^ An ancestor of several persons mentioned in the Avesta, in- cluding the two brothers, (rdmdsp the prime minister of king Virt^p, and Frashd^tar the father-in-law of ZaratCLrt.
' Assuming that pa^andak stands for pas an dak; otherwise, we may read pishontk, 'provided/
' Reading tang-karih, but it may be tund-karth, 'the severe labour/
98 dInkard, book viii,
consequence (pavan freh-ar'^6), with whom it is so
customarily, and with whom, owing to an exception, it
is not customarily of much consequence on account of
its much consequence for an uninformed person, that
is, with whom it is as it were proper with a servant
of sin. 3. And superiority is a furtherance of living
beings, and pervades the natural extent thereof.
4. About him who would sell property not his
own, and him who would buy it. 5. About selling
a sheep frequenting the house, and one not fre-
quenting the house. 6. About various precautions
as to samples of various things. 7. About selling
beasts of burden, cattle, slaves, servants, and other
property, of the nature of whose species one is aware
through speaking about the nature of different
species ; and the retribution for the sin of whatever
is on the same subject. 8. That which is an obvious
agreement for selling with defects ^ when it is de-
clared of beasts of burden; and that which is ever
defective on selling.
9. About a house in which a person, or dog, has
passed away through contagious sickness, and the
clothing which the man wore owing to that sickness ;
that is, how it is when spoiled for selling for three
years, how it is when it is so for two years, and how it
is when it is so for one year. 10. About a house in
which a person, or dog, has reposed in a contagious
sickness, and not passed away after his descent there-
from ; and the clothing which the man wore in that
sickness ; that is, how it is when spoiled for selling
for two years, how it is when it is so for one year,
and how it is when it is so for thirty nights ; and
whatever is on the same subject
* That is, without a warranty.
Chapter Xxx, 3-Xxxi, 5. 99
II. About forming a family (gdharlk kar^/an6)
with foreigners, that is, how it is when allowable.
12. About a sheep of good breed for the three
nights ^ aftd its slaughter after the three nights ;
likewise many other decisions as regards superiority
and sheep of a good breed.
Chapter XXXI. HUspdram Nask.
I. A miscellaneous section is about taking any-
thing which is not one's own at the time when he
does not think that they see him and they do see
him, at the time when he thinks that they see him
and they do not see him, and at the time when he
thinks that they see him and they do see him. 2.
About giving righteous instruction, that is, what
happens, and how, at the titne when the follower ^
asks again. 3. About the sin of imprisoning the
needy, exalting falsehood, and approving deceit.
4. About the action and command which diminish,
or alter, a liberal gift to any one. 5. About the
limit of the open-handedness ^ a wife who should be
privileged, a«^/ who is reverent towards A^r husband,
out of anything that has not reached the husband ;
how it is when the husband is foolish, how it is when
// is legally, how when derived from what is legally
property, and how about that which is unspent
savings (anyArAzd iabun) ; also the limit of the
reverence of a wife for a husband, and whatever is
on the same subject
^ The three nights after a death ; the sheep is to be slaughtered on the fourth day, including the day of death (see Sis. XVII, 2-5). • See Chap. XXII, 6 n.
lOO DtNKA/2D, BOOK VIII.
6. About causing the conveyance of a maiden
from the house of her fathers, or guardians, to the
village of her husband, to hold the position of house-
mistress of the husband ; of the wife when she
becomes reverent and propitiatory towards him, and
admonishing Iter when she speaks thus : ' I am thy
wife, but I Tvill not perform a wife s duties for thee ; '
also the quarrelling of a husband with his wife, and
carrying it on to the bridge of judgment.
7. About the blood on a woman who wants wash-
ing, and the bridge penalty upon him who has
sexual intercourse with a woman who wants washing,
with her who is a foreigner, or any other of those
not authorisedly yj^r intercourse; the confusion of
germs by the woman who grants intercourse to
foreigners, and other sin which they may commit
about like matters. 8. About a wife claimed from
foreigners ; that is, how it is when allowable.
9. About the preparation of a wife for the control
of a son, the period for it ^ndfor suckling, and the
wish for a son which is present with a husband. 10.
About the sin of a man owing to rejecting the con-
trolling of his son by a sister or grown-up daughter.
11. About three things through which mankind
become sinful and injuring their own property, and
the possession of them is not to be taken away.
1 2. About those who may not inflict lawful chastise- ment with oppressive demeanour.
13. About that which a man is to be made to
provide in feasting and gifts, for his store of good
works, on his wife bringing forth. 14. How it is
when he is a man of wisdom, and how it is when he
is a disciple ; how it is when it is a male birth, and
how it is when it is a female. 1 5. The advantage
CHAPTER XXXI, 6-22. lOI
and benefit therefrom; the religious announcement
of a name for the new-horny should it be a male, or
should it be a female ; the good work owing to the
decision of a religious appointment of a name for
the progeny, [and the sin] * owing to giving again
to it a name of the idolators (d6v!yast&n).
