6. Apastamba I, 9, 25, 10.
7. Manu XI, 80 ; Ya^v/avalkya III, 244-245.
8. Apastamba I, 9, 25, 21. 9. Apastamba I, 9, 25, 22. 10. Haradatta names the Pa«£aratra sacrifice as an instance of
a -Srauta ya^vza, of which an Agnish/ut forms part. He adds that another commentator explains the Sfitra to mean, ' or at any other sacrifice, provided that an Agnish/ut sacrifice be its final ceremony.' Regarding the Agnish/ut sacrifice, see also above, XIX, 10. n. Ya^flavalkya III, 252.
12. Apastamba 1. 9, 24, 9 ; Manu XI, 88 ; Y%«avalkya III, 251.
13. Apastamba I, 9, 24, 8; Manu, Ya^navalkya, loc. cit.
14. Apastamba I, 9, 24, i, 4. ' Prakrrta (normal) means natural
Xxii, 21. Penances. 285
years ; and he shall give one thousand cows and one bull.
15. For (killing) a Vaisya (the same penance
must be performed) during three years ; and he
shall give one hundred cows and one bull.
1 6. For (killing) a .Sudra (the same penance must
be performed) during one year ; and he shall give
ten cows and one bull.
17. And the same (rule applies) if a female (has
been killed) who was not in the condition (described
in Sutra 12).
1 8. (The penance for killing) a cow is the same as for (the murder of) a Vaisya,
19. And for injuring a frog, an ichneumon, a crow, a chameleon, a musk-rat, a mouse, and a dog,
20. And for killing one thousand (small animals) that have bones,
21. Also for (killing) an ox-load of (animals) that have no bones ;
(svabhavika), i. e. not accompanied by the carrying of the foot of a bedstead and the rest/ — Haradatta.
15. Apastamba I, 9, 24, 2, 4.
16. Apastamba I, 9, 24, 3, 4.
17. Apastamba I, 9, 24, 5; Yag-wavalkya III, 269. Haradatta says that this rule refers to the expiation of the murder of a virtuous Brahmam.
18. Apastamba I, 9, 26, i ; Mann XI, 109-116; YagTzavalkya III, 263. Haradatta thinks that the Sutra refers to the cow of a vir- tuous .Srotriya or of a poor Brahmawa who has many children.
19. Apastamba 1, 9, 25, 13. Haradatta explains dahara to mean a small mouse, but gives the meaning assigned to it in the transla- tion as the opinion of others. He states that all the animals named must have been intentionally injured and together.
20. Manu XI, 142; Ya^v/avalkya III, 275.
21. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 2.
286 GAUTAMA. XXII, 22.
22. Or he may also give something for (the de- struction of) each animal that has bones.
23. For (killing) a eunuch (he shall give) a load of straw and a masha of lead ;
24. For (killing) a boar, a pot of clarified butter ;
25. For (killing) a snake, a bar of iron ;
26. For (killing) an unchaste woman, who is merely in name a Brahma#l, a leather bag;
27. (For killing a woman who subsists) by har- lotry, nothing at all.
28. For preventing that (a Br£hma»a) obtains a
wife, food, or money, (he must) in each case (remain
chaste) during a year,
29. For adultery two years,
30. (For adultery with the wife) of a .SVotriya three years.
31. And if he has received a present (from the woman), he shall throw it away,
32. Or restore it to the giver,
33. If he has employed Vedic texts for people
(with whom such intercourse is) forbidden, (he shall
remain chaste for a year), provided (the portion of
the Veda thus employed) contained one thousand
words.
22. Haradatta quotes a verse showing that 'something' means eight handfuls (mush/i) of grain.
23. Manu XI, 134; Ya^avalkya III, 273.
24. Manu XI, 135.
25. Manu XI, 34 ; Ya^wavalkya III, 273. Possibly danda, a bar, denotes here a particular measure, as a d&nda. is said to be equal to four hastas or ninety-six angulis.
26. .Manu XI, 139,
29-30. Apastamba II, 10, 27, n.
33. Haradatta says that by the employment of Vedic texts, teaching or sacrificing is meant, but that others refer the Sfitra
Xxitt, 3. Penances. 287
34. And the same (penance must be performed)
by him who extinguishes the (sacred) fires, who
neglects the daily recitation of the Veda, or (who is
guilty) of a minor offence (upapataka),
35. Also by a wife who violates her duty (to
her husband) : but, being guarded, she shall receive
food.
