The Institutes of Vishnu — SBE Vol. 7 (trans. Julius Jolly, 1880)
English·1879–1910·trans. Julius Jolly·261 passages
The text · part 11 of 13
(I reside) in rows of whitewashed palaces and in temples decorated with the attributes of deities.
It. ‘(I reside) in fresh cow-dung, in a noble elephant in rut, in a horse exulting in his vigour, in a proud bull, and in a Brahmaza who studies the Veda.
12, ‘I reside in a throne, in an Amalaka (Dhatri) shrub, in a Bél tree, in an umbrella, in a shell (trumpet), in a lotus-flower, in blazing fire, and in a polished sword or mirror.
13. ‘I reside in jars filled with water and in painted (halls), in which there are chowries and fans; in splendid golden vessels, and in earth recently thrown up.
14. ‘(I reside) in milk, butter, fresh grass, honey, and sour milk; in the body of a married woman, in the frame of an unmarried damsel, and in the frame of (images of) gods, of ascetics, and of officiating priests.
15. ‘(I reside) in an arrow, in one who has returned (victorious) from battle, and in one who has fallen on the field of honour and proceeded to a seat in heaven; in the sound of (repeating) the Veda, in the flourish of the shell (trumpet), in the sacrificial exclamations addressed to the gods and to the manes, and in the sound of musical instruments.
16. ‘(I reside) in the consecration of a king, in the marriage ceremony, in a sacrifice, in a bridegroom, in one who has washed his head, in white flowers, in mountains, in fruits, in (islets in thep. 17 middle of a river and other) pleasant spots, and in large streams.
17. ‘(I reside) in lakes filled with water, in (pure) waters, and in ground covered with fresh grass, in a wood abounding in lotuses (and fruits), in a newborn infant, in a suckling, in one exulting in joy, in a virtuous man, and in one wholly bent upon practising the law.
18. ‘(I reside) in a man who observes approved usages, in one who constantly acts up to the sacred law, in one modestly, and in one splendidly attired, in one who keeps his organs of sense and his mind under control, in one free from sin, in one whose food is pure, and in one who honours his guests.
1g. ‘(I reside) in one who is satisfied with his own wife (and does not covet other men’s wives), in one bent upon doing his duty, in one eminently virtuous, in one who refrains from eating too often (i.e. three or four times a day), in one constantly adorned with flowers, in one who associates with such as anoint their limbs with fragrant unguents, in one who is scented with perfumes (himself), and in one adorned (with bracelets and ear-rings).
20. ‘(I reside) in one habitually veracious, in one friendly towards all creatures, in a married householder, in one forbearing, in one free from wrath, in one skilled in his own business, and in one skilled in other men’s business, in one who never thinks of any but propitious things, and in one constantly humble.
21. ‘(I reside) in women who wear proper ornaments always, who are devoted to their husbands, whose speeches are kind, who keep up saving habits, who have sons, who keep their household utensils in ne - nedp. 301 good order, and who are fond of offering domestic oblations.
22. ‘(I reside) in women who keep the house clean (by scouring it, plastering it with cow-dung, and the like), who keep their organs of sense under control, who are not quarrelsome, contented, strictly observing the law, and charitable; and I always reside in the destroyer of Madhu.
23. ‘I do not remain separated from Purushottama! for a single moment.’
C.
1. Those among the twice-born who will act according to (the precepts promulgated in) this excellent law-code, which has been proclaimed by the god himself, shall obtain a most excellent abode in heaven.
2. It purifies from sin, it is auspicious, it leads to heaven, procures long life, knowledge (of the four objects of human pursuit) and renown, and increases wealth and prosperity.
3. It must be studied, it must be borne in mind, it must be recited, it must be listened too, and it must be constantly repeated at Sraddhas by persons desirous of prosperity.
[4. This most sublime, mysterious collection of doctrines has been proclaimed to thee, O goddess of the earth. In a kindly spirit and for the best of the world (have I promulgated) this body of eternal
23. 1See I, 51.
