1 As in § 6. But instead of 'Not of a pure conduct in his deeds, nor in his words, nor as regards his means of livelihood/ read respectively, 'Of a pure conduct in his deeds, but not in his words, nor as regards his means of livelihood' (§7); ' Of a pure conduct in his deeds and in his words, but not with regard to his means of livelihood' (§8); 'Of a pure conduct in his deeds and in his words and with regard to his means of livelihood' (§ 9).
344 MAHAVAGGA. IV, 16, 12.
know, friends, what a moral transgression is, &c.,"
let them say to him : " And what is, friend, a moral
transgression, &c. ?"
12. 'If he replies : " The four para^ika offences
and the thirteen sa^ghadisesa offences are the
moral transgressions; thulla/£/£aya offences, pa-
/Httiya offences, pa^idesanlya offences, dukka/a
offences, and wicked language are the transgres-
sions against the rules of conduct ; false doctrine
and .... doctrine1 are heresy," let them say to
him: "If you inhibit, friend, the Pavara^a of
this Bhikkhu, do you inhibit it on account of what
you have seen, or of what you have heard, or of
what you suspect?"
13. 'If he replies: "I inhibit it on account of
what I have seen, or on account of what I have
heard, or on account of what I suspect," let them
say to him : " If you inhibit, friend, the Pavara^a
of this Bhikkhu on account of what you have seen,
what have you seen? What is it that you have
seen? When have you seen it? Where have you
seen it? Have you seen him committing a para-
^ika offence? Have you seen him committing a
sa^ghadisesa offence? Have you seen him
committing a thullaz&^aya offence, a pa^ittiya
offence, a pa/idesaniya offence, a dukka/a offence,
or making himself guilty of wicked language ? And
where were you? And where was this Bhikkhu?
And what did you do? And what did this Bhik-
khu do?"
3 The meaning of antaggahika di/Mi (Sanskrit antargra- hika drz'sh/i? antagrahika drz'sh/i?) is unknown to us ; Bud- dhaghosa gives no explanation. Perhaps it may mean doctrine partly false and partly correct (eclectic).
14. * If he then replies : " I do not inhibit, friends,
the Pavdra^a of this Bhikkhu on account of what I
have seen, but I inhibit it on account of what I have
heard," let them say to him: " If you inhibit, friend,
the Pavara^a of this Bhikkhu on account of what
you have heard, what have you heard ? What is it
that you have heard? When have you heard it?
Where have you heard it? Have you heard that he
has committed a para^ika offence, .... (&c, down
to) .... or that he has made himself guilty of wicked
language? Have you heard it from a Bhikkhu?
Have you heard it from a Bhikkhunf ? Have you
heard it from a sikkhamana, from a sama^era,
from a sama^eri, from an upasaka, from an upa-
sika, from kings, from royal officers, from Titthiyas,
from Titthiya disciples ?"
15. 'If he then replies : " I do not inhibit, friends,
the Pavara^a of this Bhikkhu on account of what
I have heard, but I inhibit it on account of what I
suspect," let them say to him : " If you inhibit, friend,
the Pavara^a of this Bhikkhu on account of what
you suspect, what do you suspect ? What is it that you
suspect? When do you suspect it? Where do you
suspect it ? Do you suspect that he has committed
a para^ika offence, .... (&c, down to) ... . wicked
language ? Does your suspicion come from what
you have heard from a Bhikkhu, .... (&c, down
to) ... . from Titthiya disciples ?"
16. ' If he then replies: "I do not inhibit, friends,
the Pavara^a of this Bhikkhu on account of what
I suspect ; I do not know the reason why I inhibit
the Pavara/za of this Bhikkhu," and if that Bhikkhu,
O Bhikkhus, who reproves (the other one), being
questioned by intelligent fellow Bhikkhus, is not able
346 mahAvagga. IV, 16, 17.
to convince their minds, you are right in saying that
in such case the Bhikkhu who has been reproved is
blameless. But if that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who
reproves (the other one), being questioned by intel-
ligent fellow Bhikkhus, is able to convince their
minds, you are right in saying that in such case
the Bhikkhu who has been reproved is blamable.
17. ' If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves
(another one), admits that he has charged him un-
foundedly with a para^ika offence, let the Sa/^gha
enter upon the sa^ghadisesa proceedings1 (against
the accuser) and then hold Pavara^a.
' If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (an-
other one), admits that he has charged him un-
foundedly with a sa^ghadisesa offence, let the
Sa/^gha treat (the accuser) according to the law2
and then hold Pavara^a.
