» See Pahl. Yas. XXXIII, 13 a.
• See Chap. XI, in; it is here written yS-shdotno in
Pahlavi.
» See Pahl. Yas. XXXIV, i a. * Ibid. 8 a.
;46 DtNKAJiD, BOOK IX.
(adtv&gl-aito r6shan!-att6), and there arises a
class of mankind who see the admission (parv&-
naklh) of\S\t, apostate into hell, and he is disabled
when it is seen by them.
3. This, too, that by him who is eager ^ for know-
ledge, knowledge is grasped and taught ; even for
this reason, because knowledge is taught through
that which is the instruction of every science and the
original desire for it, and mankind shall extol his
knowledge; it is also coveted by them for being
taught, and they mount and grasp //. 4. This, too,
that to slay ^ an apostate is taught by the good one
who is united (h ami-alt) with a good man; even
for this reason, because the destruction (a6sh) of
Aharman arises from the union of the good. 5. This,
too, that by him who is a disturber (vishftftclr) as
to Vchflman the production of development through
Vohftmanic rule^ is taught; sinners lawfully sub-
jected to the bridge judgment (pGhallni^/o) for
Vohftmanic disturbance, and the command for it by
rulers and high-priests, being a preparation for the
development of the world.
6. This, too, that a great ordinance* is taught by
him whose ceremonial * is for AOharmaar^ ; even for
this reason, because a comprehension of Afiharmajs:^/
and serving him are the foundation of joy (parkin
bfln), and the ownership and concentration (h an-
ger ^Iklh) of all good works are themselves the
great ordinance of the faithful whose preparation is
through the ownership, and their welcome is more
particularly in the ceremonial ; owing to the same
» See Pahl. Yas. XXXIV, 9 a. » Ibid. 10 c.
' Ibid. II b. ^ Ibid. 12 a, b. ' Ibid. 12 a.
Chapter Lvi, 3-Io. 347
reason, the original possession of the great ordi-
nance of the ceremonial which is AfiharmasflTs own,
and (j/" other good works — even though relating to
the ceremonial of Atiharmasr^ of every kind owing
thereto — is necessary for the manifestation of the
great ordinance, and is incorporated (ham-tanfi)
with it when it becomes manifest as a great ordi-
nance, or as more than a great ordinance ; even then
its extent (vili^no) is over this joy. 7. This, too,
that the performance (sakhtirlh) of a ceremoniaP
of the needy is a gift to the worthy of the creation,
and a gift to the worthy of the creation is the attrac-
tion (h4kht&rlh) of a ceremonial of the needy.
8. This, too, that the way of righteousness *, also
that through which that way is seen, and likewise
the reward of those lonely-labouring (afivar'^rlk&n)
therein are taught by him whose deeds are an ad-
vantage to the sacred beings ; even for this reason,
because the advantage of the sacred beings is the
advantage of the multitude, and the advantage of
the multitude, which is itself the religion of the
sacred beings that is a guide, is the way of righteous-
ness and also that through which is the reward of
those lonely-labouring. 9. This, too, that even the
reward of a teacher of professionals, which is the
profit of the profession, is liberally given and appro-
priated for the professionals taught ; even for this
reason, because the business of the sacred beings has
profited by the instruction (4m(ik6).
10. Excellence that is perfect is righteousness.
^ See Pahl. Yas. XXXIV, 12 a. * Ibid. 12 c.
348 DtNKAJZD, BOOK IX.
Chapter LVIL BakS Nask.
I. The eleventh fargar^?, the Yasna\ is that the
whole of the good works which are to accomplish,
and those, too, which are accomplished *, are appro-
priated by the righteous man who teaches virtue ^ to
the righteous; even for this reason, of the good
works which one accomplishes, and those, too, which
are accomplished, there is all one store (a nbir), from
the work (var*£?o) of the original good creation even
to the renovation of the universe^ and ever afresh the
teaching of virtue by those who are righteous comes
to the accumulation of the righteous and the accom-
plishment of that store, and they, too, are in posses-
sion of that store, in partnership with the other
righteous. 2. This, too, that it is because he would
do the best for his own*, whose meditation of the
liturgy is for those who are archangels, and who
also maintains, for the assistance of the good, the
strength which is his for the existences. 3. And
this statement indicates the great participation of
any one in that store, because when that store is
really an accumulation of work on the way, for the
partners in that store who have dofte more, and also
those who have accomplished less, and remains, more-
over, in the possession of them all, then, as to those
accomplishing more of it, through the original pos-
session of most of that work, and also through that
which occurs when the accomplishers have attained
to that plenty more particularly owing to their more
labour, and likewise through the property, liberally,
* See Chap. XII, in; it is here written yast6 in Pahlavi. « See Pahl. Yas. XXXV, 5. » Ibid. 4. * Ibid. 6.
