1 6. (Or he shall punish him in the manner) which has been declared (above).
1 7. A student who has broken the vow of chastity shall offer an ass to Nirr/ti on a cross-road.
18. Putting on the skin of that (ass), with the
hair turned outside, and holding a red (earthen)
vessel in his hands, he shall beg in seven houses,
proclaiming his deed.
19. He will be purified after a year.
20. For an involuntary discharge caused by fear
or sickness, or happening during sleep, and if for
seven days the fire-oblations and begging have been
neglected, (a student) shall make an offering of clari-
fied butter or (place) two pieces of fuel (in the fire)
reciting the two (verses called) Retasya.
21. Let him who was asleep when the sun rose
remain standing during the day, continent and fast-
ing, and him who was asleep when the sun set
(remain in the same position) during the night,
reciting the Gayatri.
22. He who has looked at an impure (person), shall look at the sun and restrain his breath (once).
23. Let him who has eaten forbidden food [or
swallowed impure substances], (fast until) his entrails
are empty.
16. Above, i. e. XII, 2, where the mutilation of the offender has
been prescribed. See also Apastamba II, 10, 26, 20.
17-19. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 8-9.
20. Manu II, 181, 187; Y%ilavalkya III, 278, 281. The Retasyas are found Taittiriya Ara;/yaka I, 30.
21. Apastamba II, 5, 12, 22 ; Manu II, 220.
22. Manu V, 86. 'An impure person, i. e. a. J^dudah and the like. This rule refers to a student (who sees such a person) while he recites the Veda.' — Haradatta.
23-24. Apastamba I, 9, 27, 3-4. My copies omit amedhya-
Xxiii, 31- Penances. 287
24. (In order to attain that), he must entirely ab- stain from food at least for three (days and) nights.
25. Or (he becomes pure) after eating during
seven (days and) nights fruits that have become
detached spontaneously, avoiding (all other food).
26. (If he has eaten forbidden food mentioned
above) before five-toed animals, he must throw it
up and eat clarified butter.
27. For abuse, speaking an untruth, and doing
injury, (he shall practise) austerities for no longer
period than three (days and) nights.
28. If (the abuse) was merited, (he shall offer)
burnt-oblations, reciting (the Mantras) addressed to
Varuna. and (the hymns) revealed by Manu.
29. Some (declare, that) an untruth (spoken) at
the time of marriage, during dalliance, in jest or
while (one suffers severe) pain is venial.
30. But (that is) certainly not (the case) when (the untruth) concerns a Guru.
31. For if he lies in his heart only to a Guru re-
garding small matters even, he destroys (himself),
seven descendants, and seven ancestors.
prai-ane va, or has swallowed impure substances, and the words are not required, as another penance has been prescribed for the case above, Sutra 3. But see also Samavidhana I, 5, 13.
26. Manu XI, 161. The Sutras referred to are XVII, 9-26,
27. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 3. My copies read triratraparamam instead of triratram paramam. This reading, which seems pre- ferable, is also confirmed by the commentary, where the words are explained, triratraparataya parewa triratram.
28. According to Haradatta the texts addressed to Varu«a are yatki?« Xxdam, Taitt. Sawh. Ill, 4, 11, 6 ; imam me varuwa, tattva yami, Taitt. Sa;;/h. II, i, 11,6; and ava te he/o, Taitt. Sa?/^h. I, 5, II, 3. The hymns seen by Manu are Rig-veda VIII, 27-31.
29. Manu VII, 1 12.
288 GAUTAMA. XXIII, 32.
32. For intercourse with a female (of one) of the
lowest castes, he shall perform a Y^rikkhx2i penance
during one year.
33. (For committing the same sin) undesignedly,
(he shall perform the same penance) during twelve
(days and) nights.
34. For connexion with a woman during her
courses, (he shall perform the same penance) for
three (days and) nights.
Chapter XXIV.
1. A secret penance (must be performed) by him whose sin is not publicly known.
2. He who desires to accept or has accepted (a
gift) which ought not to be accepted, shall recite
the four T^/k-verses (IX, 58, 1-4), (beginning) Tarat
sa mandi, (standing) in water.
