1 θνητά, ‘perishable things’ in contrast with the elements, might almost be rendered ‘ things on the earth.’
182 the First Philosophers of Greece
Neixeos ἐννεσίῃσι, ὅτι σφίσι γένναν ἔοργεν.
195 τῇδε μὸν οὖν ἰότητι τύχης πεφρόνηκεν ἅπαντα... 812
καὶ καθ’ ὅσον μὲν ἀραιότατα ξυνἔκυρσε πεσόντα.
200 rw δύο τῶν ὀκτὼ µερέων λάχε Νήστιδος αἴγλη».
τέσσαρα ὃ "Ἡφαίστοιο. τὰ δ' ὀστέα λεύκ)
ἐγένοντο
"Αρμονίης κὀλλῃσιν ἀρηρότα θεσπεσίηθεν.
ἡ δὲ χθὼν τούτοισιν ian συνέκυρσε μάλιστα 215
Ἡφαίστῳ τ) “Oppo τε καὶ Αἰθέρ παμ-
φανόωντι,
205 Κύπριδοε ὁρμισθεῖσα τελείοι» ἐν λιμένεσσιν,
sit’ ὀλίγον µε΄ζων εἴτε πλεόνεσσιν ἑλάσσων.
ἐκ τῶν αἷμά τε γέντο καὶ ἄλληε εἴδεα σαρκὀς.
195-196. Simpl. Phys. 74 ν 331, 12. 195. aF omit οὗ», 197-198. Arist. de gen. et corr. ii. 6; 333 b 1. 197. Arist. πυρὶ γὰρ αὔξει τὸ wip, corr. Karst. 198. γένος H, δέµας. 199-202. Simpl. Phys. 66 v 800, 21. 199-201. Arist. de anima i. 5; 410 a 4; and commentators on this passage. ’ 199. Simpl. aH F’ εὐτύκτοις, D and Arist. εὐστέρνοι». 200. al τὰ, DE τὰς, Diels τὼ: aF µερέων, DE µοιράων. 203-207. Simpl. Phys. 7 v32, 6. 203. 74 v, 881, 5. 205. aDE ὁρμησθεῖσα, F ὁρμισθεῖσα. 206. MS. πλέον ἑστίν, corr.
Panz. 207. af aluar’ ἐγένοντο, D αἷμα τέγεντο, E αἵματ) ἔγεντο.
208. Arist. Meteor. ἵν. 4: 989 8 1; Probl. 21, 22; 999 Ὁ 16: cf. Plut. de prim. frig. 952 B. 209. Plut. de prim. frig. 952 3.
Empedokles ‘183
195. In this way, by the good favour of Tyche, all things have power of thought.
196. And in go far as what was least dense came
together as they fell.
197. For water is increased by water, primeval fire by fire, and earth causes its own substance to increase,
and air, air.
199. And the kindly earth in its broad hollows
received two out of the eight parts of bright Nestis,
and four of MHephaistos, and they became white
bones, fitted together marvellously by the glues of
Harmony.
203. And the earth met with these in almost equal
amounts, with Hephaistos and Ombros and bright-
shining Aether (1.6. air), being anchored in the perfect
harbours of Kypris; either a little more earth, or a
little less with more of the others. From these arose
blood and various kinds of flesh.
208. . . . glueing barley-meal together with water.
209. (Water) tenacious Love.
184 the First Philosophers of Greece
210 Ei δέτί σοι περὶ τῶνδε λιπόξυλον ἔπλετο πίστι», 196
mas ὕδατον yains τε καὶ αἰθέρον ἠελίου τε
κιρναµένων χροιαί 7’ εἴδη τε γενοίατο θνητῶν
Toi’, ὅσα νῦν γεγάασι συναρμοσθέντ) ᾿Αφροδίτῃ..
215 ds δὸ τότε χθόνα Κύπριφ, ἐπεί τ) ἐδίηνεν ἓν ὄμβρφ 207
τῶν & ba’ ἔσω μὲν πυκνὰ, τὰ & ἔκτοθι pava
πέπηηε, 200
Κύπριδος ἐν παλάμῃ» πλάδης τοιῆσδε τυχόντα.