36. For committing a bestial crime, excepting
(the case of) a cow, (he shall offer) an oblation of
clarified butter, (reciting) the KushmaWa texts,
CHAPTER XXIII.
'i. They shall pour hot spirituous liquor into the
mouth of a Brahmawa who has drunk such liquor ;
he will be purified after death.
2. If he has drunk it unintentionally, (he shall
drink) for three days hot milk, clarified butter, and
water, and (inhale hot) air. That (penance is called
the Tapta-)krz'>£/f>fcra. Afterwards he shall be again
initiated.
3. And (the same penance must be performed) for swallowing urine, excrements, or semen,
to the performance of these acts in the company of, not for unworthy people.
35. Manu XI, 189 ; Yagtfavalkya III, 297.
36. Manu XI, 174. Regarding the KushmaWas, see XIX, 12. XXIII. i. Apastamba I, 9, 25, 3. Haradatta remarks that other
twice-born men also must perform the same penance in case they drink liquor forbidden to them, see above, II, 20 note. He also states that the offence must have been committed intentionally and repeatedly in order to justify so severe an expiation. Regarding the effect of the purification after death, see above, XX, 16.
2-3. Manu XI, 151; Ya^wavalkya III, 255; see also Apastamba I, 9, 25, 10.
288 GAUTAMA. XXITT, 4.
4. And (for eating) any part of a carnivorous beast, of a camel or of an ass,
5. And of tame cocks or tame pigs.
6. If he smells the fume (exhaled) by a man who
has drunk spirituous liquor, (he shall) thrice restrain
his breath and eat clarified butter,
7. Also, if he has been bitten by (one of the animals mentioned) above (Sutras 4-5).
8. He who has defiled the bed of his Guru shall extend himself on a heated iron bed,
9. Or he shall embrace the red-hot iron image of a woman.
10. Or he shall tear out his organ and testi-
cles and, holding them in his hands, walk straight
towards the south-west, until he falls down dead.
u. He will be purified after death.
12. (The guilt of him who has intercourse) with
the wife of a friend, a sister, a female belonging to
the same family, the wife of a pupil, a daughter-
in-law, or with a cow, is as great as that of (him
who violates his Guru's) bed.
13. Some (declare, that the guilt of such a sinner
is equal to) that of a student who breaks the vow of
chastity.
14. A woman who commits adultery with a man
4-5. Manu XI, 157. 6. Manu XI, 150.
7. Manu XI, 200; Ya^avalkya III, 277.
8-10. Apastamba I, 9, 25, 1-2. Haradatta asserts that Guru
denotes here the father alone.
12. Manu XI, 171-172; Ya^wavalkya III, 232-233.
13. ' The penance also consists in the performance of the rites obligatory on an unchaste student (see Sutras 17-19), and that for the violation of a Guru's bed need not be performed.' — Haradatta.
14. Manu VIII, 371.
Xxiii, 20. Penances. 289
of lower caste the king shall cause to be devoured by clogs in a public place.
15. He shall cause the adulterer to be killed (also).
1 6. (Or he shall punish him in the manner) which has been declared (above).
T 7. A student who has broken the vow of chastity shall offer an ass to Nirrzti on a cross-road.
1 8. Putting on the skin of that (ass), with the
hair turned outside, and holding a red (earthen)
vessel in his hands, he shall beg in seven houses,
proclaiming his deed.
19. He will be purified after a year.
20. For an involuntary discharge caused by fear
or sickness, or happening during sleep, and if for
seven days the fire-oblations and begging have been
neglected, (a student) shall make an offering of clari-
15. Manu VIII, 372 ; Ya£-»avalkya II, 286 ; Apastamba II, 10, 27, 9. My best MSS. read ghatayet, 'shall cause to be killed/ instead of Professor Stenzler's khadayet, 'shall cause to be de- voured.' C. has khadayet, but its commentary, as well as that given in the other MSS., shows that ghatayet is the correct reading. The text of the commentary runs as follows: Anan- taroktavishaye gata^ puman ra^T/a ghatayitvyo [khadayitavyo C.] vadhaprakara^Mnantaram eva vasishMava^ane damtaA. The pas- sages of Vasish/^a XXI, 1-3, which Haradatta has quoted in explanation of 'Sutra 14, prescribe that the adulterer is to be burnt. Another objection to the reading khadayet is that the word would be superfluous. If Gautama had intended to prescribe the same punishment for the adulterer as for the woman, he would simply have said pumawsam.
