5. Some (declare, that this rule holds good) in the case of (one's own) wives (only).
6. The (secret) penance for killing a learned
Brahma^a (is as follows) : Living during ten days
on milk (alone) or (on food fit for offerings), during
a second (period of ten days) on clarified butter, and
during a third (period of ten days) on water, par-
2. Manu XI, 254. ' He who has accepted or desires to accept, i.e. because no other course is possible, (a present) offered by a man that is blamable on account of the caste of the giver or on account of his deeds, or (a present) that in itself is blamable, e. g. the skin of a black-buck and the like ... in water, i. e. according to some, standing in water that reaches to his navel ; according to others, entirely immersed in water.' — Haradatta.
3. Manu loc. cit. ' Forbidden food has been described above, XVII, 8, 9. If, being unable to act otherwise, he desires to eat that, he shall throw earth, i. e. a piece of earth, (into it) and then eat it.' — Haradatta.
4. Haradatta adds that he shall bathe, dressed in his garments.
5. Haradatta adds that another commentator reads ekestrishu, i.e. eke astrishu, and explains the Sutra to mean, ' Some (declare the above rule to refer also) to a bestial crime.'
6. Ya^avalkya III, 303. According to Haradatta the complete Mantras are as follows: Lomanyatmano mukhemmyorasye^-uhomi sva'ha', nakhanya. m. m. a. ^uhomi svaha, &c. This secret penance is apparently a milder form of that prescribed Apastamba I, 9,
Xxiv, 12. Penances. 2q3
taking of (such food) once only each day, in the
morning, and keeping his garments constantly wet,
he shall (daily) offer (eight) oblations, (representing)
the hair, the nails, the skin, the flesh, the blood, the
sinews, the bones, (and) the marrow. The end of
each (Mantra) shall be, ' I offer in the mouth of the
Atman (the Self), in the jaws of Death.'
7. Now another (penance for the murder of a Brahmawa will be described) :
8. The rule (as to eating and so forth), which has been declared (above, Sutra 6, must be observed),
9. (And) he shall offer clarified butter, reciting
(the sacred text Rig-veda I, 189, 2), CO fire, do
thou ferry over,' the Mahavyahrz'tis, and the Kush-
10. Or,ibr the murder of a Brahmawa, for drinking
spirituous liquor, for stealing (gold), and for the vio-
lation of a Guru's bed, he may perform that (same
vow), tire himself by repeatedly stopping his breath,
and recite (the hymn seen by) Aghamarshawa. That
is equal (in efficacy) to the final bath at a horse-
sacrifice ;
11. Or, repeating the Gayatrl a thousand times, he, forsooth, purifies himself;
12. Or, thrice repeating (the hymn of) Agha-
marshafta while immersed in water, he is freed from
all sins.
9. The Mahavyahr/tis are, bhft/6, bhuvaA, sva^. Regarding the Kflshma«</as, see above, XIX, 12.
10. Manu XI, 260-261 ; Ya^wavalkya III, 302. The vow intended is that prescribed above, SCitras 6, 8.
n. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 14-!, 9, 27, i. Haradatta remarks
that the performer of the penance shall live on milk and stop his
breath, repeatedly stopping his breath.
294 GAUTAMA. XXV, I.
CHAPTER XXV.
1. Now they say : 'How many (gods) does a student enter who violates the vow of chastity ? '
2. (And they answer) : 'His vital spirits (go
to) the Maruts (winds), his strength to Indra, his
eminence in sacred learning to Brzhaspati, all the
remaining parts to Agni.'
3. He kindles the fire in the night of the new
moon, and offers, by way of penance, two oblations
of clarified butter,
4. (Reciting these two sacred texts), ' Defiled by
lust am I, defiled am I, oh Lust; to Lust svaha;'
"' Injured by lust am I, injured am I, oh Lust ; to
Lust svaha.' (Next) he (silently) places one piece of
sacred fuel (on the fire), sprinkles water round the
fire, offers the Ya^wavastu (oblation), and approaching
(the fire) worships it, thrice (reciting the text), ' May
the waters sprinkle me/
5. These worlds are three ; in order to conquer
XXV. i. For this and the following five Sutras, see Taittiriya Arawyaka II, 18, i seq.
2. 'All the remaining parts, i.e. his sight and the other organs of sense, go to Agni. Thus a student who has broken the vow of chastity becomes short-lived, weak, destitute of eminence in sacred learning, and deslitote of sight, and so forth. Therefore a penance must be performed.' — Haradatta. It must, of course, be under- stood that the penance prescribed here, is a 'secret penance.'
