An English Translation of the Sushruta Samhita, Vol. I: Sutrasthanam — trans. Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna (1907)

deranged and aggravated Pittam, or Kapham, changing their respective places with. each other, should be medicinally treated as the humour in whose location it is lound. The Vayu, thus aggravated and expanded, tends to deviate from its right passage and gives rise to a swelling or distention of the abdomen, accompanied by a rumbling sound in the intestines. The Pittam, under the similar condition, gives rise to heat, and a sort of sucking, burning pain in the affected part, together with a sensation of radiation or evaporation of heat from its surface. The Kapham, under the circumstance, would usher in a complete aversion to food, inertness of the limbs, ^•omiting and impaired digestion. The preceding symptoms, caused by the aggravation and expansion of the bodily humours, should be the third occasion for medical treatment

Stha'na-Samshrayam :— Now we shall enumerate the names of the peculiar diseases, which are originated by the deranged and expanded humours, incarcerated in the different parts of the body. These humours, confined in the abdomen, give rise to Gulma abdominal glands) tumours, internal abscesses (Vidradhi), abdominal dropsy, impaired digestion in the bowels, constipation (Anaha', cholera fVisuchikai and dysentery.

Lodged in the bladder, these humours usher in Prameha (morbid urethral discharges), Ashman (stone in

2o8 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [ Chap. XXI.

the bladder), Mutrakrichchhra (stricture of the urethra) and Mutraghata 'retention of urine), and diseases affecting the renal secretion, etc. Restricted to the penis they tend to bring in syphilis, Xirudha-prakasha (phymosis and the local inflammatory diseases known as the Shuka-dosha, etc.

Similarly, lodged in the region of the anus, these deranged and expanded humours beget fistula in ano, hccmorrhoids and polypus growths about that locality. Confined in the region of the scrotum, they give rise to hydrocele and other types of scrotal tumours, etc. Restricted to the region above the clavicles, these humours originate diseases peculiar to that locality, while erysipelas, cutaneous affections (Kushtha . and other minor diseases supervene, when they restrict themselves to the flesh and the skin (lymphchyle) and blood. Affecting only the fat, these humours tend to originate Granthi (Aneurism), Apachi (scrofula), Arvuda (tumour', Galaganda (goitre) and Alaji (inflammation of the eye at the edge of the cornea.*

Lodged in the lower extremities, they bring on elephantisis, Vata-Rakta (a kind of leprosy , VataKantaka, etc. Permeating the whole organism, they irive rise to such diseases as fever, SarAangaroga, etc. which invade the entire system.

* Additional text:— Reaching down and confined in the bone -systems of ihe body, ihey produce Vidradhi (abscesses), Anushayi, cte.

p. 209

The aggravated and expanded humours, thus firmly ensconced in the different parts of the body, exhibit the premonitor}'' symptoms of diseases which will be fully dealt with under their respective heads. The manifestation of these premonitory symptoms should be considered as the fourth occasion for medical treatment.

Disease- Its Development :— Now we

shall deal with the full development or manifestation of a disease. The full manifestation of a disease, such as a swelling, tumour, aneurism (Granthi), Vidradhi (abscess) and erysipelas (Visarpa) etc., fever or dysentery, signifies the complete development of the characteristic symptoms, which should be regarded as the fifth occasion for medical treatment.

The sixth occasion for the calling in of medical aid should be considered to have arisen when a swelling (abscess, tumour, etc.) would burst and exhibit the characteristic symptoms of an open ulcer. A persistent lingering or continuance of a fever or dysentery, etc., should be considered as marking, or forming one of its particular stages, and which may run into one of an incurable type, if neglected or not sufficiently cared for at the outset.

Authoritative verse on the subject:—

The physician, who fully knows about the accumula2IO

THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. XXI.

tion (Sanchaya), disturbance or aggravation rPrakopa}, expansion ( Prasaram), and differentiating traits of the deranged humours (Bheda), and is well conversant with the specific localities in which they are respectively confined in the course of their expansion (Sthanasamshrayam), and with the symptoms which they respectively exhibit in connection with the incidental disease (Vyakti), is alone worthy of that epithet.