1 This paragraph is omitted in the Pahlavi text, being merely given in the Avesta (for the sake of brevity) so far as the words are not included in the brackets.
* The three holes for washing with water.
* That is, three English inches south of the six furrows which separate the first six holes from the last three, at the point D on the plan.
* That is, the person undergoing purification shall be rubbed with dust until he is quite dry.
446 APPENDIX.
body twice with water. 129. At the third hole he
shall then purify over his own body thrice with
water.
130. ‘Afterwards, he who is perfumed with san-
darac (rasn6)}, or benzoin, or aloes’, or any other
of the most odoriferous of plants, (131) shall then
put on zs clothes. 132. Then he who has deen by
the dead shall come to that approach, the approach
to fis abode®’
(2. The clothing is always cleansed by the Khshvash-maunghé (“the six-months’ process”) *.
6. Afarg® said two purifiers are requisite®, and of
the two he is suitable who has performed the ritual ;
thus they have been very unanimous; when he
scores the furrow, washes that wzclean person in the
customary places, and utters the Avesta he has per-
formed it; the other, when he has not performed 2¢,
1 Av. urvasna (which is translated by Pahl. rasn6) is supposed, in India, to mean sandal-wood.
2 These are supposed, in India, to be the two substances meant by the Av. vohfi-gaona and vohfi-kereti, which are merely transcribed by the Pahl. hf-gén and hfi-keret. The Avesta text adds a fourth perfume, named hadh4 na€épata, which is under- stood to mean the pomegranate bush, although that plant seems to yield no perfume.
® For the continuation of the instructions see § 133; the text being here interrupted by a long Pahlavi commentary on the whole of the foregoing description of the ceremony.
* This sentence is evidently incomplete in the Pahlavi text. The process is thus described in Pahl. Vend. VII, 36 :—If it be that 2# is woven, they shall wash z# over six times with bull’s urine, they shall scrape together six times on the earth wh 7/ [so that they quite dislodge its moisture purely], they shall wash z/ ove. six times with water, avd they shall perfume over 7/ six months at a window in the house.’ For the Avesta version of this descrip- tion, which is nearly the same, see Sls. II, 95 n.
o Seeatp.luvees ® See: Ep. L-vij ap Lai,
Iv. the Bareshnom Ceremony. 447
is unsuitable; when ¢here shall also be one who is
suitable! he fully solemnizes a Vendidad service, for
this purpose, with a dedication (shnumand6) ¢o
Srésh.
c. For every single person, at the least, one cup,
alike of water and bull’s urine, is to be set down zz
that place’, and at the beginning of its consecration z¢
is to be thoroughly inspected, and at the Vendidad
zt is to be thoroughly inspected; afterwards, when it
is covered, z¢ is also well; the pebbles cast into z¢4
they should carry back to the holy-water, there is
no use for them; when thoroughly consecrated it is
always suitable, until it becomes quite fetid®.
d. For the avoidance of an unsecluded (ag fbal)
menstruous woman nava vibazva dragé (‘the
length of nine fathoms’)® from her is necessary,
when she stands nearest ; in a wild spot the herbage
is to be dug up’; when they shall make the purzfying
place in the town, and a path, or a stream, or a wall
does not extend into it, it is suitable ; and the cleanly
plucking up of its small trees, extracting ‘hem in the
daytime with vecztatzou of the Avesta of Zarattist®
—those which are thick not existing among the
holes—is proper.
e. And every one who digs the holes, with what-
ever he digs, axd whenever he digs, is suitable; four
finger-breadths and two finger-drcadths® is no matter;
1 See Ep. I, vi, 7. 2 See Ep. I, vii, r.
* 14 has ‘7/ is to be taken up, by omitting the first letter of nikirisnd,
* See Ep. I, vii, 16, II, iii, 12. 5 See Ep. I, viii, 1-6.
® See § 8. " See § 7.
* These twelve words do not oceur in L4,.
* See § 13.
448 APPENDIX.
each hole is at a minimum astance of three feet}, at
a maximum as much as oe thoroughly purifies his
body in; and ¢hey.are to be formed in it from the
north, and are to be dug in the direction towards its
more southern side.
f. In the dayéeme is the purifiers scoring of the
furrows, and with a blade ¢#ey are to be scored ; with
the recital of the Avesta* ¢hey are to be scored; in
the day ¢hey are to be scored’; in that day ¢hey are
to be scored, when a furrow is scored, three Ashem-
vohiis‘, the Fravarané®, whatever period of the day
one considers z¢ Zo be, the dedication fo Srésh*, and
its zwward prayer’ are to be taken up zxwardly.
g. Lt is also to be done inside it from the north,
and its end is to be passed back at the end; for
every single furrow ¢here is one Yatha-aht-vairyé ®
at the least, and at the most as many as are possible
for it; a furrow is not to be scored again for a
furrow, until z¢ is to be put into use; whenever it
is fully disturbed z¢ is to be scored again with ¢he
recital of its Avesta; when prepared for use azd one
scores z¢ again it is no matter.
1 See $$ 14, 15:
* The Ahunavar or Yatha-ah-vairyd (see § ¢). . 2.50: ini ad. * See Dd. LXXIX, 1, note.
That is, the profession of faith (Yas. I, 65), which is as fol- lows :—‘I will profess myself a Zarathustrian Mazda-worshipper, opposed to the demons and of the Ahura faith:’ This is followed by the dedication to the period of the day, which is given for the first period only in Yas, I, 66, 67; the dedications for the other periods will be found in Gah II-V, tr.
