \ which had been previously dedicated to the other river-god Spercheius, and that he actually performed this vow ; or that he dragged Hector round the tomb of Patroclus 2, and slaughtered the captives at the pyre ^ ; of all this I cannot believe that he was guilty, any more than I can allow our citizens to believe that he, the wise Cheiron's pupil, the son of a goddess and of Peleus who was the gentlest of men and third in descent from Zeus, was so disordered in his wits as to be at one time the slave of two seemingly inconsistent passions, meanness, not untainted by avarice, combined with overweening contempt of gods and men.

You are quite right, he replied.

And let us equally refuse to believe, or allow to be repeated, the tale of Theseus son of Poseidon, or of Peirithous son of Zeus, going forth as they did to perpetrate a horrid rape ; or of any other hero or son of a god daring to do such impious and dreadful things as they falsely ascribe to them in our day : and let us further compel the poets to declare cither that these acts were not done by them, or that they were not the sons of gods ; — both in the same breath they shall not be permitted to affirm.

We will not have them trying to persuade our youth that the gods are the authors of evil, and that heroes are no better than men — sentiments which, as we were saying, are neither pious nor true, for we have already proved that evil cannot come from the gods. Assuredly not.

And further they are likely to have a bad effect on those who hear them ; for everybody will begin to excuse his own vices when he is convinced that similar wickednesses are always being perpetrated by — ' The kindred of the gods, the relatives of Zeus, whose ancestral altar, the altar of Zeus, is aloft in air on the peak of Ida,' and who have ' the blood of deities yet flowing in their veins'*.

And therefore let us put an end to such tales, lest they q2 engender laxity of morals among the young. 'II. xxiii. 151. * lb. xxii. 394. ^\h. xxiii. 175. "* From the Niobe of Aeschylus.

Republic III. Socrates, Adeimantus. The impious behaviour of Achilles to Apollo and the rivergods; his cruelty.

The tale of Theseus and Peirithous.

The bad effect of these mythological tales upon the young.