3. He who desires to eat forbidden food, shall scatter earth (on it).
4. Some (declare, that) he who has connexion
32. Apastamba I, 10, 28, lo-ii. Regarding the Y^rikkhxz. penance, see below, chapter XXVI.
34. Manu XI, 174; Ya^navalkya III, 288. XXIV. I. Manu XI, 248; Y%uavalkya III, 301.
2. Manu XI, 254. ' He who has accepted or desires to accept, i. e. because no other course is possible, (a present) offered by a man that is blamable on account of the caste of the giver or on account of his deeds, or (a present) that in itself is blamable, e. g. the skin of a black-buck and the like ... in water, i. e. according to some, standing in water that reaches to his navel ; according to others, entirely immersed in water.' — Haradatta.
3. Manu loc. cit. ' Forbidden food has been described above, XVII, 8, 9. If, being unable to act otherwise, he desires to eat that, he shall throw earth, i. e. a piece of earth, (into it) and then eat it.' — Haradatta.
4. Haradatta adds that he shall bathe, dressed in his garments.
Xxiv, 9- Penances. 289
with a woman during her courses becomes pure by bathing.
5. Some (declare, that this rule holds good) in the case of (one's own) wives (only).
6. The (secret) penance for killing a learned
Brahma;^a (is as follows): Living during ten days
on milk (alone) or (on food fit for offerings), during
a second (period of ten days) on clarified butter, and
during a third (period of ten days) on water, par-
taking of (such food) once only each day, in the
morning, and keeping his garments constantly wet,
he shall (daily) offer (eight) oblations, (representing)
the hair, the nails, the skin, the flesh, the blood, the
sinews, the bones, (and) the marrow. The end of
each (Mantra) shall be, ' I offer in the mouth of the
Atman (the soul), in the jaws of Death.'
7. Now another (penance for the murder of a Brahma;^a will be described):
8. The rule (as to eating and so forth), which has been declared (above, Sutra 6, must be observed),
9. (And) he shall offer clarified butter, reciting
(the sacred text Rig-veda I, 189, 2), 'O fire, do
thou ferry over,' the Mahavyahr/tis, and the Kush-
5. Haradatta adds that another commentator reads ekestrishu, i. e. eke astrishu, and explains the Sutra to mean, ' Some (declare the above rule to refer also) to a bestial crime.'
6. Ya^navalkya III, 303. According to Haradatta the complete Mantras are as follows: Lomanyatmano mukhe mr/tyorasye^uhomi svaha, nakhanya. m. m. a. ^uhomi svaha, &c. This secret penance is apparently a milder form of that prescribed Apastamba I, 9, 25, 12.
9. The Mahavyahrz'tis are, hhu/i, hhma/i, sva/z. Regarding the Kiishmawfi^as, see above, XIX, 12.
290 GAUTAMA. XXIV, lO.
10. Or, for the murder of a Brahma;2a, for drinking
spirituous liquor, for stealing (gold), and for the vio-
lation of a Guru's bed, he may perform that (same
vow), tire himself by repeatedly stopping his breath,
and recite (the hymn seen by) Aghamarsha/^a. That
is equal (in efficacy) to the final bath at a horse-
sacrihce ;
11. Or, repeating the Gayatri a thousand times, he, forsooth, purifies himself;
12. Or, thrice repeating (the hymn of) Agha-
marsha/^a while immersed in water, he is freed from
all sins.
Chapter XXV.
1. Now they say: 'How many (gods) does a student enter who violates the vow of chastity ? '
2. (And they answer): ' His vital spirits (go to)
the Maruts (winds), his strength to Indra, his emi-
nence in sacred learning to Brzhaspati, all the re-
maining parts to Agni.
3. He kindles the fire in the night of the new
moon, and oifers, by way of penance, two oblations
of clarified butter,
10, Manu XI, 260-261; Ya^ilavalkya III, 302. The vow intended is that prescribed above, Siltras 6, 8.
11. Apastamla I, 9, 26, 14-I, 9, 27, i. Haradatta remarks that the performer of the penance shall live on milk and stop his breath, repeatedly stopping his breath.
XXV. I . For this and the following five SAtras, see Taittiriya
Arawyaka II, 18, i seq.
2. 'All the remaining parts, i. e. his sight and the other organs of sense, go to Agni. Thus a student who has broken the vow of chastity becomes short-lived, weak, destitute of eminence in sacred learning, and destitute of sight, and so forth. Therefore a penance must be performed.' — Haradatta. It must, of course, be under- stood that the penance prescribed here, is a * secret penance.'
