5. Gautama XVI, 2.
64 VASISHTYfA. XIII. 6.
months and a half or during five months and a half.
6. After (the expiration of) that (period), he may
study (the Vedas) during the bright half of each
month,
7. But the supplementary treatises (Angas) of
the Veda at pleasure (both during the bright and
the dark halves of each month).
8. Interruptions of the (Veda-study shall take place),
9. If it thunders during the twilight,
10. During (both) the twilights (of each day),
11. In towns where a corpse (lies) or A'aWalas (stay).
1 2. At pleasure (he may study seated) in (a place)
which has been smeared with cowdung and around
which a line has been drawn.
13. (Let him not study) near a burial-ground,
14. (Nor) lying down,
1 5. Nor when he has eaten or received a gift at a funeral sacrifice ;
1 6. And with reference to this (subject) they quote a verse of Manu, ' Be it fruit, or water, or
6-7. Manu IV, 98.
9. Apastamba I, 3, 9, 20. 10. Gautama XVI, 12.
11. Gautama XVI, 19; Vislwu XXX, 10. The above transla- tion follows Krtsh»apa»<fita's gloss. But the Sutra may also be taken differently : ' In (villages) where a corpse lies or a K&nd&l*. stays (and) in towns.' For the prohibition to study in towns is mentioned by Gautama XVI, 45 ; Manu IV, 1 16 ; and Apastamba
12. Apastamba 1,3, 9, 5. The rule refers to places, such as high-roads, where studying is ordinarily forbidden.
13. Vishmi XXX, 15; Apastamba I, 3, 9, 6.
14. Gautama XVI, 17. 15. Gautama XVI, 34.
1 6. Manu IV, 117 somewhat resembles the verse quoted. But
XIII, a6. THE STUDY OF THE VEDA. 65
sesamum, or food, or whatever be the (gift) at a
•Sraddha, let him not, having just accepted it, recite
the Veda ; for it is declared in the Smrz'ti, that the
hand of a Brihma»a is his mouth.'
1 7. (Let him not recite the Veda) while he runs,
(nor) while a foul smell and the like (are perceptible,
nor) on barren ground,
1 8. (Nor) when he has ascended a tree,
19. (Nor) in a boat or in a camp,
20. Nor after meals while his hands are moist,
21. (Nor) while the sound of a V£#a (is heard),
22. (Nor) on the fourteenth day (of each half-
month, nor) on the new moon day, (nor) on the eighth
day (of each half-month, nor) on an Ash/akd,
23. (Nor) while he stretches his feet out, (nor)
while he makes a lap, (nor) while he leans against
(something), not (in any other unbecoming posture),
24. (Nor) close to his Gurus,
25. (Nor) during that night in which he has had conjugal intercourse,
26. (Nor) dressed in that garment which he had
on during conjugal intercourse, except if it has been
washed,
its altered form shows clearly that the Mdnava DhannajSstra known to Vasish/^a differed from the work which at present goes by that name. Compare also .Sankhayana Grzhya-sutra IV, 7, 55.
17. Yi^wavalkya 1, 150; Gautama XVI, 19; Manu IV, 120.
1 8. Apastamba I, 3, n, 16.
19. Vishwu XXX, 1 8; Manu IV, 121.
20. Apastamba I, 3, 10, 25.
21. Gautama XVI, 7, and note.
aa. Visb«u XXX, 4 ; Gautama XVI, 37-38. The Ash&kis are
the eighth days of the dark halves of the winter months, Marga-
jirsha, Pausha, M&gha, and Phalguna.
23. Vishmi XXX, 17 ; Manu IV, na. 26. Manu IV, 116.
66 VASISHTHA. XIII, 27.
27. (Nor) at the extremity of a village,
28. (Nor) after (an attack of) vomiting, (Nor) while voiding urine or faeces.
(Let him not recite) the Rig-veda, the Yafur-
veda, and (the Atharva-veda) while the sound of the
Saman melodies (is audible), nor (the Saman while
the other Vedas are being recited).
31. (Let him not study) before (his food is) digested,
32. (Nor) when a thunderbolt falls,
33. (Nor) when an earthquake happens,
34. Nor when the sun and the moon are eclipsed.
35. When a preternaturally loud sound is heard
in the sky, when a mountain falls, (and) when showers
of stones, blood or sand (fall from the sky, the Veda
must not be read) during the twenty-four hours (im~
mediately succeeding the event).