3. 'He, i.e. the unchaste student, shall kindle the fire in the night of the new moon, i.e. at midnight, in the manner declared in the Gr/hya-sutra.' — Haradatta.
4. Haradatta says that while sprinkling water the performer shall recite the texts ' Aditi, thou hast permitted,1 see Apastamba II, 2,3, 17 note. The Ya^wavasm oblation, which follows after the Svish/akr/'t offering, is described Gobhila Gnr'hya-sutra 1, 8. 26-39.
Xxv, 10. Penances. 295
these worlds, in order to gain mastership over these worlds, (this rite must be performed.)
6. According to some, the above (described) rite
is a penance (for all hidden offences) in general, (and
they say) regarding it, 'He who may be impure, as it
were, shall offer burnt-oblations in this manner, and
shall recite sacred texts in this manner ; the fee (of
the officiating priest shall be) whatever he may
choose.'
7. He who has been guilty of cheating, of calum-
niating, of acting contrary to the rule of conduct,
of eating or drinking things forbidden, of con-
nection with a woman of the ^udra caste, of an un-
natural crime, and even of performing magic rites
with intent (to harm his enemies), shall bathe and
sprinkle himself with water, reciting the texts ad-
dressed to the Waters, or those addressed to
Varu»a, or other purificatory texts.
8. For offences committed by speaking or think-
ing of forbidden things, the five Vyahr/tis (must be
recited).
9. Or for all (offences) he may sip water, (reciting)
in the morning (the text), ' May the day and the sun
purify me ; ' and in the evening, * The night and
Vartuca.'
10. Or he may offer eight pieces of sacred fuel,
•j. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 7. The verses addressed to the Waters are, Rv. X, 9, i~3=Taitt. Sawh. IV. i, 5, i, and Taut. Sawh. V, 6, r. Regarding those addressed to Vanma, see above, XXIII, 28. As an instance of ' other purificatory texts ' Haradatla quotes Taittinya-brahmawa I, 4, 8. i.
8. Regarding the five VyShrriis, see above, I, 51.
10. Haradatta gives the following four Mantras: Devakrria- syainasovaya^anam asi svaha, ' thou art the expiation lor sin com-
296 GAUTAMA. XXVI, I.
(reciting the texts beginning) ' Devak/Vtasya.' By merely offering them he becomes free from all sin.
CHAPTER XXVI.
1. Now, therefore, we will describe three K>//£-
(or difficult penances).
2. (During three days) he shall eat at the morning- meal food fit for offerings, and fast in the evening.
3. Next, he shall eat (food fit for offerings),
during another period of three days, in the even-
ing (only).
4. Next, during another period of three days, he shall not ask anybody (for food).
5. Next, he shall fast during another period of three clays.
6. He who desires (to be purified) quickly, shall stand during the day, and sit during the night.
mitted by the gods/ svaha pitr/kr/'tasyainaso . . . sv&ha, manushya- krz'tasyainaso . . . svaha1, asmatkrztasyainaso . . . svahd. But see Va^asaneyi-sawzhita VIII, 13, where eight Mantras are given, and below, XXVII, 7.
XXVI. i. Slmavidhana I, 2, i ; Apastamba I, 9, 27, 7. Haradatta states that ata^, ' therefore/ means ' because the KrzW/ras cannot be performed if they have not been described/ while Saya»a, on the Samavidhana, asserts that it means 'because unpurified persons who are unable to offer sacrifices cannot gain heavenly bliss without performing austerities such as Kr/'/W/fcras.' It is a remark- able fact that Haradatta does not seem to have been aware that the twenty-sixth chapter of Gautama is taken bodily .from the Samavidhana.
2. Samavidhana I, 2, 2. 'Food fit for offerings, i.e. such as is not mixed with salt or pungent condiments.'
3-5. Samavidhana I, 2, 3.
6. Samavidhana I, 2, 4.
Xxvi, 12. Penances. 297
7. He shall speak the truth.
8. He shall not converse with anybody but Aryans.
9. He shall daily sing the two (Samans called) Raurava and Yaudhd^aya.
10. He shall bathe in the morning, at noon, and
in the evening, reciting the three (verses which
begin) ' For ye waters are,' and he shall dry himself
reciting the eight purificatory (verses which begin)
' The golden-coloured.'
