7.2. 'A sacred bathing-place, i. e. a river or pond outside the village.' — Govinda. The same author adds that the hands must be washed as far as the wrist, that while sipping water the wor- shipper is to repeat in the evening, Taittiriya Arawyaka X, 31, and in the morning X, 32, and that if he bathes, Taittiriya Ara/zyaka X, i, 12, and other texts must be recited. The J?fc containing the word Surabhi is found Taittiriya Sa/nhital, 5, 1 1, 4, 7 ; the three Ablingas, Taittiriya Arawyaka X, i, n ; the four verses addressed to Varumi, Taittiriya Sawzhita III, 4, n, 4, and Taittiriya Ara«yaka II, 4, 4. By the term Pavamanis the Pavamananuvaka, Taittiriya Brahma«a I, 4, 8, is meant.
5. The injunction to turn the face to the west refers to the evening prayer; see also below, Sutra 10.
11,4,7- the Twilight Devotions. 247
is filled with water, he shall repeat the Savitri one thousand times ;
6. Or (he may recite the verse) one hundred times, suppressing his breath ;
7. Or mentally ten times, adding the syllable
Om at the beginning and at the end and the seven
Vyahmis.
8. And if he is tired by three suppressions of
his breath (performed) with (the recitation of) the
(Anuvaka called) Brahmahrzdaya (the heart of
Brahman, then let him repeat the Savitrt).
9. In the evening he worships (the sun) with the
two (verses) addressed to Varuwa, ' Hear this my
call, O Varuwa/ and ' Therefore I go to thee.'
TO. The same (rules apply to the twilight devo-
tion) in the morning, (but the worshipper) shall face
the east and stand upright.
11. In the day-time he worships (the sun) with the
two (verses) addressed to Mitra, 'The glory of Mitra,
who supports men/ and ' Mitra causes men to join.'
12. Let him begin (the twilight devotion) in the
6. Govinda states lhat prawaySmaja^, ' suppressing his breath,' has in this Sutra no technical meaning.
7. Govinda says that the order to be observed in this case is as follows : First the syllable Om is .to be recited, next the seven Vyahn'tis, beginning with Bhu/fc and ending with Satyam, then the Savitri, and finally again the syllable Om.
8. The Brahmahr/daya is Taittiriya Arawyaka X, 28. This Anuvaka may be repeated three times for each Pra«ayama (see Vasish/fta XXV, 13), or altogether nine times, and, if the wor- shipper is then tired, he may go on repeating the Savitri without suppressing his breath.
9. Taittiriya Sawhita II, i, n, 6. 10. Gautama II, n. it. Taittiriya Sawhita III, 4, 1 1, 5.
12. Very early, i.e. when the stars are still visible; see also Gautama II, n, and note.
248 BAUDHAYANA. II, 4, 7.
morning very early, and finish it when the sun has risen.
13. Let him begin (the twilight devotion) in the
evening, when (the sun) has set, (and finish it) very
soon after (the appearance of the stars) ;
14. And the complete observance of the twilight
devotions (produces as its reward) an uninterrupted
succession of days and nights.
15. Now they quote with reference to this (sub-
ject) also the following two verses, which have been
proclaimed by the Lord of created beings (Pra^d-
pati): 'How can those twice-born men be called
Brahma^as who do not perform their twilight devo-
tions, in the morning and in the evening at the
proper time ? At his pleasure a righteous king may
appoint those Brahmawas who neglect to daily per-
form the twilight devotions, both at morn and at
eve, to do the work of ^udras.'
1 6. If the time for the (twilight devotion) is
allowed to pass in the evening, (the offender shall)
fast during the night ; and if it is neglected in the
morning, he shall fast during the (next) day.
17. He obtains (thereby) the (same) reward as
if he had remained standing and sitting (in the
twilight).
1 8. Now they quote also (the following verses):
' Whatever sin (a man) may have committed with
his organ, with his feet, with his arms, by thoughts
or by speech, from (all) that he is freed by per-
forming the twilight devotion in the evening.'
19. (The worshipper) becomes also connected
14. The day and night will not be cut off from his existence. 1 6. Vasish/fta XX, 4-5. 18. Vasish/^a XXVI, 2.
Ii, 5, 8. Bathing, 249
(thereby) with the (next) night, and Varu«a will not seize him.
