The Nicomachean Ethics — trans. F. H. Peters (1881)
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The translator’s English as printed (F. H. Peters). The original-language text is not held; names are romanised as the translator printed them.
8. The two vicious extremes are opposed to one another and to the intermediate virtue 52
9. The mean is hard to hit, and is a matter of perception not ofreasoning 55
BOOK III.
Chaptebs 1-5. THE WILL.
1. An act is involuntary when done (a) under compulsion, or
- (b) through ignorance : (a) means not originated by doer,
- (6) means through ignorance of the circumstances : voluntary, then, means originated with knowledge of circumstances 68
2. Purpose, a mode of will, means choice after deliberation ... 66
3. We deliberate on what we can do — not on ends, but means 68
4. We wish for the end, the real or apparent good 72
5. Virtue and vice are alike voluntary : our acts are our own ;
for we are punished for them : ignorance is no excuse when due to negligence : if this be our character, we have made it by repeated acts : even bodily vices are blamable when thus formed. We cannot plead that our
TABLE OF CONTEXTS.
XI
notion of good depends on our natore ; for (1) vice would still be as volantary as Tirtue, (2) we help to make ourselves what we are 74
CHAPTER5 6-12.
THE SEVERAL MORAL VIRTUES
AND VICES.
6. Of courage and the opposite vices
7. Ofcoxirage — continued...
8. Of courage improperly so called
9. How courage iuTolves both pain and pleasure
10. Of temperance
11. Of temperance — continued
12. How profligacy is more Toluntary than cowardice
BOOK IV.
THE SAME— Cbn/imied.
1. Of liberality
2. Of magnificence
3. Of high-mindedness
4. Of a similar virtue in smaller matters
5. Of gentleness
6. Of agreeableness
7. Of truthfulness
8. Ofwittiness
9. Of the feeling of shame
BOOK V.
THE SAME— Concluded. JUSTICE.
1. Preliminary. Two senses of justice distinguished. Of justice (1) = obedience to law, = complete virtue ... 136
2. Of justice (2) = fairness, how related to justice (1). What is just in distribution distinguished from what is just in correction 140 xii TABLE OF CONTENTS.
CHAP. TAGE
3. Of what is just in distribution, and its rule of geometrical proportion 144
4. Of what is just in correction, and its rule of arithmetical proportion ... 147
5. Simple requital is not identical with what is just, but proportionate requital is what is just iu exchange ; and this is effected by means of money. We can now give a general definition of justice (2) 152
6. (It is possible to act unjustly without being unjust.) That which is just in the strict sense is between citizens only, for it implies law 160
7. It is in part natural, in part conventional 163
8. The internal conditions of a just or unjust action, and of a just or unjust agent 165
9. Sundry questions about doing and suffering injustice ... 169
10. Of equity 174
11. Can a man wrong himself ? 176
BOOK VI.
THE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES.
1. Must be studied because (a) reason prescribes the mean,
(b) they are a part of human excellence. The intellect is (1 ) scientiiic, (2) calculative : we want the virtue of each ...
2. The function of the intellect, both in practice and speculation, is to attain truth
3. Of the five modes of attaining truth : (1) of demonstrative science of things unalterable
4. Of knowledge of things alterable, viz. (2) of art in what we make
5. And (3) of prudence in what we do, the virtue of the calculative intellect
6. (4) Of intuitive reason as the basis of demonstrative science
7. (5) Of wisdom as the union of science and intuitive reason.
Comparison of the two intellectual virtues, wisdom and prudence
8. Prudence compared with statesmanship and other forms of knowledge
TABLE OF CONTENTS. Xlll
\r. PACE d. Of deliberation 195
10. Of intelligence 198
11. Of judgment. Of reason or intuitive perception as the basis of the practical intellect 199
12. Of the uses of wisdom and prudence. How prudence is related to cleverness 202
13. How prudence is related to moral virtue 205
BOOK YIL
Chaptebs 1-10. CHAKACTERS OTHER THAN
VIRTUE AND VICE.
1. Of continence and incontinence, heroic virtue and brutality.
Of method. Statement of opinions about continence 208
2. Statement of difficulties as to how one can know right and do wrong 210
3. Solution : to know has many senses ; in what sense such a man knows 214
4. Of incontinence in the strict and in t!ie metaphorical sense 220
5. Of incontinence in respect of bmtal or morbid appetites ... 224
6. Incontinence in anger less blamed than in appetite ,., 227
7. Incontinence yields to pleasure, softness to pain. Two kinds of incontinence, the hasty and the weak ... 230
8. Incontinence compared with vice and virtue 233