C. 2. See XCIX, 4, note.
4. This last clause I consider, for divers reasons, to be an addition made by a modern copyist. 1. It is not commented upon inp. 4 laws, which is conducive to happiness, the best means of purification, destructive of bad dreams, productive of a great deal of religious merit, and the source of prosperity. }
Dr. Bihler’s copy of the Vaigayanti. 2. It takes up, without any purpose, the speech of Vishzu, which had been concluded in XCVII, 21. 3. Recommendations to study and recite the laws just promulgated, like those contained in C, 1-3, form the conclusion of several other Dharmasdstras. 4. The substantive saubhagyam is used like an adjective. 5. The first part of the whole passage is a detached hemistich.
GENERAL INDEX,
p. refers to the pages in the Introduction and Notes.
Body, twelve excretions of the human, XXII, 81; apertures, XXIII, 513 parts, p. xx; XCVI, 43-95.
Brahmazas, rank, duties, and livelihood of, 11; LXVII, 31; various privileges of, 111, 26, §8, 63, 72, 73, 76, 96; V, 1-8, 943 IX, 15, 233 XXIII, 473 LXVII, 34, &c.; objects of royal benevolence, Ill, 79, 81-84; sanctity of, xIx, 20-23; various gifts to, XLVI, 8; XLIX, 2; L, 33; LXXXVII, 6, &c. '
Buddhists, pp. xxi, xxx, 202, 312.
Bulls, set at liberty, v, 150; LXXXVI; bull’s hide of land, v, 181-183; XCU, 4; bull-fights, Lxx1, 29.
Caste, the four principal castes, 1, 47, 48, 61, 633 II; III, 4; XXXII, 18; LXxxIv, 4. Diversity of caste affects the legislation, III, 56-63; V, 19-26, 35-41, 98-104, &c.; the legal rate of interest, v1, 2; the law of evidence, VIII, 15-23; IX, 10-153; the law of inheritance, XVIII, 1-40; the performance of funerals, xIx, 1-4; the laws regarding impurity, XXII, 1-4, 10-24, 63-65, 73, 84; XXIII, 47, 48; the marriage laws, XXIV, 1-8, 283; XXVI; XXXII, 5; the sacraments, XXVII, 6-9, 15-263; the classification of crimes, XXXV, I; XXXVI, I, 3, 6; XXXVII, 133 XXXVIII,1; XL, 1; the law of penance, L, 6-14; LI, 50-583 LIV, 2-7, 305 LV, 23 LVI, 15, 16, &c.3 the acquisition of wealth, II, 10-15; LVIII, 6-8; the sipping of water, Lx, 9; the reception of guests, LXVU, 34-41. Mixed castes, XVI.
Cows, sanctity of, XXIII, 57-61.
Crime, cause of, XX XIII, 1, 2, 6; nine degrees of, 3-53 XXXIV-XLII; consequences of, XLIV, I-10; unnatural crimes, Vv, 42, 443 XXXVIIIL, 4, 53 LIII, 3, 4, 7-
Debts, recovery of, VI, 1, 18-26, 403 liability for, 27-39; the ‘three debts,’ XXXVII, 29.
Dekhan, pp. xxiv, xxx, 257, 258, 259.
Deposits, Vv, 169-1713 XXXVI, 3; LU, 4.
Documents, p. xxiv; III, 823; V, 9, 10, 1873 VI, 23, 25, 263 VII.
p. 304
VISHNU.
Dowry, of a wife, XVII, 18; p. 1733 LVIII, 9. Dvaraka, p. 258.
Earth, goddess of the, pp. x, xxviii; visits Kasyapa, I, 19-21, 30-32; described, 22-29; visits and questions Vishzu, 33-46, 48-62; is addressed by him, 47, 63-65 ; V, 1933 XIX, 243 XXII, 93; XXIII, 46; XLVII, 10; XCVI, 97, 98; converted into an attendant of Vishnu, XCVIII, 1-5; praises him, 6-101; addresses Lakshmi, XCVIII, 102-XCIX, 6.
Ganges, p. XXX; XIX, II, 12; XX, 23; XXIII, 613 LXIV, 17; p. 248; LXXXV, 10; pp. 257, 258.
