Process and Reality (Gifford Lectures, 1929) — Alfred North Whitehead

Thus the consequent nature of God is composed of a multiplicity of elements with individual self-realization. It is just as much a multiplicity as it is a unity; it is just as much one immediate fact as it is an unresting advance beyond itself. Thus the actuality of God must also be understood as a multiplicity of actual components in process of creation. This is God in his function of the kingdom of heaven.

Each actuality in the temporal world has its reception into God’s nature. The corresponding element in God’s nature is not temporal actuality, but is the transmutation of that temporal actuality into a living, ever-present fact. An enduring personality in the temporal world is a route of occasions in which the successors with some peculiar completeness sum up their predecessors. The correlate fact in God’s nature is an even more complete unity of life in a chain of elements for which succession does not mean loss of immediate unison. This element in God’s nature inherits from the temporal counterpart

532 Process and Reality

according to the same principle as in the temporal world
the future inherits from the past. Thus in the sense in
which the present occasion is the person now, and yet
with his own past, so the counterpart in God is that
person in God.

But the principle of universal relativity is not to be stopped at the consequent nature of God. This nature itself passes into the temporal world according to its gradation of relevance to the various concrescent occa- sions. There are thus four creative phases in which the universe accomplishes its actuality. There is first the phase of conceptual origination, deficient in actuality, but infinite in its adjustment of valuation. Secondly, there is the temporal phase of physical origination, with its multiplicity of actualities. In this phase full actuality is attained; but there is deficiency in the solidarity of individuals with each other. This phase derives its determinate conditions from the first phase. Thirdly, there is the phase of perfected actuality, in which the many are one everlastingly, without the qualification of any loss either of individual identity or of completeness of unity. In everlastingness, immediacy is reconciled with objective immortality. This phase derives the con- ditions of its being from the two antecedent phases. In the fourth phase, the creative action completes itself. For the perfected actuality passes back into the temporal world, and qualifies this world so that each temporal actuality includes it as an immediate fact of relevant experience. For the kingdom of heaven is with us today. The action of the fourth phase is the love of God for the world. It is the particular providence for particular occasions. What is done in the world is transformed into a reality in heaven, and the reality in heaven passes back into the world. By reason of this reciprocal relation, the love in the world passes into the love in heaven, and floods back again into the world. In this sense,

God is the great companion—the fellow-sufferer who understands.

God and the World 533

We find here the final application of the doctrine of objective immortality. Throughout the perishing occa- sions in the life of each temporal Creature, the inward source of distaste or of refreshment, the judge arising out of the very nature of things, redeemer or goddess of mis- chief, is the transformation of Itself, everlasting in the Being of God. In this way, the insistent craving is justi- fied—the insistent craving that zest for existence be refreshed by the ever-present, unfading importance of our immediate actions, which perish and yet live for evermore,

Index

Index of Proper Names

Alexander, S., 42, 65

Aquinas, Thomas, 16, 166

Aristotle, v, 16, 32, 45, 63, 79, 80,
81, 93, 128, 147, 209, 239, 241, 319,
507, 520, 522

Augustine, 21

Bacon, Francis, 7, 21

Bentley, 148

Bergson, vii, 49, 65, 174, 319, 336, 428, 489

Berkeley, 16, 497

Bixler, Professor 4 rae

Bradley, vii, vili, 69, 289, 304, 349

Carr, Professor Wildon, 65
Carson, Wi eed, S22
Cayley, Arthur, 149, 505, 507

de Laguna, Professor T., 440, 454

Democritus, 146, 471

Descartes, v, 1x, 9, 10, 16, 29, 63-
65, 76-86, 97, 107, 112, 116-126,
140, 186, 196, 198, 206-209, 218-
233, 239-243, 260, 263, 289, 319,
335, 365, 371, 441, 471, 495, 496,