20. In like manner he becomes free from the sin
committed during the night by worshipping in the
morning.
21. He is also connected with the (next) day,
Mitra protects him and Aditya leads him up to
heaven.
22. It is declared in the Veda, 'A Brahmawa
who in this same manner daily worships in the twi-
light, both at morn and at eve arid, being sanctified
by the Brahman, becoming one with the Brahman,
and resplendent through the Brahman, follows the
rules of the .Sastra, gains the heaven of Brahman.'
PRASNA II, ADHYAYA 5, KANDIKA 8.
1. Now, after washing his hands, he shall take
his waterpot and a clod of earth, go to a (sacred)
bathing-place and thrice clean his feet (with earth
and water) and thrice his body.
2. Now some say, ' One must not enter a burial-
ground, water, a temple, a cowpen, nor a place
where Brahmawas (sit) without having cleaned
one's fee:.'
20. Vasish/Aa XXVI, 3.
22. Brahman means here the Veda, the Sdvitrf, and the uni- versal soul.
8. i. Vish«u LXIV, 18. This Adhyaya contains the rules for bathing, and the subject is introduced, as Govinda observes, because in the preceding chapter II, 4, 7. 2> il has been ^ that an impure person must bathe before he performs the twilight devo- tions. Govinda also states that the word *a, ' and,' which stands after mr*tpi»<fem, ' a clod,' indicates that gomaya, ' cowdung,' must also be employed.
250 BAUDHAYANA. 11,5,8.
3. Then he enters the water, (reciting the follow-
ing verse) : ' I take refuge with gold-horned Varu#a,
give me at my request (O Varuwa) a purifying bathing-
place. May Indra, Varu«a, Brzhaspati, and Savitrz
again and again cleanse me from all sin which I have
committed by eating the food of unholy men, by
receiving gifts from the wicked, and from all evil
which I have done by thoughts, speeches, or deeds.'
4. Then he takes up water in his joined hands,
(saying), ' May the waters and the herbs be pro-
pitious to us.'
5. (Next) he pours (the water) out in that direc-
tion in which an enemy of his dwells, (saying),
' May they work woe to him who hates us and
whom we hate.'
6. Then he sips water, and thrice makes the water
eddy around himself turning from the left to the
right (and saying), 'May that which is hurtful, which
is impure, and which is inauspicious in the water be
removed.'
7. After having submerged himself and having emerged from the water,
8. (Acts of) personal purification, washing the clothes by beating them on a stone and sipping
3. The verse is found Taittiriya Ara«yaka X, i, 12.
4. Taittiriya Ara#yaka X, i, 11.
5. Taittiriya Arawyaka, loc. cit. This and the following Sutras, down to II, 6, 1 1, 15, are wanting in the Gujarat and Dekhan MSS. except in K.
6. TaittirSya Ara«yaka X, i, 13.
7. Govinda points out that the completion of this Sutra is to be found in Sutra 10. He adds that Baudhayana inserted Sutras 8-9 in the middle, because he was afraid to forget the rules contained in them.
8. VishmiLXlV, 10,11.
11,5-8. Bathing. 25!
water are not (permitted to the worshipper) as long as he is in the water.
9. If (the water used for bathing) has been (taken
from a) confined (place, such as a well), he worships
it with the following (Mantra): 'Adoration to Agni,
the lord of the waters ; adoration to Indra ; adora-
tion to Varima ; adoration to Varuwt ; adoration to
the waters.'
ro. After having ascended the bank and having
sipped water, let him again sip water, though he has
done so before, (and recite the following Mantras) :
' May water purify the earth, may the purified earth
purify me, may Brahmawaspati (and) Brahman purify,
may the purified (earth) purify me. May water purify
me, (taking away) all (the guilt which I incurred by
eating) remnants of food, and forbidden food, (by
committing) evil deeds, (by) receiving gifts from
wicked men, Svahi!'
ii. Making two Pavitras he rubs (his body) with
water. Having rubbed himself, (reciting the) three
(verses), ' Ye waters are,' &c., the four (verses), ' The
golden-coloured, pure, purifying,' &c., (and) the Anu-
vaka, ' He who purifies/ &c., he performs, stepping
back into the water, three Pra^ayamas with the
Aghamarsha^a (hymn) ; then he ascends the bank,
squeezes (the water) out of his dress, puts on gar-
ments which have been washed and dried in the air
and which are not the worse for wear, sips water,
9. Taittiriya Arawyaka X, i, 12.
10. Taittiriya Aranyaka X, 23. Govinda says that the rule is intended to indicate also that a person who recites sacred texts while sipping water, must do so only after having taken water once before. K. inserts before this Mantra, also Anuvaka 22.