Chapter Lvii, 1-8. 349
largely, and lordlily, of those accomplishing more,
and the indigence, unafflictedly ^ scantily, and sub-
ordinately, of those accomplishing less, it is reason-
able to speak of that store as in their possession, and
of their superiority as greatly over those accom-
plishing less. 4. This, too, that his work is good
work whose liberality is for the archangels; even
for this reason, because through a little labour for
the sacred beings, which is itself that liberality, he
contributes duty and good works.
5. This, too, that it becomes best for him, in
both existences ^, who teaches a wishing for living
in diligence to mankind; even for this reason,
because he is a preserver of them through the
wishing for living, and his soul, through the dili-
gence owing to him, attains perfection, here from
mankind and in yonder world from the sacred
beings. 6. This, too, that the ceremonial and obei-
sance of A(iharma^^* are performed by him who is
in the way of like thinking and like praising of the
law of Aliharma^r^ with all the worshippers of
Aflharmasr^. 7. This, too, that he is in the leader-
ship of his religion* who makes the knowledge of
religion ever afresh ; even for this reason, because
every item of knowledge which he provides increases
some greatness of it. 8. This, too, that he is in the
service of his religion * who demands the knowledge
of religion ever afresh ; even for this reason, be-
cause so long as he demands more, he becomes
nearer to a knowledge of religion.
* Pahl. abfishthi, but it should perhaps be av^jiha, 'unabun- dantly/
« See Pahl. Yas. XXXV, 9. » Ibid. 19. * Ibid. 22.
350 DtNKAiU), BOOK IX,
9. This, too, that mankind's wishing for life is
authorised (dastovarlni^o) by him who authorises
the production of anything for mankind ; even for
this reason, because authority (dastdbarlh) over
the production of anything is conjoined with that
which is for the wishing for life ; so that whosever
production of anything is authorisedly, their life is
free from any discomfort ; and whosever wishing
for life is authorisedly, his production of anything
is also authorisedly. 10. This, too, that acceptance,
hints, and words are given ^ to A(iharmasrfl? by him
who asks again, that which he does not understand
of the religion, from him who does understand;
even for this reason, because knowledge is com-
pleted through these three things: obtainment,
hints, and speaking, and all three are asked again
by him who does not understand. 1 1. This, too,
that the words of Adharma^^ ^ are taught by him
who teaches the acceptance, remembrance, and
speaking of the religion; even for this reason,
because this is the recital of that compendium
(hangerfl^lkih).
12. This, too, that the care® and reverence of
fire are provided by him who is liberal to a fire as
regards anything he supplies for the care and
reverence which others shall provide for the fire, and
he becomes equally rewarded for it 13. This, too,
that by him who teaches the religion of AAharma^^
with joyfulness *, the care and reverence of fire are
* See Pahl. Yas. XXXV, 25. * Ibid. 27.
' See Pahl. Yas. XXXVI, i. This section implies that the
attendant who feeds a fire with fuel supplied by others, obtains an
equal share of merit with them.
* Ibid. 4, 5«
Chapter Lvii, Q-Iq. 35 1
provided as declared by the religion ; even for this
reason, because even that which is taught by him
combines with the action due to that teaching.
14. This, too, that the obeisance ^ to those requiring obeisance is arranged dy him who loves Vohiiman.
15. This, too, that fire is strengthened — for that
work, achieved in the future existence, which is the
greatest ^ that exists — by him who invokes fire with
the title of fire; even for this reason, because the
title is put by him upon a nature that is laudable,
and when invoked by him with that title the praised
one is then strengthened by him.
1 6. This, too, that he becomes informed as to the
religion of A6harma^//^ who teaches the religion
of KiXhdirmdizd with pleasure ; even for this reason,
because every knowledge is exercised and increased
by teaching. 17. This, too, that Aftharma^rf is
propitiated by the excellent sagacity of him who
teaches virtuous words and actions * ; even for this
reason, because sagacity has two parts, the speak-
able and the workable. i8. This, too, that the
bodily form (kerpo) of Aftharmae:^ is praised as
perfection (n^vakStftmlh)* by him who elevates
(bS,listlne^6) his own soul® to the station of the
sun''; even for this reason, because that bodily
form of Afkharma^^ exists, and becomes the loftiest
and most perfect in the station of the sun.
