^ At the sacrifice to the Manes, the Agnidhra, when uttering his response, stands south of the Adhvaryu. See p. 132, note. The first syllable of 'svadha' is protracted. According to the comm. on Katy. V, 9, 12, the offering formulas also begin with 'Ye svadha- mahe,' instead of 'Ye ya^'amahe ' (see I, 5, 2, 16 and note).
- I do not quite see the pertinency of the reason here alleged, unless it be that the author means to say that once (by the first
II KAiVDA, 6 ADHYAYA, I BRAHMAiVA, 27. 429
27. [The Adhvaryu] makes an 'under-layer' of
butter (in the ^uhu or offering-spoon). He then
cuts a piece from the cake, and together therewith
some of the parched grain and the porridge ^ This
he puts down at the same time (in the ^uhu) ; makes
two sprinkHngs of butter thereon ; and re-anoints
(replenishes with butter, the parts of the sacrificial
dishes from which he has made) the cuttings. He
does not walk over (to the south side of the fire) ;
but having risen and stepped up (to the fire) on the
same side (where he was seated), and called (on the
Agntdhra) for the ' ^'rausha/,' he says (to the Hotr/),
* Pronounce the offering-prayer to the fathers, accom-
panied by Soma!' and pours the oblation (into the
fire) as soon as the Vasha/^ has been uttered.
act) the fathers have departed, and by a second act they return hither. According to A^val. 11, 19, 22, the two invitatory prayers to the Pitara;^ Somavanta/; are Rig-v. X, 15, i ; IX, 96, 11; to SomaPitri'mat, Rig-v. I, 91,1; 20; to the Pitaro Barhishada//, Rig-v. X, 15, 4; 3; to the Pitaro'gnishvatta/z, Rig-v. X, 15, 11; 13 ; [toYama X, 14, 4; 5.]— The offering-prayers being respectively, Rig-v. X, 15, 5 ; VIII, 48, 13; X, 15, 2 ; X, 15, 14 ; [X, 14, i.]
Somewhat different the Black Ya^us; viz. Soma Pitrzmat, anuvakyas Rig-v. I, 91, i; IX, 96, 11; yagyCx VIII, 48, 13; Pi tar o Barhishada//, anuvakyas X, 15, 4 ; 3; y^gya. X, 15, 5; Pitaro 'gnishvatta/^, anuvakyas X, 15, 11; 14 (ye 'gnishvatta/2, &c. !); ya^'-ya ' vanyayai dugdhe,' &c. [Then either upahoma with the formulas X, 15, i; 2 ; IV, 2, 16; or] an oblation to Agni Kavya- vah ana (anuvakyas, I. 'y ad agne kavyavahana,' 2. X, 15, 12 ; ya^ya X, 14, 3) [and another to Yama Ahgirasvat Pitrz'mat (anuv. X, 14, 4 ; 5 ; y%ya X, 14, 6).] Taitt. S. I, 8, 5 ; II, 6, 12 ; Taitt. Br. I, 6, 9.
1 From the centre of each sacrificial dish he makes one 'cutting' with the ^r/tavadana, shaped like a cow's ear. Katy. V, 9, 2, and Schol.
^ Or rather the ' Svadha nama//,' cf. par. 24. The Adhvaryu makes the oblation with his left hand, while looking towards the south. Paddh. on Katy.V, 9.
430 S-ATAPATHA-BRAHMAJVA.
28. Thereupon he says, ' Pronounce the invita-
tory prayer to the fathers, seated on the barhis !'
He then makes an under-layer of butter, takes a
' cutthig' from (the north part of) the parched grain,
and together therewith some of the porridge and
the cake ; puts down all this at the same time (in
the ^hu) ; makes two sprinklings of butter thereon,
and re-anoints (the places of) the cuttings. He does
not walk across ; but having stepped up (to the fire)
on the same side and called for the ' 6'rausha/,' he
says, ' Pronounce the offering-prayer to the fathers,
seated on the barhis!' and pours out the oblation
as soon as the Vasha^ has been uttered.
29. Thereupon he says, ' Pronounce the invita-
tory prayer to the fathers, consumed by the fire!'
He then makes an under-layer of butter, takes a cut-
ting from (the south part of) the porridge, and there-
with some of the cake and the parched grains ; puts
down all this at the same time (in the^ihu); makes
two sprinklings of butter thereon, and re-anoints
(the places of) the cuttings. He does not walk
across ; but having stepped up (to the fire) on the
same side, and called for the ' .S'raushaA' he says,
' Pronounce the offering-prayer to the fathers, con-
sumed by the fire ! ' and pours out the oblation as
soon as the Vasha^* has been uttered.
