Kma Sfitra, must therefore be older than 1307, the date of (jinapra- bhamuni's commentary on the Kalpa Sfttra.
284 KALPA stiTRA.
The Arhat /frshabha, the Ko^alian, had eighty- four Gaaas and eighty-four Gaaadharas. (2 1 3)
The Arhat T&shabha, the Ko^alian, had an excel-
lent community of eighty-four thousand 6rama#as
with ^shabhasena at their head; (214) three hun-
dred thousand nuns with Brahmlsundarl at their
head ; (2 15) three hundred and five thousand lay
votaries with .SVey&wsa at their head; (216) five
hundred and fifty-four thousand female lay votaries
with SubhadrS. at their head; (217) four thousand
seven hundred and fifty sages who knew the fourteen
Pftrvas, &c.; (218) nine thousand sages who were
possessed of the Avadhi knowledge; (219) twenty
thousand Kevalins; (220) twenty thousand six hun-
dred sages who could transform themselves ; (221)
twelve thousand six hundred and fifty sages of vast
intellect, &c. ; (222) twelve thousand six hundred
and fifty professors ; (223) twenty thousand male
and forty thousand female disciples who had reached
perfection ; (224) twenty-two thousand nine hundred
sages in their last birth, &c. (225)
The Arhat ^?/shabha, the Kosalian, instituted, &c.
(see 146, down to) the former ended after number-
less generations, the latter from the next Muhdrta
after his Kevaliship. (226)
In that period, in that age the Arhat /frshabha,
the Kosalian, lived two millions of former years
as a prince, six millions three hundred thousand
former years as a king, together eight millions
three hundred thousand former years as a house-
holder ; a thousand (former) years in a state
inferior to perfection, nine-and-ninety thousand
former years as a Kevalin, together a hundred
thousand former years as a .Srama#a, and eight
Lives of the Ginas. 285
millions four hundred thousand years on the whole.
When his fourfold Karman was exhausted, and in
this Avasarpiwi era the Sushamadu^shamd period
had nearly elapsed, only three years and eight and a
half months being left, in the third month of winter,
in the fifth fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of Mdgha,
on its thirteenth day, in the early part of the day
when the moon was in conjunction with the asterism
Abhigit, (y&shabha), after fasting six and a half
days without drinking water, on the summit of
mount Ash/dpada, in the company of ten thousand
monks in the Samparyahka position, died, &c. (all
down to) freed from all pains. (227)
Since the time that the Arhat -/?zshabha, the
Kosalian, died, &c, (all down to) freed from all
pains, three years and eight and a half months
elapsed; thereupon one ko/i of ko/is of Sgaropamas,
less forty-two thousand and three years and eight
and a half months, elapsed. At that time the Vener-
able Ascetic Mahvlra died ; after his Nirv#a nine
centuries elapsed, of the tenth century this is the
eightieth year.
End of the Life of 7?zshabha.
End of the Lives of the Ginas.
286 Kalpa
LIST OF THE STHAVIRAS.
At that period, at that age the Venerable Ascetic Mah&vlra had nine Gawas and eleven Gaadharas.
* Why, now, has it been said, that the Venerable
Ascetic Mah&vira had nine _Ga#as, but eleven
Ga^adharas ?'
1 Some spell this name Matfdft/aputra ; he and Mauryaputra were sons of the same mother, V^ayadevI, but different fathers ; the former of Dhanadeva, the other of Maurya. I do not know any legend which connects this Maurya with a king of the Maurya dynasty, which besides would be impossible from a chronological point of view.