GayA, pp. 256, 257, 259 ; LXXXxvV, 67.
Gifts, from kings to Brahmazas, 111, 81-84; to a woman from her male relatives, XVII, 18 ; illicit, XXXVII, 125 LVII, 2-8, 14, 153 householder to bestow, LIx, 14-18, 26-28; LXVII, 26-46; various gifts and corresponding rewards, LXXXVII, LXXXVIII, XC-XCII; persons unworthy to receive, XCIII, 7-10.
Kings, principal duties of, 11, 1-3, 44; their capital, officers, and income, 4-32, 70-75; conduct in peace and war, 33-69, 85-97 ; liberality enjoined in, 76-84; documents attested by, 82; vII, 2, 33 may not give evidence, vill, 2; inherit unclaimed property, XVII, 13; are officially pure, XXII, 48, 52.
Krishna (Kistna) river, p. 259 (bis).
Kshatriyas, rank, duties, and livelihood of, 11.
GENERAL INDEX.
p. 305
Lakshmi, the consort of Vishnu, 1, 433 P- 293; praise of, xcIx, 1-6; her omnipresence, 7-23.
Law, titles of, p. xxii; four feet of, LXXXVI, 15.
Ordeals, p. xxiv; VI, 23; general rules, 1x; ordeal by balance, x ; ordeal by fire, x1; ordeal by water, X11; ordeal by poison, XIII; ordeal by sacred libation, XIV.
Penances, for perjury, VIII, 16, 17 ; LIV, 9; for impurity, xx, 9-18, 58-80; for students, xxVIII, 48- 533 XXXII, 9; LI, 43-45; for the nine principal degrees of crime, XXXIV-XLII; various forms of, XLVI-XLVIII; L, 1-5, 15-24, &c.; for homicide and murder, L, 6-143 LV, 2, 33 for taking life and cutting plants,
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L, 25-50; for tasting forbidden food, Li, 1-58; for theft, LI, 1-14; for illicit intercourse, Lu; for various offences, Liv; for secret sins, LV.
Property, of minors, &c., III, 65; separate property of a woman, XVII, 18; three kinds of, Lv1Il.
Punishment, theory of, I11, 90-96; V, 193-1963 fines, IV, 143 for capital crimes, v, 1-18; for abuse and assault, 19-39, 60-763 for illicit intercourse, 40-47; for theft, &c., 48-59, 77-90; for various offences, 91-182; for unjustly accusing a creditor, VI, 18.
Purification, of men and animals, XX; of things, XXIII.
p. 103
Qualities (in philosophy), XCVI, 53; p- 287; XCVII, 2, 16,17.
Sacraments, I, 3; p. 106; XXVII, I-17, 26, Sacrifices, regular, LIX, 1-13; five principal, 20-26; XCIV, 5. Sacrificial fees, 1, 8; 11,11; XXII, 4, 16; L, 313 LXXIII, 26; LXXIV, I; LXXXVI, 173 XC, 43 XCVI, I.
3. Soma juice or plant, I, 6; LIV, 17; p. 178 seq.
Sthanaka, p. 284.
Stridhana, xvil, 18.
Supragapati, p. 292.
Suras, I, 16, 60.
Sfirya, XCII, 11.
Sfita caste, XVI, 6, 13.
Suvarna, IV, 9, 10.
Svaminarayazis, p. 202.
Svayambhfi (‘the self-existent’), XV, 443 LI, 61.
Svayamthitalabdha, p. 74.
Svayamvara, p. 110.
Sakti, p. 298.
178 seq.
Sthanaka, p. 284.
Stridhana, xvil, 18.
Supragapati, p. 292.
Suras, I, 16, 60.
Sfirya, XCII, 11.
Sfita caste, XVI, 6, 13.
Suvarna, IV, 9, 10.
Svaminarayazis, p. 202.
Svayambhfi (‘the self-existent’), XV, 443 LI, 61.
Svayamthitalabdha, p. 74.
Svayamvara, p. 110.
Sakti, p. 298.
Sankara, pp. 9, 292, 293, 295 (bis).
Sesha, I, 39-41.
Silaphalaka, p. 118.