30. Thereupon he says, ' Pronounce the invita-
tory prayer to Agni Kavyavahana !' that bemg
for (Agni as) the Svish/akm (' maker of good offer-
ing'). For to the gods indeed he is havyava-
hana ('bearer of oblations'), and to the fathers he
is kavyavahana ('the bearer of what is meet for
the wise') : hence he sa)'s, ' Pronounce the invita-
tory prayer to Agni Kavyavahana ! '
Ti Kaa'da, 6 Adhyaya, I Brahmaa^a, 33. 43 T
31. He makes an under-layer of butter (in the
offering-spoon) ; then cuts a piece from (the front
part of) the cake, and therewith some of the parched
grain and the porridge ; puts down all this at the
same time ; and makes two sprinklings of butter
thereon. The (places from which he has made the)
cuttings he does not replenish with butter, nor does
he walk across ; but having stepped up (to the fire)
on the same side (where he was seated), and called
for the ' ^'rausha/,' he says, ' Pronounce the offering-
prayer to Agni Kavyavahana!' and pours out the
oblation, as soon as the Vasha^ has been uttered.
32. Now the reason why he does not walk across
(to the ordinary place of offering), but pours out the
oblation after stepping up (to the fire) on the same
side, is that the fathers have departed once for all ;
and the reason also, why he cuts but once from
each of the sacrificial dishes, is that the fathers
have departed once for all. And the reason why
in making the cuttings, he keeps them together, is
that the fathers are the seasons ; — he thus keeps
the seasons together, joins them to one another :
that is why in making the cuttings, he keeps them
together.
2,3. Here now some hand over that entire
(remaining) porridge to the Hotrz ; and the Hotrz,
having invoked it\ smells it and hands it to the
^ According to the comm. on Katy. V, 9, 1 3, ' mantha/^ ' is, in that case, substituted for 'i^a' in the invocation, see I, 8, i, 19 seq. The Kawva MS. has as follows : Thereupon, by way of ida, they place that same porridge into the hand of the Hotr/. The.Hotr/', having invoked it, smells it. They hand it to the Agnidhra. The Agnidhra smells it. They hand it to the Brahman. The Brahman smells it. As to this Asuri said, 'As from any other oblation they cut off the "ifi?a" and the fore-portion, so let them cut off and smell,
432 ^ATAPATHA-BRAHMAATA.
Brahman. The Brahman smells it and hands
it to the Agnidhra ; and the Agnidhra also smells
it. And so indeed they do this. But, as from any
other oblation they cut off the Ida and the fore-
portion, so let them cut from this also ; and having
invoked it (the I^a) they smell it, but do not eat it.
'But,' said Asuri, 'we think that some should be
eaten, of whatever is offered up in the fire.'
34. Now he who is about to present (the obse-
quial cakes to the fathers), — either the Adhvaryu
or the Sacrificer, — takes the vessel of water and
walks thrice round (the altar) from right to left
sprinkling all about (the altar). He then, with the
text, ' N. N., wash thyselfM' pours out water (in
the north-west corner of the altar) for the Sacri-
ficer's father^ to wash himself; and (in the south-
west corner), with ' N. N., wash thyself!' for the
grandfather; and (in the south-east corner), with
' N. N., wash thyself!' for the great-grandfather.
but not eat : some indeed must be eaten of that of which oflferinc: is made in the fire.'
^ See II, 4, 2, 16 seq. According to the comm. on Katy. V, 9, 17, some sprinkle three times round the altar for each of the three ancestors. But according to the Paddhati, he sprinkles once round the altar, beginning from the north-west corner ; then he sits down and pours out water in that corner for the father. Thereupon, after walking round in the opposite direction (from left to right) to the south-west corner, he again sprinkles all round, and in the same way pours out water in that corner for the grandfather ; and after retracing his steps as far as the south-east corner, he performs the same circumambulation, and pours out water in that corner for the great-grandfather; whereupon he again retraces his steps up to the west of the altar.
2 In the case of a sacrificer whose father is still alive, these cere- monies are performed in honour of the father's father, grandfather, and great-grandf-Uher.
II KkNDA, 6 ADHYAYA, I BRAHMAiVA, 37. 43
J J
As one would pour out water for (a guest) who is to take food with him, so in this case.
35. Thereupon he takes one 'cutting' from the
cake and puts it in his left hand ; from the parched
grain also he takes one cutting and puts it in his
left hand ; and from the porridge also he takes
one cutting and puts it in his left hand.