Dewey, John, vii

Euclid, 97, 460 Ezekiel, 131

Freud, 48 Galileo, ix, 75

Haldane, Elizabeth, 65n

Heath, Sir T. L., 460, 461

Hegel, 16

Henderson, Professor L. J., 136

Heraclitus, 318, 471

Hume, v, vi, 16, 63, 64, 76-80, 84, 87, 39, 114, 125, 127, 129, 132-

James, William, vii, 78, 105, 106 Jebb, Sir Richard, 143

Jowett, 126

Justinian, 519

vi, 16, 44, 63, 79, 111, 112,
; 135, 140, 172, 173, 187, 198,
, 212, 218-237, 238, 239, 263,
270, 289, 320, 328, 371, 379,

Kemp Smith, Professor Norman,
185, 328
Keynes, J. Maynard, 314

Leibniz, 16, 29, 40, 47, 76, 124, 289, 384

Locke, v, vi, ix, 16, 28, 29, 37, 43,
63, 65, 77-94, 114, 116, 118, 123,
126, 140, 173, 178, 187, 196, 198-
216, 218-229, 238-244, 263, 286,
299, 320, 324, 335, 348, 363, 370,
371, 408, 409, 418, 480, 496

Lucretius, 146

Maxmiiller, 235
Maxwell, 139, 474
Michelangelo, 513

Mill, John Stuart, 17, 18
Milton, 146
Motte, Andrew, 109

Newton, vi, ix, 15, 109, 110, 111,
112, 113, 114, 118, 119, 123, 124,
125, 126, 140, 142, 143, 144, 145,
146, 319, 471

Northrop, Professor F. S. C., 508

Nunn, Professor T. P., vil

Plato, v, ix, 11, 16, 63, 67, 68, 70,

538 Index of Proper Names

Ross, Professor W. D., 79, 522 Russell, Bertrand, lin’