Siras, LV, 9.
Sitakrikkbra penance, XLVI, 12.
Siva, p. Xxx; XXXI,75 pp. 258, 295.
Sri, Xcrx, 1, 4, 8; Sri Hiranyakesi, LXVII, 9.
Sriphalakrik&fra penance, XLVI, 16.
Sulka, xv, 18.
Svapaéa caste, p. 29; LXVII, 26.
Svetadvipa, XLIX, 4.
Taksha, Lxvi, 5.
Taptakrikkhra penance, XLVI, 11.
Tirtha, 1. place of pilgrimage, 1, 16; V, 1323 XXII, 463; XXXV, 6; XXXVI, 8; LXXXIII, 9; LXXXv; 2. parts of the hand called Tirtha, Lx, 1-4, 6; LXIV, 30, 31.
Trasarenu, Iv, 1.
Treta fires, XxxI, 7, 83 p. 1913 Tretaé Yuga, see Yuga.
1,17 (p. 4) read Rakshasas — 1, 22 (p. §) for bow read shaft — v, 48 (p. 29) and V, 77 (p. 31) for or one read and one — VIII, 9 (p. 49) before one add and approved by both (parties) — xiv, 4 (p. 61) close before an — XVIN, 19, 22 (p. 72) for Sfidra read Vaisya — xvill, 38 (p. 73) for two parts read eight parts — XX1, 1 (p. 83) read clothes, ornaments, and — XXI, 5 (p. 84) for added fuel to read strewed grass round — XXII, 68 (p- 94) for head read beard — XXIII, 22 (p. 100) for sesamum read mustard — XXIII, 36 (p. 101) read grain exceeding — XXIII, 38 (p. 102) read cow, trodden or sneezed — xXxIVv, 7 (p. 106) for whip read goad — XXX, 3 (p.123) invert the position of Upakarman and Utsarga — XLIX, 8 (p. 156) ditto of full and new — LI, 57, 58 (p. 169) for left read given.
Notes: page 12, after —4-9 add (14) and after -16, 17. add M. X, 63; Y. 1,122 — p. 14, note 1, before —79, 80. add 77, 78. Y. I, 308, 313.—78. M. vil, 79. — p. 25, note 1, read 140-146 ... XLV, L. Add at the end of this note -196. M. VIII, 386 — p. 30 add 52. I have translated the reading pajikasatam, which however is hardly so appropriate as the reading paf#asatam, ‘fifty’ karshapazas. See M. VIII, 2, 97 — p. 32 add 88. It is perhaps more advisable to translate ‘(shall pay) ... (asa fine),’ than to supply the above parentheses. The reading of Nand.’s gloss is doubtful — p. 42,1. 7 from below, after 45 add ; Colebrooke, Dig. I,5,CLXXXV.—37.Y.11, 48. — p. 54 add 20, 22. The translation of sirsha by ‘fine’ rests upon Nand.’s comment — p. 62 add Gautama (XVIII, 6) speaks of the appointment of ‘one who belongs to the same caste’ (Biihler) ; but the term yonimatra is ambiguous, and may be referred to ‘relatives on the mother’s side’ as well. — p. 123, note 1, read 34-38 and 43-47 —Pp.131,17, read The next proverb (18)—p. 132, 3, read XX XIII — p. 138, 35, read XLVII and XLVI, 18. — p. 162 add 5. Thus Nand. Taken as part of a Dvandva compound, vratani would mean ‘and the Vratas,’ See M. xI, 152 — p. 185, 3 and p. 186, 26 read X, 190 and X, 90. — p. 190 read LIX, 1. M. U1, 67 — p. 198, 5 add ‘ ekakara, “one who has one hand only” (Nand.), may also mean “ with one hand.” ’ See Apast. 1, 1, 4, 21; Gaut. 1x, 11. —p. 202, 36.1 Professor Max Miiller points out to me, that the Buddhist Bhikshus do ‘wear the marks of an order to which they do not belong ’-na vidhivat pravraganti. Viewed in this light, Nand.’s interpretation tends to confirm my own. Cf. Apast. 1, 6, 18, 31.
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