An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. I: Sutrasthanam — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1907)

Now we shall discuss the Chapter which deals with General Explanations (Prabha'Saniyamadhyaryam).

The endeavours of a man who has studied the entire Ayurveda (shastra) but fails to make a clear exposition of the same, are vain like the efforts of an ass that carries a load of sandal wood (without ever being able to enjoy its pleasing scent).

Authoritative verse on the subject : — A foolish person who has gone through a large number of books without gaining any real insight into the knowledge propounded therein, is like an ass laden with logs of sandal-wood, that labours under the weight which it carries without being able to appreciate its virtue.

Hence the preceptor will clearly explain each shioka or a half or a quarter part thereof as contained in the present work, divided into a hundred and twenty chapters (as well as in the concluding portion of the Uttara-Tantram appended to it) ; and the student or the disciple shall attentively hear everything explained or discoursed on by the preceptor. Since it is extremely difficult to classify drugs, ta^te, virtue (Guna), potency (Virya), transform at ory or reactionary effect

34 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [ Chap. IV.

(Vipaka), fundamental bodily principles i Dhatu) bodily excrement (Mala), hollow viscera ( Ashaya), vital parts cMarma\ veins (Sira), nerves (Snayu), joints (Sandhi), bones (Asthi; and the fecundating principles of semen and ovum, and to extricate any foreign matter lodged in an ulcer), or to ascertain the nature and position of ulcers or fractures, or the palliative, curable or incurable nature of a disease, etc. ; and since these subjects perplex even the profoundest intellects though a thousand times discussed and pondered over, not to speak of men of comparatively smaller intellectual capacity, hence it is imperatively obligatory on a pupil or a disciple to attentively hear the exposition of each shloka^ or a half or a quarter part thereof, made by the preceptor (while studying the science of medicine).

For explanations of truths and principles quoted from other branches of (science or philosophy) and incidentally discussed in the present work, the student is referred to expositions made by the masters fof those sciences or philosophies;, since it is impossible to deal with all branches of science, etc. in a single book (and within so short a compassX

Authoritative verses on the subject: — By the study of a single Shastra, a man can never catch the true import of this ( Science of Medicine). Therefore a physician should study as many allied branches of (science or philosophy) as possible. The

Chap. IV. ] SUTRASTHANAM.

p. 35

physician who studies the Science of Medicine from the h"ps of his preceptor, and practises medicine after having acquired experience in his art by constant practice, is the true physician, while any other map dabbling in tne art, should be looked upon as an impostor.

The Shalya-Tantras (surgical works) written or propagated by Aupadhenava, Aurabhra, Sushruta and Paushkalavata, are the bases of the works or Tantras written by others {^Karavirya, Gopura-rakshita, etc, i.

Thus ends the fourth chapter of the Sutrasthanam in the Sushruta Samhit^ which deals with General Explanations.

CHAPTER V.

Now we shall discuss the Chapter which treats of Preliminary measures in connection with the curative remedies of a disease).* (Agropaharaniyamadhyaryam).

The entire course of medical treatment in connection with a disease ma)?' be grouped under Ihree subheads, as the Preliminary measures (Purva-karma) ; the Principal therapeutical or surgical appliances (Pradhana-karma'> ; and the After-measures (Paschatkarma). These measures will be discussed under the head of each disease as we shall have occasion to deal with them. As the present treatise principall)'-