Santayana, 77, 85, 215, 216, 231,

Sheffer, Professor H. M., 225
Spinoza, 10, 11, 16, 76, "114, 125,
135, 228, 378

Taylor, Professor A. E., 67, 68, 126 Tennyson, 169

von Staudt, 505, 507
Weierstrass, 500
Whewell, 17, 18
Wordsworth, 212

Zeno, 53, 105, 106, 107, 468

Abruptness, 280, 284, 287

Absolute idealism, viii, 11, 178,

Abstract essence, 93

Abstraction, 30, 42, 222, 253, 321, 337, 352, 353, 359, 364, 388, 517

Abstraction, extensive, 148, 454-

Abstractive set, 454-508

Acceleration, 155, 488

Actual entity, viii, 27-94, 113, 119, 287, 309

Actual world, 34, 37, 42, 102, 117- 126, 147, 196, 293, 345, 351, 519-

Adversion, 35, 48, 280, 388, 406,

Affirmation, 291

Affirmation-negation contrast, 36, 372, 391, 399, 407

Aim, 339, 355, 381

Animal bodies, 157-159, 161-165,
180-182, 193, 257, 258, 271, 376,
480, 516

Animal faith, 215, 231

Any, 393

Appetition, 47, 49, 118, 128, 155,
160, 227, 280, 315, 323, 481, 518,
527-529

Arithmetic, 301, 303

Art, 483, 531

Association (geometrical elements, abstractive sets), 456

Até, 373, 533

Atomism, 29, 53, 95, 104, 178, 188, 213, 359, 365, 471

Attention, 250, 416

Attribute, 441, 471

Authentic feeling, 400-403

Autonomy, 373, 374, 380

Aversion, 35, 48, 280, 388, 406, 422

Axiomatic certainties, 19

Balance, 424-426

Becoming, 35, 71, 101, 107, 124, 207, 252, 356, 392

Behaviour, 144

Being, 34, 71, 101, 356
Belief, 284, 408, 409, 416
Bifurcation, 443, 444

Canalization, 163, 164, 196, 270

Capacity, 366, 367

Catalytic agent, 162, 420

Categories, 30, 340-428, 364-390,

Causal efficacy, 125, 126, 177, 184, 189, 246, 255-279, 361, 486, 488

Causal feeling, 267, 361, 365

Causal objectification, 91, 100

Causation, 28, 29, 36, 75, 124, 128, 253, 266, 269, 361, 365, 516

Cause, 213, 361, 363

Cell, 334, 335, 347

Certainty, 409

Change, 44, 52, 92, 114, 120, 123, 206, 207, 365

Chaos, 112, 142, 146, 169, 171, 318,

Class, 348

Coalescence, 39, 344

Cogitation, 29

Coherence, 4, 5, 9, 290, 291, 392

Coincidence, 501-508

Comparative feelings, 222, 249-252, 388, 406-428

Compatible, 353, 362, 364, 377, 419

Completion, 321, 322, 327, 346, 443, 494, 523-530

Conceptual prehensions (feelings),
35, 48, 49, 134, 161, 176, 248, 249,
280, 325, 342, 348, 355, 365, 366,
376, 377, 382, 522, 523

Conceptual reversion, category of,
39, 376, 377, 380, 382, 389, 390,
406-428

Conceptual valuation, 39, 343, 376- 379, 406-428

Concrescence, 33, 232, 320, 321, 336,

Concreteness, 129, 433

Conformal feelings (responsive
feeling), 173, 176-178, 246, 249,
250, 261, 273, 320

Conformal propositions, 284, 285,

Conformation, 364, 369, 527
Congruence, 501-508
Connection (external), 453
Conscious imagination, 419
Conscious perceptions, 406-428
Consciousness, 22, 35, 37, 83, 88,
1302 167,211 214, 245, 246, 256,
263, 267, 281, 286, 296, 326, 350,
355, 362, 369-372, 378, 391, 396,
399, 406-428, 470, 524
Contemporary actualities, 95, 97,
99, 102, 125, 185, 188, 192, 193,
257, 260, 264, 484, 485, 486
Contiguity (actual occasions), 468
Continuity, 53, 96, 365

Contrast, 33, 36, 128, 145, 165, 167,
170, 174, 175, 245, 250, 251, 285,
286, 293, 341, 349, 350, 372, 377,
381, 382-390, 407-428, 437, 525,

Coordinate division, 96, 247, 337,

433-508 Coordinates, 506

Corpuscular society, 52, 112, 141,

151, 158, 161 Correct judgments, 291, 294, 303

Correspondence theory of truth,

Cosmic epoch, 53, 128, 139, 146, 148, 171, 178, 182, 247, 300, 303,

Cosmology, vii, 168, 195, 237, 254,

365, 444, 471, 481, 492, 518, 529
Counting, 499
Cover (of abstractive sets), 454
Creative advance, ix, 52, 161, 196,
287, 340, 396, 423, ‘443, 522, 524,

Creativity, 11, 30, 31, 46, 130, 135,

197, 249, 324, 339, 528 Creator, 343

Creature, 30, 33, 47, 124, 344, 347,

Cumulation (temporal), 363, 365

Datum, 35, 97, 101, 112, 123, 131,
136, 168, 173-178, 180, 183, 216,
227, 230, 238, 242, 243, 248 249,

Deficiency, 50, 161, 176, 521, 524,

WATE characteristic, 51, 137, 138,

Deaichos 30, 32, 38, 44, 63, 72 Derivative judgments, 292

Index of

Terms

Determination, 34, 38, 228, 336, 367, 368

Dimensions, 140, 442

Dipolarity, 54, 72, 165, 366, 373, 423, 524

Direct authentic feeling, 401

Dissection, 452

Diversity, 31, 251, 292, 348, 425,

Division, 28, 35, 96, 103, 108, 124,
171, 247, 347, 364
Dogmatism, 11
Dual relation, 295
Duration, 190-195, 440, 487-492
Dynamic effort, 530

Efficient cause, 129, 134, 159, 178, 228, 271, 286, 290, 320, 327, 374,

Electromagnetic occasions, 150

Electromagnetic society, the, 150

Elimination, 35, 321, 338, 346, 353, 368, 388, 394, 398, 422-424, 483,

Elliptic geometry, 504, 505

Emergent evolution, 349

Eminently, 519-528

Emotion, 28, 35, 49, 175, 214, 246- 252, 271, 278, 324, 346, 417-420,

Emphasis (cf. Intensive emphasis)