11. VishmiLXIV, 13-14; 18-19. The Vedic passages intended
252 BAUDHAYANA. 11,5,8.
sits down on Darbha grass, and, holding Darbha
grass (in his hands), recites, facing the east, the
Gayatrl one thousand times, (or) one hundred times,
or any number of times, or at least twelve times.
12. Then he worships the sun (reciting the follow-
ing Mantras): 'Out of darkness we,' &c., 'Up that
bright/ &c., 'That eye which is beneficial to the gods,'
&c., (and) * He who rose/ &c.
1 3. Now they quote also (the following maxim) :
'The syllable Om, the Vyahmis, and the Savitrl,
these five Veda-offerings daily cleanse the Brahmawa
from guilt/
14. Being purified by the five Veda-offerings, he next satiates the gods (with water, saying),
PRASNA II, ADHYAYA 5, KAJVDIKA 9.
i. 'I satiate the deities of the eastern gate, Agni,
Pra^clpati, Soma, Rudra, Aditi, Brzhaspati, together
with the lunar mansions, with the planets, with the
days and nights, and with the Muhurtas ; Om, I also
satiate the Vasus ;
are found Taitt. Sa^zhita IV, i, 5, i ; V, 6, i, i ; and Taitt Brah- ma«a I, 4, 8. Pavitras, i. e. blades of Kara grass. ' He performs three Pra«ayamas with the A hamarsha«a hymn (Rig-veda X, 190),' i. e. he thrice suppresses his breath (prawayama) and recites during each suppression the Aghamarshawa three times, just as on other occasions the Gayatrl is recited three times.
12. The first Mantra is found Taitt. Sawzhitd IV, i, 7, 4; the third and the fourth Taitt. Ara«yaka IV, 42, 32-33.
14. Vishma XLIV, 24. The ceremony is the so-called Tarpana, which is usually described in the GrzTiya-sutras, e. g. Sahkhayana IV, 9-10, and the quotations in Professor Oldenberg's notes, Indische Studien XV, 152.
9. i. This and the next Ka»<fikas are given in full by K. only. M. gives the first and last words of both, the commentary the
TI»5>9- TARPAJVA.
2. ' Om, I satiate the deities of the southern gate,
the Pitr/s, Yarna, Bhaga, Savitr*, Tvash/n, Vayu!
Indragnl, together with the lunar mansions, with
the planets, with the days and nights, and with the
Muhurtas ; Om, I also satiate the Rudras.
3. ' Om, I satiate the deities of the western gate,
Mitra, Indra, the Mahipit^s, the Waters, all the godsi
Brahman, Vishnu, together with the lunar mansions^
with the planets, with the days and nights, and with
the Muhurtas ; Om, I also satiate the Adityas.
4. 'Om, I satiate the deities of the northern gate,
the Vasus, Vanma, A^a-ekapad, Ahibudhnya, Ushas,'
the two A-rvins, Yama, together with ......
5. 'Cm. I satiate all the gods ; the Sadhyas ; Brah-
man ; Pra/apati; the four-faced god ; Hirawyagarbha;
Svayambhu; the male attendants of Brahman ; Para-
mesh^in ; the female attendants of Brahman ; Agni ;
V4yu ; Varu^a ; Surya ; the moon ; the lunar man-
sions ; Sadyo^ata ; BhM-purusha ; Bhuva^-purusha ;
Suva^-purusha ; BhM ; Bhuva-^ ; Suva^ ; Maha^ ;
6^ana>^ ; Tapa^ ; Satya.
6. ' Om, I satiate the god Bhava ; .Sarva ; l^ina ;
Paaipati ; Rudra ; Ugra ; Bhlmadeva ; Mahideva ;
the wife of the god Bhava ; of the god .Sarva ; of the
god Ij-ana ; of the god Pa^upati ; of the god Rudra ;
of the god Ugra; of Bhlmadeva; of Mahadeva; the
son of Bhava ; of .Sarva ; of I-sana ; of Pa^upati ; of