οὕτω & ᾠοτοκεῖ paxpa δένδρεα πρῶτον ἑλαίαν. 245
220 οὕνεκεν ὀψίγονοί τε σίδαι καὶ ὑπέρφλοα pra 246
olvos ὑπὸ φλοιῷ πέλεται σαπὲν ἐν ξύλφ ὕδωρ. 247
210. 219.. ΒΙπιρ]. de caelo, Peyr. p. 268: Gaisf. Poet. Min. Gr. II. xliii. Brand. Schol. Arist. 507 a. 210. Α εἰ δ᾽ ἔτι σοι, B εἶδέτι σοι, Taur. ef δέ τισι. 212. ΜΒ. εἴδη τε yevolaro χροιάστε, corr. Ritschl. 214. Athen. viii. 334 5. 215-218. Simpl. de caelo a little after 219. 218. Simpl. Phys. 74 v ο 831, 9. 215. MS. os δὲ . . . ἔπειτ), corr. Karst.: A ἑδίμνεν ἐν, B ἐδείκνυεν ἐν, Taur. ἐδείκνυεν. 216. A ἡ δέ ἀποπνέουσα, B ei δὲ ἀποπνοίουσα, Taur. ἡ δὲ ἀποπνείουσα, Panz. ἡδὺ 8° ἐπιπνείυσα, corr. Stein. 217. Phys. E πλάσης, ἃ πλάσιος, text from de caelo. 219. Arist. de gen. anim. i. 23; 73185; cf. Philop. on this passage and Theophr. de caus. oe i. 7, 1. Philop. and Arist. . . . μικρὰ . . . ἑλαία». 220. Plut. Quaest. conv. 6838 0. 221. Plut. Quaest. nat. 912 ο, 9199: ef. Arist. Top. iv. 5; 127 a 18. ΜΒ. ἀπὸ φλοιοῦ, corr. Meziriacus.
EMPEDOKLES 18d
Book II.
210. And if your faith be at all lacking in regard to
these (elements), how from water and earth and air and
sun (fire) when they are mixed, arose such colours and
forms of mortal things, as many as now have arisen under
the uniting power of Aphrodite. ...
214. How both tall trees and fishes of the sea (arose).
215. And thus then Kypris, when she had moistened
the earth with water, breathed air on it and gave it to
swift fire to be hardened.
217. And all these things which were within were
made dense, while those without were made rare,
meeting with such moisture in the hands of Kypris.
219. And thus tall trees bear fruit (lit. eggs), first of all olives.
220. Wherefore late-born pomegranates and luxu- riant apples ...
221. Wine is water that has fermented in the wood beneath the bark. -
186 the First Philosophers of Greece
εἶ γάρ κέν σφ᾿ ἀδινῇσιν ὑπὸ πραπίδεσσιν éepeicas
εὐμενέως καθαρῇσιν ἐποπτεύσῃε µελέτησιν,
ταῦτά τέ σοι pada πάντα δι ai@vos παρέσονται,
225 ἄλλα τε πὀλλ᾽ ἀπὸ τῶνδε κεκτήσεαι' αὐτὰ γὰρ
αὔξει
ταῦτ) eis 700s ἕκαστον, ὅπη pias ἐστὶν ἑκάστῳ.
εἰ δέ σύ γ ἀλλοίων ἐπορέξεαι ola κατ’ ἄνδρας
µυρία δειλὰ πέλονται, τά 7’ ἀμβλύνουσι pEpip-
yas,
tov adap ἐκλείψουσι περιπλοµένοιο χρόνοιο
230 σφῶν αὐτῶν ποθέοντα φίλην ἐπὶ γένναν ixec Oar: t
πάντα yap ἴσθι φρόνησιν ἔχειν καὶ νώματον
αἶσαν.
τοῦτο μὲν ἐν κὀγχαισι Oaraccovopors βαρυνά- τοις 220
καλχῶν κηρύκων Te λιθορρίνων χελύων τε. .
222-231. Hippolyt. Ref. haer. 251 Mill; Schneidewin, Philol. vi. p. 165.
222. MS. καὶ ἓν, corr. Mill. MS. σφαδίνησιν . . . corr. Schneid. 223. MS. ἐποπτεύειε, corr. Schneid. 224. MS. ταῦτα δὲ, corr. Schneid. 225. MS. xr... Schneid. xarepxduer’, corr. Stein. 227. MS. rdaa’ οἷῶν ἐπιρέξεις, corr. Schneid. 228. MS. δῆλα πέλονται . . . µέριμναι, Schneid. δείλ) ἁπάλαμνα . . . µερίμνα». 229. MS. σῆς, Schneid. Io’. 231. Cf. Sext. E. Math. viii. 286.
MS. of Hippol. καὶ yooparociwor.
232. Plut. Quaesé. conv. 745 p. 233-235. Plut. Quaest. conv. 618 5. 234-235, de fac. lun. 927 χ. 284. Quaest. conv. καὶ μὴ», de fac. lun. καὶ τὴν, Stein μαινῶν, Diels καλχῶ», comparing Nicander, Alexipharm. 893 and Schol. Schneid. p. 98 for the interpretation of a fish furnishing a dye. Also Arist. Hist. anim. viii. 18; 599810 πορφύραι καὶ κήρυκες, x Ἡ
| Empedokles 187
222. For if thou shalt fix them in all thy close-knit
mind and watch over them graciously with pure attention,
all these things shall surely be thine for ever, and
many others shalt thou possess from them. For these
themselves shall cause each to grow into its own cha-
racter, whatever is the nature’ of each. But if thou
shalt reach out for things of another sort, as is the
manner of men, there exist countless evils to blunt
your studious thoughts; fsoon these latter shall
cease to live as time goes on, desiring as they do to
arrive at the longed-for generation of themselves.{ For
know that all things have understanding and their
share of intelligence. 292. Favor hates Necessity, hard to endure.
