An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. III: Uttara-tantra — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1916)
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The translator’s English as printed (Kunja Lal Bhishagratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
the eye are the following, viz., (1) the Pakshma-mandala (the circle of the cye-lashcs), (2) the Vartma-mandala (the eye-lid) (3) the Sveta-mandala (the Sclerotic and Cornea), the Krishna-mandaia (the choroid) and (4) the Drishtimandala (the pupil). These circles are so arranged that the one preceding lies within the next in the list.* The Sandhis (which serve as lines of demarcation of the circles) already pointed out are six in number, the first binding the eye-lashes (Paksha-mandala) with the eyelids (Vartma-mandala), the second the eye-lids and the Sclerotic coat (Sveta-mandala), the third binding the latter with the Krishna-mandaia (choroid), the fourth situated between the latter and the Drishti-mandala, the fifth lying in the interior comer (Kaninnkas) and the last (sixth) in the exterior (posterior) corner (Apdngas) of the eye. 7-8.
* Evidently some line or lines are missing here as the line cannot give a complete sense by itself. Ed.
THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA.
t Chap. I.
ThC Patalas 5 — Of the Patalas, two are in the eye-lid (Vartma-mandala) and four in the eye proper, wherein occurs the dreadful disease known *as the Timira (loss of vision). Of these four the first or anterior coat (Patala) supports the humour Jala and light (Tejas), * the second coat or Patala (choroid) is supported by muscles ; the third coat or Patala (Sceroim and Cornea) consists of Medas (lit. fat) and there is the fourth which is a fifth part of the whole and is known as the Drishti. There are, however, divisions and subdivisions of these coats. 9.
The different parts of the eye-ball are held together by the blood-vessels, the muscles, the Vitreous body and the choroid.^ Beyond the choroid, the eye-ball is held (in the orbit) by a mass of Sleshmd (viscid substance — capsule of Tenon) supported by a number of vessels. The deranged Doshas which pass upward to the region of the eyes through the channels of the upcoursing veins and nerves give rise to a good many dreadful diseases in that region. 10.
Purva-rupa, etc. -.—Cloudiness of vision, slight inflammation, lachrymation, mucous accumulation, heaviness, burning sensation, sucking pain (D. Reaching pain) and redness in the eyes are indistinctly manifest (in the incubatory stage) in such cases. In cases of an inflammation of the Vartmas (eye-lids) the eye seems as if studded with the bristles of worms (S>uka) and attended with pain (as if pricked into with thorns) and a sensible impairment of the faculty of the eyes in detecting
* By "Jala” is meant here the serum (Rasa) in the skin, and by "Tejas” the blood in the veins (Sir£) carrying the (Tejas) known as the A'lochaka.
t D. R. vessels, muscles and aqueous humour (Medas) are most important for the maintenance of Krishna-mandala.
Chap. I’ 1 u 1 tara-TantaraM. $ colours and in closing and opening the eye-lids freely. An intelligent physician will conclude from these symptoms tfeat the eyes have been affected by the (deranged) Doshas, with a due consideration whereof the remedies should be (carefully) administered, otherwise the eyediseases might become too serious. The simple maxim or principle to be followed in the treatment of a disease is simply to forego the primary pathological causes of that disease. The special remedial measures that would pacify the different Doshas, Vâyu, etc. have been described in detail. 12-13.
Causes of Eye-disease The local
Doshas deranged and aggravated by such causes as diving in water immediately after an exposure to the heat and the glare of the sun, (constant) gazing at distant objects, sleep in the day time and keeping up late hours in the night, fixed and steady gaze, excessive weeping or over-indulgence in grief, worry and fatigue, a blow or a hurt, sexual excesses, the partaking (in inordinate quantities) of Sukta, Aranâla (fermented rice-water), acid gruel, Mâsha pulse, and Kulattha pulse, voluntary repression of any call of nature, exposure (of the eyes) to smoke or dust, trickling down of the drops of sweat (into the eyes), excessive or impeded vomiting, repression of tears, constant contraction of the eyes to adjust the sight to extremely small objects, etc., beget disorders of the organs of vision. 14.
Classification of the Eye-diseases :
— Seventy-six different kinds of eye-diseases have been come across in practice ; of these ten are of iginated by the deranged Vfifyu, ten by Pitta and thirteen by Kapha. Sixteen are produced by vitiated blood, and twenty-five by the concerted action of the deranged Doshas (Tri-Doshaja), and lastly, two are produced by tHE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA.
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