' If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who reproves (an-
other one), admits that he has charged him un-
foundedly with a thulla>£/£aya offence, or with a
pa^ittiya offence, or with a pa/idesanlya offence,
or with a dukka/a offence, or with having used
wicked language, let the Sa^gha treat (the accuser)
according to the law3 and then hold Pavcira/za.
18. * If that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, who has been
reproved, admits that he has committed a para^ika
offence, let the Sa^gha expel him and then hold
Pavara^a.
' If that Bhikkhu, &c, admits that he has com-
1 See the 8th Sa^ghadisesa rule.
2 See the 76th Pa/£ittiya rule.
3 According to Buddhaghosa, the Bhikkhu who brings such an unfounded charge against a fellow Bhikkhu, is guilty of a dukka/a offence.
IV, l6, 22. THE PAVARAiVA CEREMONY. 347
mitted a sa/^ghadisesa offence, let the Sa^gha
enter upon the sawghadisesa proceedings (against
him) and then hold Pavara^a.
' If that Bhikkhu, &c, admits that he has com-
mitted a thulla/£/£aya offence, or a paiittiya
offence, .... (&c, down to) ... . wicked language,
let the Sawgha treat him according to the law
and then hold Pavara^a.
19. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu on the day
of Pavara^a is guilty of a thulla^/^aya offence.
Some Bhikkhus believe that it is a thulla^/^aya
offence, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a sa^-
ghadisesa offence. In that case, O Bhikkhus, let
those Bhikkhus who take it for a thulla^aya
offence, take that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, aside, treat
him according to the law, go back to the Sa^gha,
and say: "The offence, friends, which this Bhikkhu
has committed, he has atoned for according to the
law. If the Sa/^gha is ready, let the Sa^gha hold
Pa a ))
avara^a.
20. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu on the day
of Pav&ra^a is guilty of a thulla^/^aya offence.
Some Bhikkhus believe that it is a thulla^/§aya
offence, other Bhikkhus believe that it is a pa^it-
tiya offence. Some Bhikkhus believe that it is a
thulla/£/£aya offence, other Bhikkhus believe that it
is a pa/idesaniya offence ; a thulla^^aya offence ;
a dukka/a offence; a thulla/£/£aya offence, an
offence by wicked language. In that case (&c, as
in § 19, down to the end).
21. 22. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu on the
day of Pav&ra/za is guilty of a pa/£ittiya offence, of
a pa^idesanlya offence, of a dukka^a offence, of an
offence by wicked language. Some Bhikkhus believe
348 MAHAVAGGA. IV, 16, 23.
that it is an offence by wicked language, other Bhik-
khus believe that it is a sa^ghadisesa offence, &c.
Some Bhikkhus believe that it is an offence by
wicked language, other Bhikkhus believe that it is
a dukka/a offence. In that case, O Bhikkhus, let
those Bhikkhus who take it for an offence by wicked
language, take that Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, aside
(&c., see § 19).
23. ' If, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu speaks thus before
the assembly on the day of Pavara/za: " Let the
Sa?/zgha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Here this deed
is known (to me), but not the (guilty) person. If
the Sa/^gha is ready, let the Sa^gha hold Pa va-
ra/^ excluding this deed/' (the Bhikkhus) ought to
reply : " The Blessed One, friend, has prescribed
that they who hold Pa vara/2 a, ought to be pure.
If a deed is known, but not the (guilty) person,
report it (to us) now/'
24. ' If, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu speaks thus before
the assembly on the day of Pavara^a : " Let the
Sa^gha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Here a person
is known (to me as guilty), but not his deed. If
the Sa^gha is ready, let the Sa^gha hold Pava-
ra^a excluding this person," (the Bhikkhus) ought
to reply : " The Blessed One, friend, has prescribed
that they who hold Pavara^a, ought to be com-
plete. If a person is known to you (as guilty), but
not his deed, report it (to us) now/'
25. * If, O Bhikkhus, a Bhikkhu speaks thus before
the assembly on the day of Pavara^a: "Let the
Sa^gha, reverend Sirs, hear me. Here a deed is
known (to me) as well as the (guilty) person. If
the Sa/^gha is ready, let the Sawgha hold Pav&-
ra^a excluding this deed and this person," (the
Iv, 17, I. the Pavarajva Ceremony. 349
Bhikkhus) ought to reply : " The Blessed One,
friend, has prescribed that they who hold Pava-
ra^a, ought to be pure as well as complete. If
the deed and the (guilty) person are known to you,
report it (to us) now."
