Timaeus — Plato

Euripides and the tragedians. 277 happy man, he is the enemy of them all, and must seek Republic occasion against them whether he will or no, until he has ^^^' made a purgation of the State. Socrates, ^ ^ Adeimantus. Yes, he said, and a rare purgation. Yes, I said, not the sort of purgation which the physicians His purgation make of the body ; for they take away the worse and leave °^ '^^ ^'^**^' the better part, but he does the reverse.

If he is to rule, I suppose that he cannot help himself. What a blessed alternative, I said: — to be compelled to dwell only witK the many bad, and to be by them hated, or not to live at all! Yes, that is the alternative. And the more detestable his actions are to the citizens the more satellites and the greater devotion in them will he require ? Certainly. And who are the devoted band, and where will he procure them ?

They will flock to him, he said, of their own accord, if he pays them. By the dog! I said, here are more drones, of every sort More drones. and from every land. Yes, he said, there are. But will he not desire to get them on the spot? How do you mean? He will rob the citizens of their slaves ; he will then set them free and enrol them in his body-guard. To be sure, he said ; and he will be able to trust them best of all.

What a blessed creature, I said, must this tyrant be ; he He puts to 68 has put to death the others and has these for his trusted J^^*''/''" ^ Inends and friends. lives with the Yes, he said ; they are quite of his sort. slaves whom ' -^ ^ he has cnfran- Yes, I said, and these are the new citizens whom he has chised. called into existence, who admire him and are his companions, while the good hate and avoid him. Of course. Verily, then, tragedy is a wise thing and Euripides a great Euripides and tragedian. the tragedians Why so?

278 Republic VIII. Socrates, Adkimantus. praise tyranny, which is an excellent reason for expelling them from our State.

The tyrant seizes the treasures in the temples, and when these fail feeds upon the people.

The ways and means of the tyrant. Why, because he is the author of the pregnant saying, * Tyrants are wise by living with the wise ; ' and he clearly meant to say that they are the wise whom the tyrant makes his companions. Yes, he said, and he also praises tyranny as godlike ; and many other things of the same kind are said by him and by the other poets.

And therefore, I said, the tragic poets being wise men will forgive us and any others who live after our manner if we do not receive them into our State, because they are the eulogists of tyranny. Yes, he said, those who have the wit will doubtless forgive us. But they will continue to go to other cities and attract mobs, and hire voices fair and loud and persuasive, and draw the cities over to tyrannies and democracies. Very true.

Moreover, they are paid for this and receive honour — the greatest honour, as might be expected, from tyrants, and the next greatest from democracies ; but the higher they ascend our constitution hill, the more their reputation fails, and seems unable from shortness of breath to proceed further. True.

But we are wandering from the subject : Let us therefore return and enquire how the tyrant will maintain that fair and numerous and various and ever-changing army of his. If, he said, there are sacred treasures in the city, he will confiscate and spend them ; and in so far as the fortunes of attainted persons may suffice, he will be able to diminish the taxes which he would otherwise have to impose upon the people. And when these fail?

Why, clearly, he said, then he and his boon companions, whether male or female, will be maintained out of his father's estate. You mean to say that the people, from whom he has derived his being, will maintain him and his companions? Yes, he said ; they cannot help themselves. But what if the people fly into a passion, and aver that a