238. This is in the heavy-backed shells found in the
sea, of limpets and purple-fish and stone-covered tortoises
.... there shalt thou see earth lying uppermost on
the surface.
1 φύσις here seems to mean ‘ nature,’ and not ‘ origin.’
188 the First Philosophers of Greece
ταὐτὰ Tpixes καὶ φύλλα καὶ οἰωνῶν πτερὰ πυκνὰ 223 καὶ provides γίγνονται ἐπὶ στιβαροῖσι µέλεσσιν.
αὐτὰρ ἐχίνοιφ 225 ὀξυβελεῖό χαῖται vwro.s ἐπιπεφρίκασιν.
Κύπριδοο dv παλάμῃσιν ὅτε ξὺμ πρῶτ ἐφύοντο. 229 πολυαίµατον ἧπαρ.
ᾗ πολλαὶ μὲν κόρσαι ἀναύχενες ἑβλάστησαν, 232
245 yupvol & ἑπλάζοντο βραχίονες εὔνιδες ὤμων,
ὄμματα δ᾽ olf ἐπλανᾶτο πενητεύοντα µετώπων.
τοῦτο μὲν ἐν βροτέων µελέων ἀριδείκετον ὄγκῳ. 335
ἄλλοτε μὲν Φιλότητι συνερχόμεν᾽ eis ἓν ἅπαντα
γυῖα τὸ σῶμα λέλογχε βίου θαλέθουσιν ἐν ἄκμῃ"
250 ἄλλοτε ὃ αὖτε κακῇσι διατμηθέντ ἐρίδεσσι
πλάζεται ἄνδιχ' Exacta παρὰ ῥηγμῖνι βίοιο. |
286-237. Arist. Meteor. iv. 9 387 b 4. 237. MS. λεπίδες, corr. Karst. from a gloss of Hesych. 238-239. Plut. de fort. 98 p. 238. MS. ἐχῖνος, corr. Steph. 239. MS. ὀξυβελὴς δέ re, text follows Cd. Vulc. 240-242. Simpl. de caelo, Peyr. 28; Gaisford xliii. Brand. Schol. 512a. ' The three lines are cited separately. 949. A tupxpér’, B ξυμπρώταιε, corr. Karst. 243. Plut. Quaest. conv. 688 E. 244-246. Simpl. de caelo, Peyr. 46; Gaisf. xliv. Schol. Brand. 512 a.
944. Ar. de anim. iii.6; 480 8 29; degen. απ. Ἱ. 18; 722 b 20, and com- mentators.
944. MS. ᾗ, 4, &s. 245, πολλαὶ, πολλῶν ἐμπλάζοντο.
247-253. Simpl. Phys. 258 1.
247. MS. τοῦτον μὲν ἂν . . . ὄγκον, Vulg. omits ἂν, text from
Diels. 249. MS. θαλέθοντος, corr. Karst. 253. Ald. ὀρειμελέ- ecow, corr. Schneider (cf. 438).
Empedokles 189
286. Hair and leaves and thick feathers of birds are
the same thing in origin, and reptiles’ scales, too, on
strong limbs.
238. But on hedgehogs, sharp-pointed hair bristles on their backs.
240. Out of which divine Aphrodite wrought eyes untiring.
241. Aphrodite fashioning them curiously with bonds of love.
242. When they first grew together in the hands of Aphrodite.
243. The liver well supplied with blood.
244, Where many heads grew up without necks, and
arms were wandering about naked, bereft of shoulders,
and eyes roamed about’alone with no foreheads.
247. This is indeed remarkable in the mass of human members; at one time all the limbs which form the body, united into. one by Love, grow vigorously in the prime of life; but yet at another time, separated by evil Strife, they wander each in different directions along the breakers of the sea of life. Just so it is with
190 the First Philosophers of Greece
as δ᾽ aitws θάµνοισι καὶ ἰχθύσιν ὑδρομελάθροις
θηρσί 7° ὀρειλεχέεσσιν ἰδὲ πτεροβάµοισι κύμ-
Bats.