Empiricism, 391

Empty space, 157-167, 516

End, 339, 531

Endurance, 206, 381, 426, 471

Endurance, undifferentiated, 120, 121, 285

Enduring object, 50, 52, 112, 151- 167, 182, 196, 421

Energy, 177, 178, 365, 389

Entity, 45, 68, 392

Envisagement, 70

Epiphenomenal, 447

Epochal theory of time, 105, 434

Equivalent abstractive sets, 455

Error, 284, 287, 387, 390, 410-414

Essence, 37, 65, 70, 84, 251

Eternal objects, 32, 35, 38, 63, 66, We 72, 76, 82, 131, 280, 346, 364,

Eternal objects, objective and sub- jective species, 445-447

Euclidean geometry, 504, 505

Evenly, 460, 468

Event, 113, 124, 352

Everlasting, 524-533

Evil, 517

Ex absurdo proofs, viii, 12

Exclusiveness, 68-71, 367, 417, 528

Existence, categories of, 30

Experience, 81, 207, 216, 220, 221,
227, 230, 231, 235-238, 242, 246,
252, 253, 266, 408

Explanation, categories of, 30, 252

Extension, 441

Extensive abstraction, 148, 454-508

Extensive connection, 140, 148, 337, 365, 440-508

Extensive continuum, 53, 95, 97, 103, 118, 124, 253, 257, 313, 438-

Extensive quantity, 148, 507, 508

Extensive quantum, 434, 435

Extensive society, the, 148

Fact, efficacious, 199, 245, 336, 341,

Fatigue (tedium), 365, 515

Feeling, 35, 65, 88, 125, 181, 134,
136, 196, 206, 233, 249, 268, 284,
287, 334-428

Final cause, 128, 129, 159, 281, 320, 339, 340, 423

Finite truth, 337

Flat loci, 440, 448, 457, 460-508

uae space (three-dimensional),

Fluency and permanence, 74, 317- 328, 471, 518-533

Focal region of a strain, 476-508

Force and vivacity, 205, 213, 224, 380, 411

Formaliter (formal), 44, 72, 81,
118, 128, 129, 144, 196, 248, 268,
327, 335, 336, 346

Form, 44, 69, 70, 178, 196, 387

Freedom, 41, 74, 75, 202, 255, 524

Function, 38

Future, the, 188, 255-258, 271, 327, 328, 352, 424, 428, 487, 532

General principle, 295, 296

General propositions, 282, 283

Generalization (generality), 8; 15,

Genetic division, 335-428, 433

Geometric society, 148, 149

Geometrical element, 455

Geometry, 458

Givenness, 67-71, 74, 125, 127, 134, 140, 196, 202, 215, 260, 336

God, 11, 134, 135, 160, 168, 248,
289, 343, 374, 377, 434, 481, 518,
519-533

God as principle of concretion, 374

God, consequent nature of, 19, 46, 134, 352, 523-533

God, primordial nature of, 46, 48,
50, 70, 73, 75, 104, 134, 160, 164,
315, 521-533

Ground for non-statistical proba- bility, 314-316

Ground for statistical comparison, 306-316

Habit, 213, 266

Harmony (pre-established, sub-
jective), 40, 41, 155, 167, 170,
171, 338, 342, 353, 389, 517, 526,

Hierarchy of societies, 293

History, 74, 75, 254

How, 338, 372

Hume’s principle, 381, 382, 398

Hybrid prehensions (feelings), 163, 343, 375, 376, 377, 469

Hyperbolic geometry, 504, 505

Ideas, 29, 37, 70, 83, 118, 222, 254 Identity, 32, 251, 286, 292, 377,

Idolatry, 520

Imagination, 26 175, 201, 245, 374,

Imaginative feeling, 285, 397-405, 412-428

Imaginative rationalization, 7

Immanence, 169, 248, 336, 367, 528

Immediacy, 38, 130, 206, 234, 235, 247, 532

Impartial relevance, 383-390, 399

Impetus, 507

Impressions, 172, 230, 238, 242, 370, 479, 480

Impure prehensions, 49, 99, 245