19. This, too, that all excellence is purely pro- duced for Adharmas:^ by him who has root in the
> See Pahl. Yas. XXXVI, 5. « Ibid. 6.
« Ibid. 7. * Ibid. 11.
» Ibid, 14. • Ibid. 15.
^ Ibid. 16; the highest grade of heaven below the supreme heaven, which latter is called GardAnin (see Sis. VI, 3 n).
352 DtNKA^i), BOOK IX.
23. This, too, that his personality (khft^/lh) is
the sacred beings own*, who maintains the rites •
with the assistance of the righteous. 24. This, too,
that his own is in the guardianship "^ of the sacred
beings, whose vehemence is through Good Thought ;
^ See Pahl. Yas. XXXVII (=V), 2. • Ibid. 6.
> See Pahl. Yas. XXXVIII, 10-12. * Ibid. 13-15.
» See Pahl. Yas. XXXIX, 13.
* Assuming that r(0* atin stands for rxr &yin&n, as mftn atin is ungrammatical.
^ See Pahl. Yas. XXXIX, 15.
Chapter Lvii, 20-Lviii, I. 353
even for this reason, because his bravery is for the
law. 25. This, too, that life is given to mankind
by him who shall do that which is able to remain
good for them. 26. This, too, that the friendship
of AHh^rmsizd is appropriated by him who has
AHharmazd as a guardian, and perpetual guardian-
ship is appropriated by him who teaches to man-
kind that thing which becomes their perpetual
guardianship m yonder world.
27. This, too, that he causes righteousness* who
thinks of anything which is virtuous. 28. This, too,
that he has cscused the good commands and pro-
pitiousness * of Afkharma^fl?^ who gives his body and
life ' to the sacred beings ; and body and life are
given to the sacred beings by him who affords
friendship to the religion of ZaratA^t. 29, And
this, too, that to him who affords friendship to
AAharmasTflf it occurs owing to the guardianship of
Aftharmaar// ; and that guardianship is perpetually *
connected with him who teaches to others that
thing which always constitutes their companionship
with the sacred beings.
30. Excellence that is perfect is righteousness.
Chapter LVII I.
BakS Nask.
I. The twelfth fargaraf, U^tavaiti*, is that the
benefit of him who is reverent to the benefiters is
the benefit of any one whatever ^ ; even for this
» See Pahl. Yas. XL, 7.
« See Pahl. Yas. XLI, 6. » Ibid. 7. * Ibid. 17.
* See Chap. XIII, i n ; it is here written atixtdito in Pahlavi.
« See Pahl. Yas. XLII, i a.
[37] A a
354 DiNKAJU), BOOK IX.
reason, because the benefit of the immature creation
is owing to carrying out the commands of a bene-
fiting spiritual lord. 2. This, too, that whoever
pleases superiors by submission, is pleased by in-
feriors. 3. This, too, that by him who gives thought
to the religion of Zaratilrt, that which is best for his
own in every mode^ is produced, because he has
attained to the religion who is listening best 4. This,
too, that virtue is taught by him to all the creatures
of the beneficent spirit, to the righteous whose
stepping forth (fravimi^no) is for the righteous ;
even for this reason, because the cfeatures of the
beneficent spirit are all of one nature, and the
stepping forth (fragimis-nS) and hastening of the
limbs of one body become those of the whole 0/
that body. 5. This, too, that his spirit is connected
with Kixh^rmzzd^y and his knowledge is accepted,
who loves VohAman ; even for this reason, because
the spirit who is the original spiritual lord of know-
ledge is Vohtiman. 6. This, too, that just giving is
taught by him whose words are through Voh6man*;
even for this reason, because the speaking of vir-
tuous words becomes the teaching of knowledge in
which there is also just giving.
7. This, too, that joy which is of long duration is
produced* for his own by him who brings forth
strength through virtue, and who also assists him
who is unborn ; even for this reason, because joy
which is perpetual increases by both. 8. This, too,
that by him who is an assistance of those in the
proper way, the proper way is taught to mankind * ;