αὐτὰρ ἐπὲὶ κατὰ μεῖζον éuloyeto δαίµονι δαίµων,
255 ταῦτά τε συµπίπτεσκον ὅπη συνέκυρσεν ἕκαστα,
ἄλλα τε πρὸς τοῖς πολλὰ διηνεκῆ ἐξεγένοντο.
πολλὰ μὲν ἀμφιπρόσωπα καὶ ἀμφίστερν ἐφύ-
οντο,
Bovyevn ἀνδρόπρωρα, τὰ δ᾽ ἔμπαλιν ἐξανέτελλον
ἀνδροφυῆ βούκρανα, peuvypéva τῇ μὲν ἀπ᾿ av-
ὁνρῶν,
260 τῇ δὲ γυναικοφυῆ, στεῖροιο ἠσκημένα γυίοις.
νῦν & dy, Saws ἀνδρῶν τε πολυκλαύτων τε γυναικῶν
ἐμμυχίουςο ὅρπηκας ἀνήγαγε κρινόµενον trip,
τῶνδε κλύ' οὐ γὰρ μῦθος ἀπόσκοπος οὐδ' ἀδαή- pov.
265 οὐλοφυεῖς μὲν πρῶτα τύποι χθονὸς ἐξανέτελλον,
ἀμφοτέρων ὕδατός τε καὶ εἴδεοο αἶσαν ἔχοντες,
Tous μὲν Tip ἀνέπεμπε θέλον πρὸς ὁμοῖον ixe-
254-256. Simpl. de caelo following 246 after a break. 254. B Taur. omit δαίµονι. 256. B Taur. ἐξεγένετο. 257-260. Aelian, hist. anim. xvi. 29. Cf. Plut. Colot. 1123 8.
257. MS. Φύεσθαι, Karst. ἐφύοντο. 258. MS. ἀνδρόπρωνα . . . ἐξανατείνειν, corr. Gronovius. 259. MS. én’, corr. Jacobs.
260. MS. σκιεροῖς, corr. Diels. 261. Plut. Coloé. 1123 s. MS. εἱλίποδα κριτόχειρα, corr. Karst. and Duebner. 262-269. Simpl. Phys. 86 v 381, 31.
263. MS. ἐννυχίους, corr. Panz. cf. Odyssey A 344 ἀπὸ σκοποῦ, which perhaps should be restored here. 266. MS. εἴδεος, Stz. οὔδεος, but cf. Simpl. 382,7. 269. EH οἵα τ’, F ot’, a otr ad,
Diels οἷόν τ’: EF γύων, 8 γῆρυ», corr. Stein.
Empedokles 191
plants! and with fishes dwelling in watery halls, and beasts whose lair is in the mountains, and birds borne
on wings.
984. But as divinity was mingled yet more with
divinity, these things kept coming together in whatever
way each might chance, and many others also in addi-
tion to these continually came into being.
257. Many creatures arose with double faces and
double breasts, offspring of oxen with human faces, and
again there sprang up children of men with oxen’s heads;
creatures, too, in which were mixed some parts from men
and some of the nature of women, furnished with sterile
members.
261. Cattle of trailing gait, with undivided hoofs.
262 But come now, hear of these things; how fire
separating caused the hidden offspring of men and
weeping women to arise, for if is no tale apart from
our subject, or witless. In the first place there sprang
up out of the earth forms grown into one whole,? having
a share of both, of water and of fire. These in truth fire
caused to grow up, desiring to reach its like; but they
1 θάμνος, ‘ bush,’ I have rendered regularly ‘ plant.’ 2 Cf. Aet. v.19; Λου. 430.
192 the First Philosophers of Greece
οὔτε τί πω µελέων ἐρατὸν δέµαε ἐμφαίνοντας, ovr’ ἐνοπὴν οἷόν τ’ ἐπιχώριον ἀνδράσι γυῖον. 255
270 ἀλλὰ διέσπασται µελέων φύσιο ἡ μὲν dv dvdpos 257 % δὲ γυναικὸς ἐν. . .
ὧν ὃ ὅτ᾽ ὀπὸς γάλα λευκὸν ἐγόμφωσεν καὶ ἔδησε. 265
280 pnvos av ὀγδοάτου δεκάτῃ πύον ἔπλετο λευκόν. 266
yvous ὅτι πάντων εἰσίν ἀπορροαὶ Sac’ ἐγένοντο. 267
ὢς αγλυκὺ μὲν γλυκὺ µάρπτε, πικρὸν δ ἐπὶ
πικρὸν ὄρουσεν, 268
ὀξὺ & ἐπ᾽ ὀξὺ ἔβη, δαλερὸν δαλερῷ ἐπόχενυεν.
270. Arist. de gen. anim. i. 18; 722b12; ibid. i.1; 764b17; and
270-271 in Philop. on this passage.
270. 2 omits ἐν. 271. Stein transposes last two words.