Pahlavi Texts (E. W. West) — Google-digitized scan set (includes Part III material)

* This appears to be the reverse of the meaning of Av. bft^ya- man6 in Yt. I, 17, but see the first fragment of Nask XIV, quoted in Y\g. pp. 160, 161.

" The last month of the Parsi year, named after the archangel Spendarma^/ (see Dk. VIII, Chap. IX, 3).

' The five intercalary days that follow the last month, in order to make the twelve months, of thirty days each, correspond with a year of 365 days. They coincide with the Hamaspa^6d6ra season-festival, originally intended to celebrate the vernal equinox.-

476 EXTANT FRAGMENTS,

XVI. GanabA-sar-nigad Nask\

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXII, 2, probably refers to the
passage which contained the statement thus quoted
in Sis. X, 1 3 : — 'It is revealed in the Ganabd-sar-
n}g€d, where a day in the year is indicated, that the
sacred tAread-girdlc of every one who shall be one
day more than fourteen years and three months o/d *
is to be tied on — ii is better so than when he
remains unto fifteen years, and then ties on the
girdle — who is more cared for, that way, than those
of five {pr nine) months in the womb of the mother,
on whom they should put it'

Xvii. Hosparam Nask^

A small portion of this Nask is still preserved and
known by the name of Nlrangistin. The last seven-
eighths of this text corresponds with the description
of the Ntrangistdn section of the HOspdram, given
in Dk. VIII, Chap. XXIX, 1-17, although a few
folios of its commencement are probably lost And

* The very long account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 2,179 Pahlavi words, from which the extent of its original text may be estimated (in the same way as in the case of Nask XVII) at about 28,000 Avesta and 251,500 Pahlavi words.

' So as to include the nine months' existence, before birth, in the prescribed fifteen years.

» As the 212 Pahlavi words in Dk. VIII, Chap. XXIX, 1-17, represent about 2,722 words of the original Avesta text of this Nask, with 24,472 of its Pahlavi version, it may be fairly assumed that the 3,496 Pahlavi words of the whole account of the Nask in Chaps. XXVIII-XXXVII, must represent about 44,900 Avesta and 403,600 Pahlavi words of original text. And the same pro- portion probably holds good with regard to the other Legal Nasks, XV, XVI, XVIII, of which very long accounts are given.

Extant Fragments. 477

the earlier portion of the text begins with a fragment
of a passage ; which appears to correspond with part
of the description of the A^rpatistdn section, given
in Chap. XXVIII, i ; but also contains passages
that are difficult to trace in any part of that de-
scription. The Nlrangistin portion of this text is
divided into three fargar^s, and Dd. LXVI, i
mentions * five fargar^s 0/ the Avesta of the correct
law of the Nlrangistdn, which are easy through
the Zand;* so that the missing portion of this
section of the Nask, described in Chap. XXIX,
18-25, must have contained two fargardfe. With
regard to the unidentified passages, preceding the
Nlrangistdn portion of the extant text, it may be
remarked that they include several of the statements
about 'unseasonable chatter' contained in Sis. V, 3-6,
where they are differently arranged.

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXIX, 2, refers to a passage
which may have contained the statement thus men-
tioned in Sis. XII, I : — * Of the merit of a threefold
consecration of the sacred cake the high-priests have
specially taught in the Hiispdram that it is as much
as that of 2l, lesser form of worship.'

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXIX, 8, refers to the passage
which probably contained the statement thus quoted
in Sis. XII, 31 : — *Of the ceremonies which go to
the bridge as sin it says this in the HAspdram, that
they are the non-celebration of the rites of the
season-festivals, the Rapltz/ln, the three nights after
a death, the days of the guardian spirits, and the sun
and moon.'

