90 dInkajw), book viii.
and the fatigued ; and, the accoutrements being
deposited, a warm bath prepared, and relaxation of
the body effected, the reward of merit is given. 27.
Otu has to search offenders, to bring restoratives for
the unfatigued and the fatigued, to deliver the
accoutrements back to the arsenal (gan^o), to allot
the share of the hostage brought back to his own
people^ and also much else on the same subject
Chapter XXVII.
Ganabd'Sar-nigad Nask*
I. The fourth section is miscellaneous : about a
warm bath bdng in a house of what kind, the posi-
tion of security of the fireplace, the watchfulness to
be upheld there, and whatever is on the same sub-
ject. 2. About the strength that a horse has to
exert for the sake of the earth, and that which is to
be exerted in that mode for the sake of fire- 3.
About food and other matters which may be pre-
pared with fire, and the security of the fire in like
manner. 4. About fire which, even on the road, is
free from throwing away, bodily refuse ^, and dead
matter^, and from the injury and harm owing
thereto ; the various safeguards of fire from being
given to an infidel (ag-d6n6) <7r a child ; the dis-
tance of the fire from a rivulet * ; the penalty for
throwing it away, or other sin as regards it ; and the
* See Chap. XIX, 3.
' Any solid portion of a corpse, or carcase, of a human being, dog, or other animal.
' Which might extinguish it and, thereby, render the person who had charge of the fire grievously sinfuL
Chapter Xxvi, 27-Xxvii, 12. 9 1
proportion of nourishment and preparation for tiie fire in summer, and also in winter.
5. About picketing (bar& ni^istanS) a horse,
that is> how it is justifiable when it is in water and
dust, how it is so when really in very distressing
bodily refuse, and how it is so when even in bodily
refuse /Aat is tolerable. 6. About the proportion of
nourishment for mankind, fire, and cattle. 7. About
receiving a guest, the praise of liberality, and the
grandeur of the liberal, the contempt for stinginess,
and the want of the wanderer.
8. About the mode of wearing garments in a
dwelling of Maar^a-worshippers, even so far as a
bandage of four rags for protection^; the care of
them each separately, the wages of the makers and
ornamenters of each one, a?id whatever is on the
same subject 9. About having procured a street-
keeper (kfig^&n5) for the Maar^/a-worshippers, the
business of the street-keeper thereof, and whatever
is on the same subject.
10. About preparing in the summer a store for
the winter. 11. About reaping a field of com, the
A vesta ^ for the first reaping, and having consecrated
the first sheaf with the dedication (shndman) to
Atiharmasr^/ the lord. 12. About the union of those
of the good religion together, both in removing
want and in union even with infidels in that which
^ Reading vad-i^ vand-i-f 4 ldt5-i pinakih, and taking Idto as equivalent to Pers. latah. We might suppose that the phrase meant 'a belt of the four strings (rii</o) of protection,' but the number would not correspond to the three times the sacred thread- girdle passes round the waist, nor would the material of i^dh^ ' catgut,' be appropriate for the girdle.
' The scriptural formula to be recited in its original language.
g2 DtNKAlU), BOOK VIII,
is not detrimental to the religion, and whatever is
on the same subject. 13. About duty as regards
the produce of plants and animals ; first, suitable
eating ; and secondly, moderate eating and avoidance
of profusion.
1 4. About possessions which belong to the nobles,
and those which belong to the multitude ; in what
manner that which belongs to the multitude Aas to
come into the possession of the nobles ; and what-
ever is on the same subject. 15. About theenvious-
ness (zigfirlh) of the beast o/6urden,ox, and sheep,
and also 0/ people ; that is, in how many of the
multitudes, each separately, it is produced ; and
whatever is on the same subject. 16. And also
much other adjudication and information on similar
intelligence.
1 7. Perfect is the excellence of righteousness.
Chapter XXVIII.
