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1called the zodiac and 1s projected to touch the three middle ones. All these are cut by the meridian at a right angle from the north to the opposite quarter. 18; 941. The stars consist of earth, but are on fire. 20; 349. The sun consists of earth. 24; 968, The eclipses of the sun take place when the moon passes across it in direct line, since the moon is earthy in character ; and it seems to the eye to be laid on the disk of the sun. 28; 858. The moon is lighted from the sun. 29; 860. Thales et.al. agree with the mathematicians that the monthly phases of the moon show that it travels along with the sun and is lighted by it, and eclipses show that it comes into the shadow of the earth, the earth coming between the two heavenly bodies and blocking the light of the moon. Aet. iii. 9-10; 876. The earth is one and spherical inform. 11; 877. It is in the midst of the universe. 15; 879. Thales and Demokritos find in water the cause of earthquakes. Aet. iv. 1; 884. Thales thinks that the Ktesian winds blowing against Egypt raise the mass of the Nile, because its outflow is beaten back by the swelling of the sea which lies over against its mouth. 2; 386. Thales was the first to declare that the soul is by nature always moving or self-moving. Aet. v..26; 488. Plants are living animals; this is evident from the fact that they wave their branches and -keep them extended, and they yield to attack and relax ‘them freely again, so that weights also draw them down. (Philodemos) Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 10; Dox. 581. For Thales of Miletos, who first studied these matters, said that water is the first principle of things, while god is the mind which formed all things from water. If gods exist without sense and mind, why should god be connected with water, if mind itself can exist without a body ?
28 THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS OF GREECE IT. ANAXIMANDREOS. ΑΝΑΧΙΜΑΝΡΕΒΟΒ of Miletos was a companion or pupil of Thales. According to Apollodoros he was born in the second or third year of the forty-second Olympiad (611-610 5.ο.). Of his life little is known; Zeller infers from the statement of Aeclian (V. Η. iii. 17) to the effect that he led the Milesian colony into Apollonia, that he was 8 man of influence in Miletos. He was a student of geography and astronomy; and various inventions, such as the sundial, are attributed to him. His book, which was referred to as the first philosophical treatise in Greece, may not have received the title “περὶ gdvcews’ until after his death. It soon became rare, and Simplicius does not seem to have had access to it. Literature : Schleiermacher, Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1815 ; Op. Phil. uu. 171; Krische, Forschungen, pp. 42— 52; Teichmiller, Studien, pp. 1-70, 545-588 ; Biisgen, Das ἄπειρν Anazx. Wiesbaden 1867 ; Liitze, Das ἄπειρον Απαω. Leipz. 1878; J. Neuhauser, De Anax. Miles. Bonn 1879, and in more complete form, Bonn 1888; Tannery, Rev. Phil. v. (1882); Natorp, Phil. Monatshefte, 1884 ; Tannery, Archw f.d. Gesch. d. Philos. viii. 448 ff. ; Diels, bid. x. (1897) 228 ff. (4) FRaGMENTS oF ANAXIMANDROS. 1. Arist. Phys. iii. 4; 905 Ὁ 18 ff. The words ἀθάνατον γὰρ καὶ ἀνώλεθρον and by some the words περιέχειν ANAXIMANDROS 9
3ἅπαντα καὶ πάντα κυβερνᾶν are thought to come from Anaximandros. 2. In Simpl. Phys. 6 r (24, 19); Dox. 476, it is generally agreed that the following phrase is from Anaximandros: κατὰ τὸ χρεών’ διδόναι γὰρ αὐτὰ ἀλλήλοις τίσιν καὶ δίκην τῆς ἀδικίας.ὶ Τγαπεἰαίίοη.---].. ‘Immortal and _ indestructible,’ ‘surrounds all and directs all.’ 2. ‘(To that they return when they are destroyed) of necessity; for he says that they suffer punishment and give satisfaction to one another for injustice.’ (b) PassaGEs RELATING TO ANAXIMANDROS IN ARISTOTLE. Arist. Phys. 1.4: 187a12. For some who hold that the real, the underlying substance, is a unity, either one of the three [elements] or something else that is denser than fire and more rarefied than air, teach that other things are generated by condensation and rarefaction. . . . 20. And others believe that existing opposites are separated from the unity, as Anaximandros says, and those also who say that unity and multiplicity exist, as Empedokles and Anaxagoras; for these separate other things from the mixture [piypa].? Phys. Η1. 4: 208 b7. There is no beginning of the infinite, for in that case it would havean end. But it is without beginning and indestructible, as being a sort of - first principle; for it is necessary that whatever comes into existence should have an end, and there is a conclusion of all destruction. Wherefore as we say, there is no first principle of this [2.6. the infinite], but it itself 1 The fragment is discussed at length by Ziegler, Archiv f. d. Gesch. d. Philos. i. (1883) p. 16 ff. ? Cf. Theophrastos (Doz. 478) under Anaxggoras, infra. 10 THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS OF GREECE
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
1called the zodiac and 1s projected to touch the three middle ones. All these are cut by the meridian at a right angle from the north to the opposite quarter. 18; 941. The stars consist of earth, but are on fire. 20; 349. The sun consists of earth. 24; 968, The eclipses of the sun take place when the moon passes across it in direct line, since the moon is earthy in character ; and it seems to the eye to be laid on the disk of the sun. 28; 858. The moon is lighted from the sun. 29; 860. Thales et.al. agree with the mathematicians that the monthly phases of the moon show that it travels along with the sun and is lighted by it, and eclipses show that it comes into the shadow of the earth, the earth coming between the two heavenly bodies and blocking the light of the moon. Aet. iii. 9-10; 876. The earth is one and spherical inform. 11; 877. It is in the midst of the universe. 15; 879. Thales and Demokritos find in water the cause of earthquakes. Aet. iv. 1; 884. Thales thinks that the Ktesian winds blowing against Egypt raise the mass of the Nile, because its outflow is beaten back by the swelling of the sea which lies over against its mouth. 2; 386. Thales was the first to declare that the soul is by nature always moving or self-moving. Aet. v..26; 488. Plants are living animals; this is evident from the fact that they wave their branches and -keep them extended, and they yield to attack and relax ‘them freely again, so that weights also draw them down. (Philodemos) Cic. de Nat. Deor. i. 10; Dox. 581. For Thales of Miletos, who first studied these matters, said that water is the first principle of things, while god is the mind which formed all things from water. If gods exist without sense and mind, why should god be connected with water, if mind itself can exist without a body ?