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXII, i, refers to the passage
which must have contained the statement thus
mentioned in Sis. XIII, 17: — *The six hot ordeals

478 EXTANT FRAGMENTS,

which, in the H(ksp4ram, are effected by i^athray&im 4thrai5mV

Dk. VIII, Chap, XXXIII, 4, refers to the passa^^e
which must have contained the statement thus men-
tioned in Pahl, Vend. XV, 67 : — * What is as to the
sick dog in the HfispAram is, '^when several doors are
together, it is just ^the nourishment at each one Ae
only for three nights, and then, when opulence is
manifest, the delivery be unto that opulent one^ and
when not, the delivery be unto him who is good." '

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXV, 2, probably refers to
the passage which contained the statement thus
mentioned in Sis. XII, 7: — * In the twentieth* of
the HOspAram it is shown that over the soul of him
who works in the dark there is more predominance
of the evil spirit.*

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVI, 7, or 13, probably
refers to the passage thus mentioned in Dd. LXI, 3 :
— * Nearer details of the family guardianship which
is proper and which is not proper for an adopted
son s duty, of the child of the good religion with
whose business // is connected, and of the fathers for
whom a family guardian is to be appointed, are in
the recital of five fargar^s' of the HdspAram.'

Dk. VIII, Chag. XXXVI, 8-12, probably refers
to the passage which contained the statement thus
quoted in Sis. X, 21, XII, 14: — * In the fourteenth*

* This corrupt Avesta means probably * fourfold fire.'

* The first section mentioned of these twenty is that described in Chap. XXXII.

* See Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVI. i n.

* That is, in one of the last fourteen sections of the Nask. If it were not for this number, and the fact that the passage is under- stood to apply to the children of a concubine, it might be connected with Chap. XXXIV, 4, 5.

Extant Fragments. 479

of the Hilksp4ram Nask the high-priests have taught
thus: " My son is suitable even as thy son, but my
daughter is not suitable even as thy daughter." '

No allusion has been noticed in Dk. VIII, Chaps.
XXVIII-XXXVII, to the two passages in Pahl.
Vend. IV, 35, V, 73, referring to this Nask, which
have been already quoted as also referring to
Nask XV.

XVIII. SakAdOm Nask^

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVIII, I, 2, refer to pas-
sages, one of which may possibly have contained
the statement thus quoted in Sis. XII, 2 : — * It says
in the Sakfi^dm that no one of them, that is an
inattentive man who has no high-priest, attains to
the best existence, not though his recitation should
be so much that it has made his duty and good
works as much as the verdure of the plants when it
shoots forth in spring, the verdure which is given
abundantly by Afiharmasr^/

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVIII, 3, refers to a passage
which is thus quoted in Sis. X, 25: — *When an
action or an opinion comes forward, and one does
not know whether // be a sin or a good work, when
possible it is to be abandoned and not carried out
by him, as it says in the Sakd^/flm that Zaratfirt has
not provided about anything whatever as regards
everything, but three times it has been done by
Zaratii^t about this duty, that is, so that the Avesta

' The very long account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 4,129 Pahlavi words, from which the extent of its original text may be estimated (in the same way as in the case of Nask XVII) at about 53,000 Avesta and 476,600 Pahlavi words.

480 EXTANT FRAGMENTS.

and Zand, when made quite easy by any one, are
for recitation, but are not to be mumbled, for, in
mumbling, the portions of the Ahunavair are more
chattering/ 1

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVIII, 6, refers to the '
passage thus mentioned in Sis. XII, 12: — * Where
a child is born, during three days, for protection
from demons, wizards, and witches, a fire is to be
made at night until A'^y lights and is to be maintained
there by day, and pure incense is to be put upon it,
as is revealed in the thirtieth ^ of the Saka^j?i&m.'

Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVIII, 33, refers to the
passage which contained the statements thus quoted
in Ep. I, viii, i, 7: — 'It is declared in the Sak&z/Am,
that the consecrated bull's urine, when it becomes

^ That is, in one of the first thirty sections (see Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVIII, i).

'-* Both K20 and MH6 have am at, 'though,* instead of pavan hamin. This first sentence corresponds with part of Chap. XLI, 19, and the following sentence with part of Chap. XXXVIII, 13.