36. If meteors and lightning appear together, (the interruption shall last) three (days and) nights.
37. A meteor (alone and) a flash of lightning
(alone cause an interruption lasting) as long as the
sun shines (on that or the next day).
38. (If rain or other celestial phenomena come)
out of season, (the Veda must not be read) during
the twenty-four hours (immediately succeeding the
event).
27. Gautama XVI, 18. 28. Vishmi XXX, 19.
29. Gautama XVI, n. Krzsh«apa»<flta improperly divides the Sutra into two.
30. Vishmi XXX, 26. 31. Vishmi XXX, 21. 32-34. Vishmi XXX, 5 ; Gautama XVI, 22.
35. Gautama XVI, 22; Manu IV, 105, 115. Kr/sh«apa»<fita
mentions digdaha, ' when the sky appears preternaturally red,' as
a various reading for ' dign&da.'
38. Apastamba I, 3, n, 29.
Xiii, 48. Saluting. 67
39. If the teacher has died, (he shall not study the Veda) during three (days and) nights.
40. If the teacher's son, a pupil, or a wife (have died, he shall not study) during a day and a night.
41. Let him honour an officiating priest, a father-
in-law, paternal and maternal uncles, (though they
may be) younger than himself, by rising and saluting
them,
42. Likewise the wives of those persons whose feet must be embraced, and the teacher's (wives),
43. And his parents.
44. Let him say to one acquainted with (the meaning of) a salute, 'I N. N. ho! (salute thee);'
45. But him who does not know it (he shall address with the same formula, omitting his name).
46. When a salute is returned, the last vowel (of
the noun standing) in the vocative is produced to
the length of three moras, and if it is a diphthong
(e or o) changeable according to the Sandhi rules, it
becomes ay or av, e. g, bho, bhav.
47. A father who has committed a crime causing
loss of caste must be cast off. But a mother does
not become an outcast for her son.
48. Now they quote also (the following verses) :
39. Apastamba I, 3, 10, 2-4. 40. Vishnu XXXII, 4.
42. The persons intended are, the teacher and so forth. See Apastamba I, 4, 14, 7, note.
44. Gautama VI, 5.
45. Apastamba I, 4, 14, 23. KrtshnapaTufita combines this Sutra with the preceding.
46. Apastamba I, a, 5, 18. In returning a salute, the name of the person addressed is pronounced, and if it ends in a, the vowel is made pluta, while e and o are changed to aya and ava, e. g. Hare to Haraya.
47. Gautama XX, i ; XXI, 15 ; Apastamba 1, 10, 28, 9.
48. Manu II, 145.
68 VASISH77T A. XIII, 49.
' The teacher (&£arya) is ten times more venerable
than a sub-teacher (upadhyaya), the father a hundred
times more than the teacher, and the mother a
thousand times more than the father.'
49. ' A wife, sons, and pupils who are defiled by
sinful deeds, must first be reproved, and (if they do not
amend, then) be cast off. He who forsakes them
in any other way, becomes (himself) an outcast.'
50. An officiating priest and a teacher who neglect
to teach the recitation of the Veda, or to sacrifice,
shall be cast off. If he does not forsake them, he
becomes an outcast.
5 1. They declare that the male offspring of out- casts are (also) outcasts, but not the females.
52. For a female enters (the family of) a stranger.
53. He may marry such a (female) without a dowry.
54. ' If the teacher's teacher is near, he must be
treated like the teacher (himself). The Veda declares
that one must behave towards the teacher's son just
as towards the teacher.'
55. A Brahma^a shall not accept (as gifts) weapons, poison, and spirituous liquor.
56. Learning, wealth, age, relationship, and occupa- tion must be honoured.
57. (But) each earlier named (quality) is more venerable than (the succeeding ones).,
58. If he meets aged men, infants, sick men, load- carriers, women, and persons riding in chariots, he
49. Apastamba I, 2, 8, 29-30. 50. Gautama XXI, 12.
51. Apastamba 1, 10, 29, 14.
53. Manu II, 238; Yag-wavalkya III, 261.
54. Vishmi XXVIII, 29, 31. ' 56, Vishmi XXXII, 16. 58-59. Vishmi LXIII, 51.
Xiv, 6. Lawful and Forbidden Food. 69
must make way (for them, i.e.) for each later (named before those enumerated earlier).
59. If a king and a Snataka meet, the king must make (way) for the Snataka.
60. ^.11 (must make way) for a bride who is being conveyed (to her husband's house).