I. One section of the Jirsi thirty of the H(lsp4-
ram ^ is the Afirpatist^n « {;; priest code '), particulars
about a case where one has to provide for a priestly
assembly (a^rpatistfin), which is a birth ; how thp
case is when it is important to go, how it is when one
* Corresponding to the seventeenth word, i, in the Ahunavair, according to B. P. Riv. ; and it is the seventeenth Nask in all Riv&yats, This name should probably be Avisp-kharam, mean- ing * free from all defect ; ' but it is called Hiispirdm, AspSram, or Aspdrftm in the RivSyats, which also state that it contained sixty- four, or sixty, kardah or subdivisions. The former number agrees with the total of the sections mentioned in Chaps. XXVIII, XXXII, XXXVI.
• A considerable portion of this section is still extant, combined with a larger portion of the next section, the NJrangist&n, whose name is applied to the whole text.
Chapter Xxvii, I3-Xxviii, 8. 93
Stays at his own house, and hoV it is when // is not
allowable to go ; also deciding about the chief priest
(a^rpatft), and the proportion of priests (isrClkd)
who are superior, of those who are intermediate,
and ^ those who are inferior in the estimation of
the wisdom of the righteous. 2. About the priest
whom one is sending, and the wayfaring garments
and appliances which are to be given to him.
3. About the disciple, as reverent towards the
chief priest ; the labour in receiving the sacred words
and teaching them to the disciple ; the advice of the
chief priest to the priests ; and the muttered phrases
at the time of contamination by dead matter. 4.
About what priest — on the arrival of a priest back
at the district from which one sends him — is to be
appointed, as priest for the district from which he
came, by the district governor and those of the
district, for teaching and instruction in the district.
5. About which are those reckoned as the five
dispositions "^ of a priest that are the glorification of
the priest's statements of the hi^^from the first of
his statements in succession unto the last, and what-
ever is on the same subject.
6. About the subjects regarding which a priest of
concealed parentage is to be asked, with the prelude
and sequel of the same subject. 7. About the
bridge penalty^ of a priest through sinfulness, in a
separate fargar^^ 8. About a priest they may
carry away from a district, owing to anxiety for
forming a priestly assembly, who becomes worried
in forming it.
» See Bd. XIX, 36 n. • See Chap. XX, 63.
• See Chap. I, 20.
94 DfNKAJy), BOOK VIJI.
9. About the superiority of priests in means of
knowledge, one as regards another; the extent of
superiority through which the greater suitability for
authority, of one as regards another ^ arises ; and
whatever is on the same subject.
Chapter XXIX.
HUspdram Nask.
I. One section is the Nlrangistdn (^ritual code'),
particulars about the ritual of the ceremonial of the
sacred beings, that which is important and goes to
the bridge of judgment^ ; the exceeding meritorious-
ness owing to an ample number of Rdspls^ in the cere-
monial ; and, as to the Avesta, the Z6ti and Rispt
are both for various phrases, those which are for
the speaking of the one are for the hearing of the
other. 2. About the sacred cake *, and whatever
is on the same subject. 3. About abstaining from
the drinking of wines at the same time as the
ceremonial. 4. About the quality (sfim&n) of the
voice in redting the Avesta in a ceremonial, and the
* Reading sa^&ktarih-t a6vak6 min tan€ pavan patih, but there are only faint traces of the third, fourth, and fifth words, as the decayed folio of the manuscript has been patched, and the repairer forgot to record the missing words at the time he did his work. His marginal note refers to a defect in the next line of the manuscript.
* The Kmvzd bridge, at which the departed soul is believed to give a full account of its actions during life (see Chap. XIV, 8).
' See Chap. VII, 5.
* The dr6n, or sacred cake, is a small pancake which is con- secrated in the ceremonies, and dedicated to some particular spirit by means of a shn(iman, or propitiatory dedication (see Sis. Ill, 32). It is tasted by the priests and by the participators in certain ceremonies (see Haug's Essays, pp. 396, 404, 408).
Chapter Xxviii, 9-Xxix, 14, 95
Avesta which is twice recited and thrice or four
times recited. 5. About the ceremonial, and the
conducting of that ceremonial whose Zdti, or R4spt,
is a Tan&p(khar sinner ^. 6. About the Zdti duty of
a woman* or child, 7. About a decision as re-
gards him who is cursed by the Mas^a-worshipping
religion.