E3ctant Fragments. 48 1

fetid, is to be stirred up \ and they should not carry
it forth so to the fire, so that the stench extends to
the fire ; because, if that stench extends to the fire.
on account of the moisture and through carrying
bodily refuse over and forth to the fire, it overwhelms
it. And that which the Sak4^Ckm Aw declared is,
specially, that one of the high-priests has individually
said : " That stench is mentioned with reference to
the occasion when a stench reaches it of a different
\i\Vidi front that which exists naturally in it." '

Dk. VIII, Chap. XLIII, 33, refers to the passage
which contained the statements thus mentioned in
Sis. XII, 10, XIII, 30: — *In the twenty-two* sections
of the SakS^ftm grievous things are shown about
those who do not make offerings unto the sacred
beings.' And, again, * while those nineteen {stanzas
of Vas. XL VI) are our offering, which it says in
the SakS^Ckm should be my own, the strength and
power of the sacred beings shall become more
considerable, and the destroyer more perishable.'

XIX. VENDtoAz) Nask*.

The whole of this Nask (as described in Dk. VIII,
Chap. XLIV) is still extant, and is considered by
the writers of the Persian Rivdyats to be a complete
work. Its fragmentary character, which is obvious
enough to European scholars, must, therefore, be

^ This statement is again mentioned in § 6.

» The last twenty-two (see Dk. VIII, Chap. XLI, i).

* The extent of this Nask appears to be the same now as it was in Sasanian times, and may be estimated at about 23,000 Avesta and 48,000 Pahlavi words. The moderately long account of it in Dk. VIII, contains 1,272 Pahlavi words.

[37] I i

482 PXTANT FRAGMENTS.

attributed, in all probability, to losses it sustained
before the revival of Mas^-worship by the Sasanian
dynasty. It is remarkable that the compiler of the
account in the Dtnkara? makes no allusion to the
twelfth fargarfl? of the Vendld^, which is also
omitted in all old MSS. of the Vendldiflf with
Pahlavi that have been examined, although the
copyists appear to have been aware of the existence
of a twelfth fargar^.

XX. HAd6kht Nask^.

It is doubtful how much of this Nask is still
extant. Traditionally, the two fragments published
by Westergaard as Yt. XXI, XXII (excepting
XXII, 37-42), and by Haug as Hn. I, II, III, are
said to belong to this Nask; but no allusion to
Hn. II, III can be found in the account given in
Dk. VIII, Chap. XLV, and Hn. I can be traced in
that account only by assuming that the Ahunavair
is therein mentioned (in } i) instead of its accom-
panying Ashem-vohft, as it appears to be in Hn. 1, 4.
In Yt. XI we also appear to have a form of the
Sr6sh Ya^t derived from the H&^6kht Nask, or
used in the liturgy when that Nask was recited, and
this YaJt likewise refers (in § 3) to the Ahunavair in
similar terms to those used in Hn. I, 4.

Die VIII, Chap. XLV, i, refers to the passage
which contained the statement about the Ahunavair
already mentioned and also thus quoted in Sis.

^ The short account of this Nask, in Dk. VIII, contains 295 Pahlavi words which, according to the proportions adopted in the case of Nask XIII, would represent about 8,400 Avesta and 17,400 Pahlavi words of original text.

Extant Fragments. 483

XII, 19: — 'It says in the Hi^okht that of the
sayings which are spoken out the Ahunavair is that
which is most triumphant/

Dk. VIII, Chap. XLV, 4, refers to the passage
which probably contained the statements thus quoted
in the Afrln-i Gahanb&r, 14-19 (Sp.), concerning the
righteous gifts to be given away, for the sake of the
soul, at each of the six season-festivals : — * There is
an A vesta witness manifest in the HS//6kht from
the passage (/« the case of the MaidhyS-zaremaya
festival) : '* Hazangrem maeshinSm da^nunSim paiti-
puthranam naram ashaonSm ashaya vanghuya urune
para-daithy&//, advah^ h&tSm ^nminahS ydid ashahS
vahirtah^."' During the other five festivals the
gifts, instead of ewes, are to be cows, mares, camels,
and all kinds of herds and seeds, respectively, as
appears from the corresponding passages. All six
passages, mingled with further Avesta text, occur in
several MSS. of the Afrlng4n-i Gahanb&r (see the
earlier part of each section of Af. Gah. 7-12, ed.
Geldner).