An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. III: Uttara-tantra — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1916)
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The translator’s English as printed (Kunja Lal Bhishagratna). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
There are thirty-two technical terms in this Treatise. They are— (t) Adhikarana, (2) Yoga, (3) PadArtha, (|) Hetvartha, (5) Uddesa, (6) Nirdes'a, (7) Upadesa, (8) Apadesa, (9) Pradcsa. (10) Atidesa, (11) Apavarga, (12) Vakya-sesha, (13; Arthapatti, (14) Viparyaya, (15) Prasanga, (16) Ekdnta, (17) AnekAnta, (18) Purvapaksha, (19) Nimaya, (20) Anumata, (21) VidhAna, (22) AnAgatA-vekshana, ( 23 ) AtikrAntA-vekshana, (24) Samsaya, (25) VyakhyAna, (26) Sva-samjna, (27) Nirvachana, (28) Nidarsana, (29) Niyoga, (30) Samuchchaya, (31) Vikalpa, and (32) Uhya. 2.
Necessity 5— What is the necessity of the use of these technical terms (Tantra-Yukti) ? The answer is— For connecting words together, i. e. y making up sentences and giving a sense or meaning to them. 3.
Memorable verses By the use of technical terms in a scientific treatise the points of argument of the opposite party are frustrated and the points of ones own argument are established. The meanings of the words, whether clearly used or not, whether direct or indirect, or partially used, if there is any such, in the treatise are also made distinct (by the use of the technical terms). Just as the sun shows a cluster of lotus and a lighted lamp (the inside of) a room at their best, so the technical terms used in a treatise clearly show u e. t explain the intended meaning. 4.
Chap. LXV.] UTTARA-TANTRA. * 407
Of these terms Adhikarana is the subject about which something is spoken of. For example — on (the subject of ) Rasa or on (the subject of) Dosha. 5.
The term “Yoga” is the union of words or sentences together. For example — an oil duly cooked with Amrita-valli \ Nimba , Himsrd , Abhayd , V rikshaka, Pippali ) the two kinds of Bald and with Deva-ddru should be prescribed for drinking as being efficacious in all cases of Gala-ganda. Here the main idea is ‘Siddham pivet* t. e. should be cooked and taken internally ; but the word ‘Siddham’ is used in the first half of the second hemistich, far away from the word ‘Pivot* in the sentence. This combining together of the different words, however distant in a sentence, is called a Yoga. 6.
The term ‘Tadâtha” is the meaning implied by a word or an aphorism (i e. a sentence). Padarthas are innumerable. For example — Sncha, Sveda, or Anjana, when used in a sentence, would each imply two or three meanings ; but only one meaning which tallies with the use of the previous or subsequent word (in the text) should be understood in each case. Thus, in the sentence “Vedotpattim Vyâkhyd sydmah” u e. we shall discourse on the origin of the ‘Veda’, the use of the word “Veda” would put the hearer at a loss to understand which of the Vedas is going to be discoursed on, for there are several Vedas, vis , Rigveda, elc. But when we try to understand the expression in connection with the previous or subsequent use of the expression - for the root ‘vid’ may mean either ‘Vichâfana’ (discussion) or ‘Vindati’ (to get)— we can afterwards come to the conclusion that the subject to be discoursed upon is the origin of Ayurveda. This is what is meant by the term Padârtha. 7.
JletwartJia is the ntcaning indirectly implied bv a
p. 408
THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITX.
[Chap< LXV.
word. For .example-— as earth is moistened by water, so an ulcer is moistened (and consequently secretes) by (the taking of) Mdsha- pulse, milk, etc. 8.
TJddeda is the statement in brief. For example — Salya (ordinarily any foreign matter but secondarily implying any obstructing matter in the body). 9.
Nirdeda is the statement in detail. For example — “£>alya” is of two kinds “S> 4 rira” (idiopathic) and “Agantu" (traumatic). 10.
Upadeda is an instruction for the doing of a thing in a particular way. For example — one should not sit up at night and one should give up sleep at the day time. 1 1.
Apadesa is the statement of reason. For example — it has been specified that S>leshma is increased by the use of the articles of sweet taste. 12.
Pradesa is the determination of a present action from past events. For example — Devadatta’s £>alya has been extracted by this person, hence Yajnadatta’s Salya will also be extracted by him. 1 3.
Atideda is the determination of some future event from some present event. For example — one’s bodily Vdyu courses upwards by such and such an action, hence one may get (an attack of Vdtaja) Uddvarta by such an action. 14.
Apavarga is the extraction — t. e. exception of (something) from something more comprehensive or extended, that is to say, it is an exception to the general rule. For example — fomentation should not be applied to persons suffering from the effects of poisoning excepting those suffering from insect-poison. 1 5,
V rfkya-sesha is the word the absence of the use of *which does not make the sentence incomplete. For example -when we say of the head, the hands, the legs,
Chap. LXV.J UTTARA-TANTRA. 40 p
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