List of the Sthaviras. 287
three hundred .Srama/zas each \ Therefore, Sir, has
it been said that the Venerable Ascetic Mahdvlra
had nine Ga#as, but eleven Ga#adharas.' (i)
All these eleven Ga^adharas of the Venerable
Ascetic Mahivlra, who knew the twelve Ang^s, the
fourteen Pftrvas, and the whole SiddMnta of the
Cabins, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all pains
in Rd^agreha after fasting a month without drink-
ing water. The Sthaviras Indrabhftti and Arya
Sudharman both died after the Nirv4a of Mahd-
vlra. The Nirgrantha .Srama^as of the present time
are all (spiritual) descendants of the monk Arya
Sudharman, the rest of the Gawadharas left no
descendants. (2)
The Venerable Ascetic Mahivlra was of the K&- jyapa gotra. His disciple was 2 :
1. Arya Sudharman of the Agnivesyciyana gotra ;
2. Arya amb{lndman of the K^Lryapa gotra;
3. Arya Prabhava of the KcLty&yana gotra ;
4. Arya ^ayyambha, father of Manaka, was of
the Vatsa gotra ;
5. Arya Ya^obhadra of the Tungikdyana go-
tra. (3)
In the short redaction the list of Sthaviras after Arya Yasobhadra is the following :
6. Arya Sambhfltavi^aya of the Md/>4ara gotra
and Arya Bhadrabdhu of the Prd^lna gotra;
7* Arya Sthtilabhadra of the Gautama gotra;
8. i. Arya Mahdgiri of the Aildpatya gotra and
1 The sum total of Sramaas is therefore 4711, while in 134 it is stated to have been 14,000.
* I only give the facts. The names of those Sthaviras who con- tinue the line are spaced. The names are given in their Sanskrit form which in many cases is well known, in others can easily be made out In doubtful cases I have put the Prakrit form in brackets.
288 KALPA S^TRA.
ii. Arya Suhastin of the VdsishMa gotra ;
9. Susthita and Supratibuddha, surnamed Ko-
/ika and K&kandaka, of the Vyghrpatya
gotra ; .
10. Arya Indradatta (Indadinna) of the Kaiuika
gotra;
1 1. Arya Datta (Dinna) of the Gautama gotra ;
12. Arya Siwhagiri G&tismara of the Kaunka
gotra;
13. Arya Va^ra of the Gautama gotra;
14. Arya Va^rasena of the Utkrz'shfe. gotra 1 . He had four disciples : Arya N&gila, Arya Pad-
mila, Arya rayanta, and Arya Tipasa, each of
whom founded a .S^khsi called after his name, viz.
the Aryanigiia ^dkhi, the Aryapadmild ,Skh&, the
Arya^ayantl ,S&kh, and the Aryatpast ^khd. (4)
In the detailed redaction the list of Sthaviras after Arya Yayobhadra is the following :
6. i. Arya Bhadrabdhu of the Pri^ina gotra, who
had four disciples of the K^yapa gotra : a. Goddsa, founder of the Godisa Ga#a 2 ,
which was divided into four
a. The TAmraliptikA
ft. The Ko/ivarshiyA
y. The Pu^ravardhaniyd 6khd, and
1 He is left out in some MSS.
* It is not quite clear what is meant by Ga/*a, Kula, and Gana designates the school which is derived from one teacher ; Kula the succession of teachers in one line; -Sdkha the lines which branch off from each teacher. These terms seem to be disused in modern times, for the four principal divisions called after Nagendra, -ATandra,Nivntti, and Vidy&dhara are generally called Kulas, but also occasionally *SUkhds. They go back to Vagra according to some, to Va^rasena according to others. The modern Ga^Wa appears equivalent with the ancient Ga*a.
List of the Sthaviras. 289
S. The Dastkharbartkd .Sakhd*
b. Agnidatta,
c. Ganadatta, d Somadatta.
ii. Arya Sambhutavi^aya of the Ma///ara gotra, who had twelve disciples :
a. Nandanabhadra,
b. Upananda,
c. Tishyabhadra 1 ,
d. Ya^obhadra,
e. Sumanobhadra 2 ,
f. Mambhadra,
g. Pu/^yabhadra 3 ,
h. Sthftlabhadra of the Gautama gotra,
1. Dirghabhadra, and
m. Pa;/r/ubhadra ;
and seven female disciples :
a. Yaksha,
b. Yakshadatta (Yakshadinna),
c. Bhuta,
d. Bhutaclatta (BhAtadinna),
e. Send (also f.