6 1 . Grass, room (for resting), fire, water, a welcome, and kind words never fail in the houses of good men.
CHAPTER XIV.
1. Now, therefore, we will declare what may be eaten and what may not be eaten.
2. Food given by a physician, a hunter, a woman
Of bad character, a mace-bearer, a thief, an AbhLyasta,
a eunuch, (or) an outcast must not be eaten,
3. (Nor that given) by a miser, one who has per-
formed the initiatory ceremony of a vSrauta-sacrifice,
a prisoner, a sick person, a seller of the Soma-plant, a
carpenter, a washerman, a dealer in spirituous liquor,
a spy, a usurer, (or) a cobbler,
4. Nor (that given) by a .Sudra,
5. Nor (that given) by one who lives by his weapons,
6. Nor (that given) by the (kept) paramour of a
61. Apastamba II, 2, 4, 14; Gautama V, 35-36.
XIV. 2. Vishnu LI, 7, 10-11. Da^ka, 'a mace-bearer,' may mean ' a police officer ' or ' a messenger.' I read with MSS. Bh. and F. shandfia., ' a eunuch,' instead of jaMa, ' a rogue,' the reading of the other MSS. and of Kr*sh»apart<fita.
3. Vishmi LI, 8-9, 12, 19 ; Gautama XVII, 17. I write su^aka, ' a spy,' instead of su^ika, ' a tailor,' according to the other Smn'tis, e. g. Vishnu LI, 12 ; Apastamba I, 6, 18, 30
4. Apastamba I, 6, 1 8, 13. 5. Apastamba I, 6, 1 8, 19. 6. Vishnu LI, 16 ; Gautama XVII, 18. I read with the majority
76 VASISH'rtfA. XIV, 7.
married woman, or by a husband who allows a paramour (to his wife),
7. Nor (that given) by an incendiary,
8. Nor (that given) by (a ruler) who does not slay those worthy of capital punishment,
9. Nor (food) offered publicly with these words, ' Who is willing to eat?'
10. Nor food given by a multitude of givers, or by harlots, and so forth.
TI. Now they quote also (the following verse):
' The gods do not eat (the offerings) of a man who
keeps dogs, nor of him whose (only) wife is of the
.Sudra caste, nor of him who lives in subjection to
his wife, nor of (a husband) who (permits) a paramour
(of his wife to reside) in his house.'
12. He may accept (the following presents even)
from such (people, viz.) firewood, water, fodder,
Kura grass, parched grain, (food) given without
asking, a vehicle, (shelter in) the house, small fish,
millet, a garland, perfumes, honey, and meat.
13. Now they quote also (the following verse):
' For the sake of a Guru, when he desires to save
his wife (and family from starvation), when he wishes
to honour the gods or guests, he may accept (presents)
from anybody; but let him not satisfy his (own hunger)
with such (gifts).'
of the MSS. ya^opapatiwz [pattiwz F.] manyate, instead of B.'s and Kr*'sh«apa«<fita's ya.r£opari manyate.
9. Apastamba I, 6, 18, 17.
10. Vishwu LI, 7. 'And so forth (iti), i.e. by cruel men and the like.' — Kr*'sh»apam/ita.
11. Vishmi LI, 15.
12. Gautama XVII, 3; Vishnu LVII, 10.
13. Vithmi LVII, 13; Manu IV, ^51.
Xiv, 21. Lawful and Forbidden Food. 71
14. Food given by a hunter who uses the bow must not be rejected.
15. For it is declared in the Veda, ' At a sacrificial
session (sattra), which lasted one thousand years,
Agastya went out to hunt. He had sacrificial cakes
prepared with the meat of beasts and fowls good
(to eat).'
1 6. With reference to this (subject) they quote
also some verses proclaimed by Pra^-apati, ' Pra^a-
pati (the Lord of created beings) has declared that
food freely offered and brought (by the giver himself)
may be eaten, though (the giver) be a sinful man, pro-
vided the gift has not been asked for beforehand.'
1 7. ' Food offered by a man who has faith must
certainly be eaten, even though (the giver) be a
thief, but not that given by (a Brahmawa) who sacri-
fices for many and who initiates many.'
1 8. 'The manes do not eat during fifteen years
(the food) of that man who disdains a (freely offered
gift), nor does the fire carry his offerings (to the
gods).'
19. ' But alms, though offered without asking, must
not be accepted from a physician, from a hunter, from
a surgeon or a (very) wicked man, from a eunuch, and
from a faithless wife.'