1 6. Above, i. e. XII, 2, where the mutilation of the offender has been prescribed. See also Apastamba II, 10, 26, 20.
17-19. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 8-9.
20. Manu II, 181, 187; Ya^wavalkya III, 278, 281. The Retasyas are found Taittiriya Aranyaka I, 30.
290 GAUTAMA. XXIJT, 21.
fied butter or (place) two pieces of fuel (in the fire) reciting the two (verses called) Retasya.
21. Let him who was asleep when the sun rose
remain standing during the day, continent and fast-
ing, and him who was asleep when the sun set
(remain in the same position) during the night>
reciting the Gayatri.
22. He who has looked at an impure (person), shall look at the sun and restrain his breath (once);
23. Let him who has eaten forbidden food [or
swallowed impure substances], (fast until) his entrails
are empty.
24. (In order to attain that), he must entirely ab- stain from food at least for three (days and) nights.
25. Or (he becomes pure) after eating during
seven (days and) nights fruits that have become
detached spontaneously, avoiding (all other food).
26. (If he has eaten forbidden food mentioned
above) before five-toed animals, he must throw it
up and eat clarified butter.
27. For abuse, speaking an untruth, and doing
injury, (he shall practise) austerities for no longer
period than three (days and) nights.
21. Apastamba II, 5, 12, 22; Manu II, 220.
22. Manu V, 86. 'An impure person, i.e. a K§.nd§\z. and the like. This rule refers to a student (who sees such a person) while he recites the Veda.' — Haradatta.
23-24. Apastamba I, 9, 27, 3-4. My copies omit amedhya- pra^ane vS, or has swallowed impure substances, and the words are not required, as another penance has been prescribed for the case above, Sutra 3. But see also Samavidhana I, 5, 13.
26. Manu XI, 161. The Sutras referred to are XVII, 9-26.
27. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 3. My copies read triratraparamam instead of triratram paramam. This reading, which seems pre-
XXIV, i. PENANCES. • 29!
28. If (the abuse) was merited, (he shall offer)
burnt-oblations, reciting (the Mantras) addressed to
Varutfa and (the hymns) revealed by Manu.
29. Some (declare, that) an untruth (spoken) at
the time of marriage, during dalliance, in jest or
while (one suffers severe) pain is venial.
30. But (that is) certainly not (the case) when (the untruth) concerns a Guru.
31. For if he lies in his heart only to a Guru re-
garding small matters even, he destroys (himself),
seven descendants, and seven ancestors.
3 2. For intercourse with a female (of one) of the
lowest castes, he shall perform a Y^rikkhr^. penance
during one year.
33. (For committing the same sin) undesignedly,
(he shall perform the same penance) during twelve
(days and) nights.
34. For connection with a woman during her
courses, (he shall perform the same penance) for
three (days and) nights.
CHAPTER XXIV.
i. A secret penance (must be performed) by him whose sin is not publicly known.
ferable, is also confirmed by the commentary, where the words are explained, triratraparataya parewa triratram.
28. According to Haradatta the texts addressed to Varu«a are yatki»z /tedam, Taitt. Sawh. Ill, 4, ir, 6; imam me varuwa, tattva yami, Taitt. Sawzh. II, i, n, 6; and ava te he/o, Taitt. Sa/«h. I, 5, n, 3. The hymns seen by Manu are Rig-veda VIII, 27-31.
29. Manu VII, 112.
32. Apastamba I, 10, 28, 10-11. Regarding the penance, see below, chapter XXVI.
34. Manu XI, 174; Ya^«avalkya III, 288. XXIV. i. Manu XI, 248; Ya^avalkya III, 301.
GAUTAMA. XXIV, 2.
2. He who desires to accept or has accepted (a
gift) which ought not to be accepted, shall recite
the four /?zk-verses (IX, 58, 1-4), (beginning) Tarat
sa mandt, (standing) in water.
3. He who desires to eat forbidden food, shall scatter earth (on it).
4. Some (declare, that) he who has connection
with a woman during her courses becomes pure by
bathing.