36. And in the corner (of the altar) opposite this
intermediate quarter (viz. the north-west), he then
presents (an obsequial cake^) to the Sacrificer's
father, with the formula, ' N. N., this for thee!'
And in the corner opposite this intermediate quarter
(the south-west), he presents one to the Sacrificer's
grandfather, with ' N. N., this for thee !' And in the
corner opposite this intermediate quarter (the south-
east), he presents one to the Sacrificer's great-grand-
father, with ' N. N., this for thee!' And in the
corner opposite this intermediate quarter ( he north-
east), he cleanses (his hands), with the text (Va^. S.
II, 31), ' Here, O Fathers, regale yourselves! Like
bulls come hither, each to his own share!' whereby
he means to say, 'Eat ye each his share!' And the
reason why he thus presents (food) to the Fathers
is that in this way he does not exclude his own
fathers from this sacrifice.
Tiy. Thereupon they all, being sacrificially invested,
walk out (of the shed) on the north side, (pass along
the east side of, and) stand by the (north) side of,
the Ahavaniya fire. For he who has established his
fires, and performs the New and Full-moon sacri-
fices, approaches the gods ; but they have just been
^ He mixes the three pieces (about as much as a thumb's joint each) cut from the sacrificial dishes, and forms them into tliree pi«(/as or round cakes.
['2] Ff
434 i-ATAPATHA-BRAHMAA-A.
performing the sacrifice to the Manes, and therefore they now propitiate the gods.
38. They stand by the Ahavantya fire (wor-
shipping) with two (verses) addressed to Indra [viz.
Rig-veda I, 82, 2-3; Va^. S. Ill, 51-52], since the
Ahavaniya is Indra. * The friends have eaten, and
regaled themselves, and have shaken off (the ene-
mies)^; the self-shining bards have extolled (thee)
with their newest hymn : yoke, then, thy pair of bay
steeds, O Indra! — To thee, the splendid, we will
sing praises, O bountiful one ! Thus praised, do thou
now issue forth, with well-filled car, agreeably to our
desire! yoke, then, thy pair of bay steeds, O Indra !'
39. Thereupon they return to the Garhapatya
and stand by it worshipping with the verses (Rig-
veda X, 57, 3-5; Va^. S. Ill, 53-55). 'We invoke
the Mind with man-lauding strain -, and with the
hymns of the fathers. — May the Mind come back
to us for (us to obtain) wisdom, vigour, and life, and
that we may long see the sun! — May the divine race
restore to us the Mind, O Fathers, that we may
abide with the living kind !' They have indeed been
performing the sacrifice to the Manes ; but now they
return to the (land of the) living : hence he says,
' That we may abide with the living kind !'
40. Thereupon he who has presented (the obse-
quial cakes) again shifts his sacrificial cord to
the right shoulder and betakes himself (to the fire
in the shed), and mutters (Va^. S. II, 31), 'The
^ ' — the friends have shaken off (their intoxication),' Ludwig; ' — they showered down upon us delightful gifts,' Grassmann ; ' they shook their dear (bodies),' Sayawa ; ' — have trembled through their precious (bodies),' Wilson.
* The Rig-veda has ' somena ' instead of ' stomena.'
II KAiVDA, 6 ADIIYAYA, I BRAHMAiVA, 42. 435
Fathers have regaled themselves : like bulls they
came each to his share :' whereby he means to say,
' they have eaten each his own share.'
41. He now takes the vessel of water and again,
while sprinkling, walks thrice round (the altar) from
left to right (sunwise). With ' N. N., wash thyself!'
he pours out water (in the respective corner) for
the Sacrificer's father to wash himself; with 'N. N.,
wash thyself!' for the grandfather; with * N. N.,
wash thyself!' for the great-grandfather. As one
would pour out water for (a guest) who has taken
food with him, so in this case. And as to his again
walking thrice round from left to right, while sprink-
ling,— they think, 'This holy work of ours shall be
accomplished sunwise ^/ and hence he walks thrice
round from left to right, while sprinkling.
42. He then pulls down the tuck (of the nether
garment) 2 and makes obeisance (to the Fathers). The
tuck, doubtless, is sacred to the Fathers : hence he
makes obeisance to them after pulling down the
tuck; and obeisance means worship: hence he thereby
recognises them as entitled to worship. Six times
he makes obeisance to them, since there are six
seasons, and the Fathers are the seasons : hence he
thereby establishes his sacrifice in the seasons, — that
is why he makes obeisance six times ^ 'Give houses