8. About the sin of him who does not solemnize
a season-festival *, and how the case is when it is
solemnized by him. 9. About the limits of the five
periods * ^the day and night, and the ceremonies of
the same periods. 10. About the kinds of pecu-
liarity of the things for the season-festivals and
other good works produced authorisedly.
1 1. About the quantity of holy-water which is due
to one sheep '^, the inspection and consideration in
providing the sheep, the freedom from sickness due
to contamination and other defects even in a lawful
place, and the exemption from the appliances and
attacks of noxious creatures ; the ritual for making
//•, and deciding about the maker, producer, and
carrier, the taster and the giver to him. 1 2. The
reason of the slaughter, ^^ whatever is on the same
subject.
13. About the position and duty of the Z6ti and
RAspls in the ceremonial. 14. About the perfect
ceremonial, the gift to a righteous man who has
^ See Chap. XX, 65. ■ See Sis. X, 35.
' See Chap. VII, i.
* These periods, or watches, are from dawn till noon, noon till 3 P.M., 3 P.M. till dusk, dusk till midnight, and midnight till dawn.
' When slaughtered to provide the necessary meat-oflferings (see Sis. XI, 4-6).
• The holy-water apparently.
96 d}nKAI2D, book VIII.
become a teacher and exzminer ^ the wisdom of the righteous, and whatever is on the same subjects.
15. About the sacred shirt and ^Aread-girdlCy that
is, from what it is proper io make them, ^r»// whatever
is on the same subjects. 16. About gathering and
tying the sacred twigs, and on the same subject.
17. About the proportion of firewood in various
parts of the ceremonial, and the mode of bringing it
forward ; that for the household fire, and the priestly
fire of Bahirslm (Varahrin).
18. About a cejemonial amid great opulence, that
which is amid medium opulence, that which is amid
little opulence, and a decision as regards want of
opulence. 19. About always celebrating the cere-
monies of the sacred beings for that which has
occurred, and not neglecting t/iem in any way. 20.
About the cases where mankind observantly, and
also unobservantly, celebrate the ceremonies of the
sacred beings ; that is, which is he who observantly
and he who unobservantly does so ; with advice about
observantly celebrating the ceremonies of the sacred
beings.
2 1 . About the cleanliness of the body and clothing
of the celebrator of the ceremony, the assurance
of his mind from sin, the ablution of the apparatus
of the place of the exalted (vulandinlh), the clean-
liness of the place of the ceremonial, the distance
therefrom for any degree of manifest pollution and
stench, and whatever is on the same subject.
22. About the ceremonial of the waters and their
creatures, the vigour ^ of healthfulness, the posses-
sion of the brilliancy of heaven, the bountifulness of
* Or it may be ' holy-water.'
Chapter Xxix, I5-Xxx, 2. 97
the Spirit of the waters, and whatever is on the same
subject 23. About the celebration of a ceremonial,
which is an ordinance of duties for the sake of a
happy state of gladness (kh(lp parkdnlh) and happy
consequences ; and also many other statements on
the same subject 24. About the ceremonial as pro-
per and improper, beneficial and not beneficial.
25. About the families of ZaratArt, Hv6v^ and
Vi.ft^p, as regards the account (aiishmiHri^nd) and
ceremonial of the religion and their nature.
Chapter XXX.
HUspdram Nask.
I. One section is the G6hartkist4n {^quality
code')y particulars about natural superiority; not the
modified (gai'takS), but the lawful, approved ^, and
specific state of superiority; not acquired by the
slender power ^ of the world, but by seeking virtuous
living through causing the prosperity of every per-
f son ; also the authorisation of superiority, and the
proportion of advantage therein. 2. About a
superiority unimpoverished (anyfir6zd), with one
unimpoverished with a nature unspent(an-aAr{llzd),
with one unspent with an impoverished (nyArAzd),
and one impoverished with an impoverished; also
the extent of impoverishment and non-impoverish-
ment, that is, with whom it is not customarily of much