26. ' If, O Bhikkhus, a deed becomes known be-
fore the Pavara/za, and the (guilty) person after-
wards (i. e. after the Pavara/za), it is right to bring
it forward (then) 1.
i If, O Bhikkhus, the (guilty) person becomes
known before the Pavara^S,, and his deed after-
wards, it is right to bring it forward (then).
* If, O Bhikkhus, the deed as well as the (guilty)
person becomes known before the Pavara^a, and if
(a Bhikkhu) raises up that matter again after the Pa va-
ra^a, he makes himself guilty of a pa^ittiya offence
for raising up (a matter that has been settled) V
1. At that time a number of Bhikkhus, companions
and friends of each other, entered upon Vassa in a
certain district of the Kosala country. In their
neighbourhood other Bhikkhus, litigious, conten-
tious, quarrelsome, disputatious persons, who used
to raise questions before the Sa/^gha, entered upon
Vassa with the intention of inhibiting, on the Pava-
ra/za day, the Pavara^a of those Bhikkhus when
1 ' Because it had not been possible to decide the matter at the Pavara^a' (Buddhaghosa).
2 See the 63rd Pa^ittiya rule.
350 MAHAVAGGA. IV, 17, 2.
they should have finished their Vassa residence.
Now those Bhikkhus heard: 'In our neighbour-
hood other Bhikkhus, &c. Well, what are we
to do?'
They told this thing to the Blessed One.
2. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, a number of Bhikkhus,
companions and friends of each other, enter upon
Vassa in a certain district. In their neighbourhood
other Bhikkhus, .... (&c, § i). I prescribe, O Bhik-
khus, that those Bhikkhus hold Uposatha twice or
thrice on the fourteenth day (of the half-month) 1 in
order that they may be able to hold Pavara^a before
those (other) Bhikkhus. If those litigious, conten-
tious, .... (&c, § 1) Bhikkhus approach that district,
let the resident Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, quickly as-
semble and hold Pavara/za; having held Pavd-
ra/za, let them say to them: "We have held
our Pavara^a, friends; do you do, Sirs, as you
think fit."
3. ' If those litigious, .... (&c, § i) Bhikkhus
come to that residence unexpectedly, let the resi-
dent Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, prepare seats (for
them), get water for the washing of their feet,
foot-stools, and towels2, then let them go to meet
them, take their bowls and their robes, and offer
them (water) to drink ; having thus looked after
those Bhikkhus, let them go outside the boundary
and hold Pavara/za; having held Pavara/za, let
1 In this way, when the inimical Bhikkhus are arriving about the time of Pavara/za, the resident Bhikkhus count the day which is the thirteenth or fourteenth to the other Bhikkhus, as the fifteenth, and thus they are enabled to finish their Pavara/za before they can be prevented.
2 See I, 6, 11.
IV, 17, 7- THE PAVARAiVA CEREMONY. 35 I
them say: " We have held our Pavara^a, friends, do you do, Sirs, as you think fit."
4. ' If they succeed in this way, well and good ;
if they do not succeed, let a learned, competent,
resident Bhikkhu proclaim the following /zatti be-
fore the resident Bhikkhus : " Let the resident
Bhikkhus hear me, Sirs. If you are ready, Sirs,
let us now hold Uposatha and recite the Pati-
mokkha, and let us hold Pavara^a on the next
new-moon day." If, O Bhikkhus, the litigious, ....
(&c, § 1) Bhikkhus say to those Bhikkhus : "Well,
friends, hold Pavara^a with us now," let them
reply: "You are not masters, friends, of our Pava-
ra/za; we will not hold Pavara^a now."
5. ' If, O Bhikkhus, those litigious, .... (&c, § i)
Bhikkhus stay there till that new-moon day, let a
learned, competent, resident Bhikkhu, . . . . x
6. ' If, O Bhikkhus, those litigious, .... (&c, § i)
Bhikkhus stay there still till that full-moon day,
those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, ought to hold P a va-
ra na. all of them, no matter whether they like it or
not, on the next full-moon day, on the day of the
komud! y^itumasinf 2.
7. < If those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, hold Pava-
ra^a, and a sick Bhikkhu inhibits the Pavara/za of
a healthy Bhikkhu, let them say (to the inhibiting
Bhikkhu) : " You are sick, Sir, and the Blessed One
has said that a sick person cannot endure being
questioned. Wait, friend, until you have recovered ;