1 1. Next (he shall offer) libations of water.
12. Adoration to him who creates self-conscious-
ness, who creates matter, who gives gifts, who de-
stroys (sin), who performs penance, to Punarvasu,
adoration.
Adoration to him who is worthy of (offerings)
7-1 1. Samavidhana I, 2, 5. Aryans, i.e. Brahrna«as, Ksha- triyas, and Vauyas. Regarding the Samans and Mantras, see notes to Burnell's edition of the Samavidhana, and above, XXV, 7. Haradatta remarks that in the Taitt. Sa»zh. (V, 6, i) the Mantras beginning ' The golden-coloured' are ten in number, and adds that ' if in some other .Sakha eight are found, those must be taken.'
12. Samavidhana I. 2, 5, where, however, only four Mantras are given instead of our thirteen. The epithets given to the deity in the Samavidhana can all be referred to the Sun, provided he is identified with the universal soul, while in the above Sutra, Rudra and Indra have been introduced. It cannot fee doubtful that the Samavidhana gives an older and more authentic form of the prayer. My translation of the epithets, which are found in the Samavidhana also, follows Sayawa's gloss. Haradatta does not explain them. About Sobhya in the twelfth Mantra, which possibly might mean, 'he who dwells in a mirage, i.e. the Sawsara,' I feel doubtful. My MSS. read somya, and the Samavidhana has saumya in the second Mantra. But I am unwilling to alter the word, as Professor Stenzler's reading may have been derived from a South-Indian MS., where bhya and myado not resemble each other so much as in the DevanSgarl characters.
298 GAUTAMA. XXVI, 13.
consisting of Mu%a grass, who is worthy of (offer-
ings of) water, who conquers wealth, to him who
conquers the universe, adoration.
Adoration to him who gives success, who gives
full success, who gives great success, to him who
carries (all undertakings) to a successful issue,
adoration.
Adoration to Rudra, the lord of cattle, the great
god, the triocular, solitary, supreme lord Hari, to
dread .Sarva, to l-arana who carries the thunderbolt,
to the fierce wearer of matted locks, adoration.
Adoration to the Sun, to Aditi's offspring, adora- tion.
Adoration to him whose neck is blue, to him whose throat is dark-blue, adoration.
Adoration to the black one, to the brown one, adoration.
Adoration to Indra, the first-born, the best, the ancient, to chaste Harike^a, adoration.
Adoration to the truthful purifier, to fire-coloured Kama, who changes his form at pleasure, adoration.
Adoration to the brilliant one, to him whose form is brilliant, adoration.
Adoration to the fierce one, to him whose form is fierce, adoration.
Adoration to Sobhya, the beautiful, the great
male, the middle male, the highest male, to the
student of the Veda, adoration.
Adoration to him who wears the moon on his forehead, to him whose garment is a skin, adoration.
13. The worship of Aditya (the sun) must be performed with the same (texts).
13-17. Sainavidh&ua I, 2, 5.
Xxvi, 25. Penances. 299
14. Offerings of clarified butter (must be made with the help of) the same (texts).
15. At the end of the period of twelve days he
shall boil rice and make offerings to the following
deities,
1 6. (Viz.) to Agni svaha, to Soma svaha, to Agni
and Soma (conjointly), to Indra and Agni (con-
jointly), to Indra, to all the gods, to Brahman, to
Pra^apati, (and) to Agni Svishfekr/t.
17. Afterwards (he must feed) Brahmawas.
1 8. By the above (rules) the AtikrM/ira. (or exceedingly difficult) penance has been explained.
19. (But when he performs that), he shall eat (only) as much as he can take at one (mouthful);
20. The third (Kri££/ira) is that where water
is the (only) food, and it is called Krz^'^rati-
kri&Mra. (or the most difficult penance).
21. He who has performed the first of these
(three) becomes pure, sanctified, and worthy (to
follow) the occupations (of his caste).
22. He who has performed the second is freed
from all sins which he commits, excepting mortal
sins (mahapataka).
23. He who has performed the third, removes all guilt.
24. Now he who performs these three K>/>/£/;ras
becomes perfect in all the Vedas, and known to all
the gods ;