Sir Lye
” See Dd. XL, 5, note. All the prayers here detailed are to be murmured merely as a preliminary spell, but while each furrow is being scored a further formula is to be recited (see § g).
® See pp. 385-386.
Iv. the Bareshnom Ceremony. 449
hk. Once the outside of the body is to be made
quite clean from the bodily refuse! of the world ; and
the hair dezng tied up—it is no use to cut the pubes
(nihand)—e is also to be brought into it (the
precinct) from the north to the holes.
z. The purifier stands up on the right-hand side,
and when he retains the zzward prayer from scoring
the furrows? it is proper; when not, the prayer to be
taken zzwardly by him—which is his utterance of
Nemaséa ya Armaitis iza#4 (‘and the homage which
is devotion and nourishment’)*—is also that which is
to be uttered dy the unclean person; and when ke
is not able to speak, z¢ is both times to be uttered
for him.
j. And his hands are to be thoroughly washed
three times, not in the inside; as ¢o the other cus-
tomary parts (pisak) Afarg has said three times, not
in the inside, du¢ Méddk-mah* one time; also the
water and bull’s uririe, such as are necessary for him,
are to be conveyed on to him; and a portion (bah-
rak) is to be preserved for him away from the body,
and, when anything comes upon him, a little bull’s
urine is to be dropped down upon him; likewise,
1 See Dd. XLVIII, 19 n.
* That is, when he has not broken its spell by talking, since he began the scoring.
® These are the Avesta words from Yas. XLVIII, 10, c, of which the Pahlavi version is given in §§ 33, 34.
(18) Gg
450 APPENDIX.
any customary part, while deing washed by him, is to
be preserved from that which is not washed; when
it comes upon it, it is improper.
k. When a drop of water (Av ytigak6-1) shall
remain upon zm, Ais hand is to be thoroughly
rubbed over it; when at the same hole and he
becomes doubtful as to a customary fart}, when he
knows which, zt is to be washed by him again, and
from that onwards ¢hey are always to be washed
again by him; when he does not know whzch, the
beginning of ¢he washing at the hole is to be done
again by him, and when he comes unto that which
he did before, when he knows 2¢, he is also to go
again to that after it, from his doing again of the
beginning of the washing at the hole; when he
becomes doubtful as to the hole, he is to go back to
that which is not doubtful.
7, And when they go from hole to hole, the dog?
is to be held once, the Avesta® of the purifier is to
be spoken, and it is to be done by him thus :—When
he arrives at the place, z¢ is done by him; when not,
the head is to be done thoroughly—there are some
who would say thus: ‘In the same hole the head is
to be done thoroughly’—and all four feet of the dog
are to be put by him into the hole; he is also to sit
down within four finger-dreadths*, and the Pazadasa
zem6 hazkanayen (‘fifteen ¢zes of earth they shall
1 That is, when he is doubtful which he washed las.
* The dog is not mentioned in the Avesta account of the Baresh- nfim in Vend. IX, but it is ordered to be brought before the unclean person in another such account in Vend. VIII, 120,123. The use of the dog is that its sight or touch is supposed to destroy or drive away the Nasis, or fiend of corruption.
° The exorcism in § 118. 4 See. s-12 1.
Iv. the Bareshnoum Ceremony. 451
scrape together’)’ are to be well completed by him,
zt is also to be thoroughly done by him, and e is to
be fully guarded while he properly azd thoroughly
well perseveres.
m. And, after it, he is to go unto the holes for
water; the different times with water are just like
the different holes for bull’s urine, except holding
the dog; the dog, too, works for Azm inside.
m. When he seeks for it, z¢#? is to be thoroughly
warmed for him; when he hungers for it, bread is to
be given to him; when Zhe necessity of making water
arises, something is to be held unto him; when, on
account of his imperfect strength (vad zérih), he is
quite unable to wash, some one is to sit down inside
with him; when 4e is only just? washed, “e is to
come into his position therein before, the zxward
prayer is to be spoken out by him, and the zxward
prayer is to be again offered by him, his customary
parts are also washed, and are to be considered as
washed,
o. When he shall keep on for three washings‘,
though not clean, it is not improper; when he does
not attain three washings, it is not proper; when
the enclosure is not to be formed to the north °, it is
not proper; when one shall not solemnize the Vendi-
dad service ®, it is not proper.
p. When the purifier shall not have performed the
ritual, it is not proper; when the purifier is not a
man, it is not proper.
1 The Avesta version of § 123.
2 The water, apparently. * Perhaps it should be 4and tak, ‘several times,’ instead of
kigfin tak, ‘only just.’
* See §$§ 130, 140, 144. 5 See § ¢. ® See § 4.
G g 2
452 APPENDIX,
g. When he shall not wash on the customary
parts, it is not proper; when he does not utter
the Avesta, it is not proper; and when the dog? is
not held, it is not prope; when ¢here is no digging
of the holes, it is not proper; when he does not
perform the Paz&adasa zemé havkanayen (‘fifteen
times of earth they shall scrape together’) ?, it is not
proper.
ry. When z¢ is not the purifier who scores the
furrows, avd he does not score them with a blade,
nor does he score ¢hem with the recitation of the
Avesta, nor does he score ¢hem in the daydzme, it is
not proper. |
s. When he shall see azy¢hing impure in the hole,
it is not proper; when they shall cause rain ¢o come
within a hole for bull’s urine, it is not proper; when
night shall come in upon him, it is not proper;
when in everything ¢here is suitableness, but as to
one thing doubt arises, through that suitableness it
is not proper. |