8. i. Arya Mahdgiri of the Ailipatya gotra, who had eight disciples :
a. Uttara,
b. Balissaha, who both together founded the
Uttarabalissaha Ga/^a, which was di- vided into four 6akhas :
1 Tisabhadda, translated TriJa^abhadra.
2 Or Sumanabhadra. 3 Or Pfirmbhadra.
29O KALPA StiTRA.
a. Kaiuambikd,
ft. Sautaptikd (Pr. Soittiyi),
y. Kau/umbin! (or Ku^adharl),
c. Dhanarddhi (Pr.
d. 6irarddhi (Pr. e.
g. Ndgaputra,
h. A^aluka Rohagupta of the Kaorika gotra,
founder of the TraircLrika ^dkhi. ii. Arya Suhastin 1 pf the Vsish/^a gotra, who
had twelve disciples :
a. Arya Roha#a of the K&syapa gotra,
founder of the Uddeha Ga#a, which
was divided into four S;khs :
a. Udumbarikd (Pr. Udumbariggiyd),
ft. Msaptirik&,
y. Matipatrik^,
8. Ptiraapatrika (Pr. Punnapattiyd, Panna .
Sunna , or Suvanna );
and into six Kulas:
of. Ndgabhftta,
ft". Somabhtita,
y. Ullaga^^a (or Ardraka^^a ?),
y. Hastilipta (Pr. Hatthili^a),
e. Nndika (Pr. Nandi^a),
C. Parihisaka.
1 Suhastin is said to have converted Samprati, grandson and suc- cessor of Ajoka. The correctness of this statement is open to doubt ; but at any rate Suhastin must have been one of the most important patriarchs, for under and immediately after him the spread of (rainism must have been uncommonly vigorous, as is proved by the great number of Kulas and *Skhs at that time.
List of the Sthaviras. 29 1
b. Bhadraya^as of the Bhdradv^a gotra, who
founded the Ud\iv&/ika Ga^a, which
was divided into four
a. Kamplyiki (Pr.
/3. Bhadriyikd (Pr.
y. Kdkandikd,
8. Mekhallyikd (Pr.
and into three Kulas :
a. Bhadrayaska (Pr. Bhadda^asiya),
ft'. Bhadraguptika,
y '. Yasobhadra (Pr. ^asabhadda).
c. Megha.
d. Kdmarddhi (Pr. Kmidd/ii) of the
gotra, who founded the Ve^avd/'ika
Ga^a, which was divided into four
Sakhis :
a. *Srdvastik,
/3. R^-yapilikd (Pr. Ra^/apliy),
y. Antara/?^ik^ (Pr. Antarig^iyd),
S. Kshemaliptiki (Pr. Khemaligg-iyA) and into four Kulas :
a'. Gamka,
&'. Maighika,
y. K^marddhika,
8 '. Indrapuraka.
e. ^rlgupta of the Hdrita gotra, founder of
the A^dra^a Ga^a, which was divided into four
y. Gavedhuka,
S. Va^randgarl ;
and into seven Kulas :
a x , Vitsallya (Pr.
u 2
292 Kalpa
P. Prltidharmika,
y. H'dridraka (Pr. H&ligfa),
&. Pushyamitrika (Pr.
e'. Mdlyaka (Pr. Miligga),
i? 7 . Kresh/zasakha (Pr. Kanhasaha).
f. 7?z'shigupta Kdkandaka of the Vasisha
gotra, founder of the Mdnava Ga/za,
which was divided into four .Sakhas :
a. Ka^yapiyd (Pr. Kdsaviggiya),
13. Gautamtya (Pr. Goyame^iya),
y. V^sishMlyd (Pr. Visibly a),
5. Saurdsh^rika ; and into three Kulas :
a. J?zshjguptika,
P'. /?/shidattika,
y. Abhiya^asa.
g. and h. Susthita and Supratibuddha,
surnamed Kau/ika and Kakandaka, of
the Vyaghr^Lpatya gotra, founders of
the Kau^ika Ga/za, which was divided
into four 6akhas :
a. U/v/^anagari,
ft. Vidyadharl,
y. Va^rl,
8. Madhyamika (Pr. Ma^/amilla) ; and into four Kulas :
a. Brahmaliptaka (Pr. Bawbhali^a),
6. Vatsaliya (Pr. Va/^/zalig^a, cf. e. a'.), y. Vamya (Pr. V^/n^a),
tf. Prasnavcihanaka.