1 6. About the ritual and usage in admitting the
male to a sheep, owing to which the male is a
gratifier of the impregnated female nature, and a
protection 0/ the female nature ; and the want of
training ^r«^. freedom from defect of the progeny; a
proper condition of the flock, too, arises likewise
through worshipping the sacred beings and provid-
ing the sacred feast ; also adoui the shepherd's dog
and the blessing for him. 1 7. About the regard of
the shepherd for the breeding 0/ the sheep. 18.
About' the work of the ceremonial and of providing
the sacred feast, and the advantage for the sheep
from the same cause. 19. About the Mas'^a- wor-
shipping district-breeding ^the dogs in a district,
through providing careful nurture /or the dogs,
which is a good work owing to the same cause.
20. About the object of psyment /or teaching the
Z6ti duty, /or the guardianship of the fire, /or the
publication and watching of worship, and /or other
labour, and whatever is on the same subject.
21. About the lawful guardianship of a child, the
child who is lamp-light and the father who is the
fire, and whatever is on the same subject. 22.
About sickness owing to the look of an evil eye, or
the vicinity of a menstruous woman, because those
* Here, again, the repairer of the manuscript has forgotten to note the words in brackets which he had cut out of the folio before patching it.
102 DiNKAlU), BOOK VIIL
with an evil eye, or menstruous, are thereby harm-
ful. 23. About what is the kind of watching for the
admitters of fear; the fearful and whatever is on
the same subject. 24. And that in case of descend-
ing from a house on the outside.
25. About lawful arrangements for supplies, in
union and assistance one towards the other ; about
payment for the labour in the lawful arrangement ;
and whatever is on the same subject 26. About
the produce of property for the multitude, and that
also for ones own association; that is, how it is
when taking it authorisedly, and how it is when not
doing so; and whatever is on the same subject
27. The special generosity of judges in conveying
property back to its owners ; the advantage from
just judges, and the harm from unjust sentencing
and false decisions. 28. So, also, the advantage
from truly demanding, truly answering, and assisting
the just ; the enmity and harm from falsely demand-
ing, falsely investigating, and assisting a false de-
mander and false investigation ; but not the enmity
and secret harm of a complaint of the wretched.
29. Advice to judges about just decision and ab-
stinence from false decision; and, secondly, the
reward of their just decision, and the awful bridge
judgment of false decision ; the accountability in the
spiritual existence in the case of judges, the praise of
truth and contempt of falsity, the gratification of the
sacred beings and vexation of the demons from just
judgment and turning away from false decision, and
whatever is on the same subject
30. About what place the appointment by A6har- xadiZd in the original creation brought the corn to \
^ According to Bd. X, i, XIV, i, XXVII, 2, fifty-five species of
Chapter Xxxi, 23-^39. I03
which arrived for use in the nourishment and assist-
ance of mankind and animals ; the sowing of com
from the bodies of Mashya and Mashydt ^ ; and
whatever is on the same subject. 31. About the
labour in sowing and cultivating corn, and whatever
is in the business of agriculturists ; perseverance in
agriculture, and the limit of its allotment, owing to
suitable participation and inevitable participation in
agriculture; whatever is about the shepherd and
whatever is about the agriculturist, and the adjudi*
cation between them« 32. About the corn which is
sown, that which is reaped, that which is for an
increase (pa van nad-aS), and that which is for
other things.
33. About the excitement of any one, owing to his
blood. 34. About those kinds of ownership of land
a«^ other things that are best 35. About him who
sees some one conducting water for cultivation, when
the person unauthorisedly sows the land of the
observer who does not dispute about it with fearless-
ness and effectual resistance. 36. About the selling
of supplies granted, which may be done in hunger,
nakedness, and fear ; and whatever is on the same
subject,
37. About the supremacy <?/'sin, both that which
arises on the spot, and that at a distance (pa van
h&sar) ; and whatever is on the same subject. 38.
About the atonableness of every sin, and the bridge
jvdgment for destroying a righteous man^ for witch-
craft, ^vA for carrying evil (aglh) to fire and water.
39. About atonement for the sin of Yit, Bi^t,
grain sprang up originally where the primeval ox passed away; a statement which does not agree with that hinted at in this section. 1 See Chap. XIII, i.
104 dInkaiu), book VIII.
Kh6r, AredAi", Avdlrirt, Agfirept^, and giving no
food, through giving of scars (pi^an^-das)^ labour,
and punishment; the kinds of horse-whip and
scourge, and how the penitential effect of both arises.
40. When a sinner dies outright on account of the
penalty of giving of scars, or the performance of the
labour, or the exertion of effecting the penance of
punishment, and when a man has died penitent, but
incapable of a desire * for the retribution of sin, and
has not atoned in the worldly existence, what the
nature of his soul's helplessness Is, owing to sin.
41. About those for whom there Is no retribution for sin.