28 THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS OF GREECE IT. ANAXIMANDREOS. ΑΝΑΧΙΜΑΝΡΕΒΟΒ of Miletos was a companion or pupil of Thales. According to Apollodoros he was born in the second or third year of the forty-second Olympiad (611-610 5.ο.). Of his life little is known; Zeller infers from the statement of Aeclian (V. Η. iii. 17) to the effect that he led the Milesian colony into Apollonia, that he was 8 man of influence in Miletos. He was a student of geography and astronomy; and various inventions, such as the sundial, are attributed to him. His book, which was referred to as the first philosophical treatise in Greece, may not have received the title “περὶ gdvcews’ until after his death. It soon became rare, and Simplicius does not seem to have had access to it. Literature : Schleiermacher, Abh. d. Berl. Akad. 1815 ; Op. Phil. uu. 171; Krische, Forschungen, pp. 42— 52; Teichmiller, Studien, pp. 1-70, 545-588 ; Biisgen, Das ἄπειρν Anazx. Wiesbaden 1867 ; Liitze, Das ἄπειρον Απαω. Leipz. 1878; J. Neuhauser, De Anax. Miles. Bonn 1879, and in more complete form, Bonn 1888; Tannery, Rev. Phil. v. (1882); Natorp, Phil. Monatshefte, 1884 ; Tannery, Archw f.d. Gesch. d. Philos. viii. 448 ff. ; Diels, bid. x. (1897) 228 ff. (4) FRaGMENTS oF ANAXIMANDROS. 1. Arist. Phys. iii. 4; 905 Ὁ 18 ff. The words ἀθάνατον γὰρ καὶ ἀνώλεθρον and by some the words περιέχειν ANAXIMANDROS 9
3ἅπαντα καὶ πάντα κυβερνᾶν are thought to come from Anaximandros. 2. In Simpl. Phys. 6 r (24, 19); Dox. 476, it is generally agreed that the following phrase is from Anaximandros: κατὰ τὸ χρεών’ διδόναι γὰρ αὐτὰ ἀλλήλοις τίσιν καὶ δίκην τῆς ἀδικίας.ὶ Τγαπεἰαίίοη.---].. ‘Immortal and _ indestructible,’ ‘surrounds all and directs all.’ 2. ‘(To that they return when they are destroyed) of necessity; for he says that they suffer punishment and give satisfaction to one another for injustice.’ (b) PassaGEs RELATING TO ANAXIMANDROS IN ARISTOTLE. Arist. Phys. 1.4: 187a12. For some who hold that the real, the underlying substance, is a unity, either one of the three [elements] or something else that is denser than fire and more rarefied than air, teach that other things are generated by condensation and rarefaction. . . . 20. And others believe that existing opposites are separated from the unity, as Anaximandros says, and those also who say that unity and multiplicity exist, as Empedokles and Anaxagoras; for these separate other things from the mixture [piypa].? Phys. Η1. 4: 208 b7. There is no beginning of the infinite, for in that case it would havean end. But it is without beginning and indestructible, as being a sort of - first principle; for it is necessary that whatever comes into existence should have an end, and there is a conclusion of all destruction. Wherefore as we say, there is no first principle of this [2.6. the infinite], but it itself 1 The fragment is discussed at length by Ziegler, Archiv f. d. Gesch. d. Philos. i. (1883) p. 16 ff. ? Cf. Theophrastos (Doz. 478) under Anaxggoras, infra. 10 THE FIRST PHILOSOPHERS OF GREECE
The source text as printed, transcribed diplomatically. Where the source language uses a non-Latin script that reaches us only through a Victorian romanisation, this layer is labelled transliteration, because that is what we hold.
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