3. ' He, i. e. the unchaste student, shall kindle the fire in the
Xxv, 7- Penances. 29 1
4. (Reciting these two sacred texts), ' Defiled by
lust am I, defiled am I, oh Lust; to Lust svaha;'
'Injured by lust am I, injured am I, oh Lust; to
Lust svaha.' (Next) he (silently) places one piece of
sacred fuel (on the fire), sprinkles water round the
fire, offers the Ya^navastu (oblation), and approaching
(the fire) worships it, thrice (reciting the text), ' May
the waters sprinkle me.'
5. These worlds are three ; in order to conquer
these worlds, in order to gain mastership over these
worlds, (this rite must be performed.)
6. According to some, the above (described) rite
is a penance (for all hidden offences) in general, (and
they say) regarding it, 'He who maybe impure, as it
were, shall offer burnt-oblations In this manner, and
shall recite sacred texts in this manner ; the fee (of
the officiating priest shall be) whatever he may
choose.'
7. He who has been guilty of cheating, of calum-
niating, of acting contrary to the rule of conduct,
of eating or drinking things forbidden, of con-
nexion with a woman of the .S"udra caste, of an un-
natural crime, and even of performing magic rites
with intent (to harm his enemies), shall bathe and
night of the new moon, i. e. at midnight, in the manner declared in the Gnhyz-stira..' — Haradatta.
4. Haradatta says that while sprinkling water the performer shall recite the texts 'Aditi, thou hast permitted,' see Apastamba II, 2, 3, 17 note. The Ya^uavastu oblation, which follows after the Svish/akr/t offering, is described Gobhila Gnliya-sutra I, 8, 26-29.
7. Apastamba I, 9, 26, 7. The verses addressed to the Waters are, Rv. X, 9, i-3 = Taitt. Sa;;zh. IV, i, 5, i, and Taitt. Sawh. V, 6, I. Regarding those addressed to Varu;/a, see above, XXIII, 28. As an instance of 'other purificatory texts' Haradatta quotes Taittiriya-brahmawa I, 4, 8, i.
292 GAUTAMA. XXV, 8.
sprinkle himself with water, reciting the texts ad-
dressed to the Waters, or those addressed to
Varu;m, or other purificatory texts.
8. For offences committed by speaking or think-
ing of forbidden things, the five Vyahr/tis (must be
recited).
9. Or for all (offences) he may sip water, (reciting)
in the morning (the text), ' May the day and the sun
purify me;' and in the evening, 'The night and
Varu;^a.'
10. Or he may offer eight pieces of sacred fuel,
(reciting the texts beginning) ' Devakr/tasya.' By
merely offering them he becomes free from all sin.
Chapter XXVI.
1. Now, therefore, we will describe three Yi^rik- kk\:2.s (or difficult penances).
2. (During three days) he shall eat at the morning- meal food fit for offerings, and fast in the evening.
8. Regarding the five Vyahrz'tis, see above, I, 51.
10. Haradatta gives the following four Mantras : Devakr/'ta- syainasovaya^anam asi svaha, ' thou art the expiation for sin com- mitted by the gods,' svaha pitr/kritasyainaso . . . svaha, manushya- kr/tasyainaso . , . svaha, asmatkrz'tasyainaso . . . svaha. But see Va^asaneyi-sa;^ihita VIII, 13, where eight Mantras are given, and below, XXVII, 7.
XXVI. I. Samavidhana I, 2, i; Apastamba I, 9, 27, 7. Haradatta states that ata/^, 'therefore,' means 'because the K/vX-zi/zras cannot be performed if they have not been described,' while Sayawa, on the Samavidhana, asserts that it means 'because unpurified persons who are unable to oifer sacrifices cannot gain heavenly bliss without performing austerities such as 'Krikkhr^i?,! It is a remark- able fact that Haradatta does not seem to have been aware that the twenty-sixth chapter of Gautama is taken bodily from the Samavidhana.
2. Samavidhana I, 2, 2. 'Food fit for offerings, i.e. such as is not mixed with salt or pungent condiments.'
Xxvi, 12. Penances. 293
3. Next, he shall eat (food fit for offerings),
during another period of three days, in the even-
ing (only).
4. Next, during another period of three days, he shall not ask anybody (for food).
5. Next, he shall fast during another period of three days.
6. He who desires (to be purified) quickly, shall stand during the day, and sit during the night.