Both Sthaviras had together five disciples :
10. a. Arya Indradatta (Pr. Indadinna) of the
K&syapa gotra,
List -of the Sthaviras. 293
b. Priyagantha, founder of the Madhyamd
6akha,
c. Vidyddharagopala of the K&syapa gotra,
founder of the Vidyadhari >S&kha,
d" /?z'shidatta,
e. Arhaddatta (Pr. Arihadatta).
11. Arya Datta (Pr. Dinna)ofthe Gautama gotra,
who had two disciples :
12. i. Arya .Santisenika of the M//5ara gotra,
founder of the U^anagarl 6akh, who had four disciples :
a. Arya Senika, founder of the AryasemkA
.Sakha, " ~^~
b. Arya Tapasa, founder of the Aryatapasi
6akha,
c. Arya Kubera, founder of the Aryakuber&
6akha, and
d. Arya TvVshipcilita, founder of the Arya^-
shipdlita Skh.
ii. Arya Siwhagiri C^tismara of the Gau- tama gotra, who had four disciples :
13. a. Dhanagiri,
b. Arya Samita of the Gautama gotra, founder
of the Brahmadvipika ^dkhd,
c. Arya Va^ra of the Gautama gotra,
founder of the Aryava^rd 6khd,
d. Arhaddatta (Pr. Arihadinna).
14. i. Arya Va^rasena, founder of the Aryangil&
ii. Arya Padma, founder of the Aryapadmd
^ Hi. Arya Rath a of the Vatsa gotra, founder
of the Arya^ayanti 6$kha. 15. Arya Pushyagiri of the Kaorika gotra.
294 Kalpa
16. Arya Phalgumitra of the Gautama gotra.
17. Arya Dhanagiri of the V&sishMa gotra. 1 8. Arya .Sivabhtiti of the Kautsa gotra.
19. Arya Bhadra of the K&ryapa gotra.
20. Arya Nakshatra of the K&syapa gotra.
21. Arya Raksha of the Klsyapa gotra.
22. Arya Nga of the Gautama gotra.
23. Arya Gehila, 1 of the Visish^a gotra.
24. Arya Vishnu of the Md/^ara gotra.
25. Arya Kalaka of the Gautama gotra.
26. Arya Sampalita and Bhadra, both of the
Gautama gotra.
27. Arya Wz'ddha of the Gautama gotra.
28. Arya Sarighapalita of the Gautama gotra.
29. Arya Has tin of the K^yapa gotra.
30. AryaDharma of the Suvrata gotra.
31. Arya Siwha of the K^Uyapa gotra.
32. Arya Dharma of the Klsyapa gotra.
33. Arya
1 A various reading has (?e//Aila = (ryeshMa.
f This list in prose from 1 7 down to 33 is wanting in some MSS. I think that *Sa^Tilya is the same as Skandila, who was president of the council of Mathurd, which seems to have been the rival of that in Valabhl; see notes to my edition of the Kalpa Sfitra, p. 117.
It deserves to be noticed that the gotra of S&ndi\y& is not given, while that of the remaining Sthaviras is specialised. This seems to prove that his name is a later addition to the list.
After the prose list aH MSS. have eight gaiMs, in which the names 16-32, given above, are repeated. Instead of translating these verses, which contain little more than a string of names, I only note down the differences from the above list. After 18 is added Duigaya Kr*sha, a Kau/ika ; Nakshatra is shortened, metri causa, to Nakkha ; the gotra of Sahghapalita is Kajyapa instead of Gau- tama; after 30 are inserted Hasta of the Kajyapa gotra and Dharma.
