274 KALPA SCTRA.
.Subha and Aryaghosha, VasishMa l and Brahma-
arin, Saumya and .Srtdhara, Vtrabhadra and
Ya^as. (160)
The Arhat Pdmra, the people's favourite, had an
excellent community of sixteen thousand .5rama#as
with Aryadatta 2 at their head; (161) thirty-eight
thousand nuns with Pushpa^tild at their head; (162)
one hundred and sixty-four thousand lay votaries
with Suvrata at their head; (163) three hundred
and twenty-seven thousand female lay votaries with
Sunanda at their head; (164) three hundred and fifty
sages who knew the fourteen Pftrvas, &c. (see 138) ;
(165) fourteen hundred sages who were possessed
of the Avadhi knowledge ; one thousand Kevalins ;
eleven hundred sages who could transform them-
selves, six hundred sages of correct knowledge, one
thousand male and two thousand female disciples
who had reached perfection, seven hundred and fifty
sages of vast intellect, sftc hundred professors, and
twelve hundred sages in their last birth. (166)
The Arhat Pin-va, the people's favourite, insti-
tuted two epochs in his capacity of a Maker of an
end : the epoch relating to generations and the
epoch relating to psychical condition ; the former
ended in the fourth generation, the latter in the
third year of his Kevaliship. (167)
In that period, in that age the Arhat Pdrcva, the
people's favourite, lived thirty years as a house-
holder, eighty-three days in a state inferior to per-
fection, something less than seventy years as a
Kevalin, full seventy years as a tSramafta, and a
hundred years on the whole.
1 C. has Visi//Aa, i. e. VLrish/a. s Ariyadinna in the original.
Lives of the Ginas. 2/5
When his fourfold Karman 1 was exhausted and in
this Avasarpi^l era the greater part of the Du/^sha-
masushamS, period had elapsed, in the first month of
the rainy season, in the second fortnight, the light
(fortnight) of Srvana, on its eighth day, in the early
part of the day when the moon was in conjunction
with the aster ism Vi^clkhd, (PArrva), after fasting a
month without drinking water, on the summit of
mount Sammeta, in the company of eighty-three
persons, stretching out his hands, died, &c, (all down
to) freed from all pains. (168)
Since the time that the Arhat Prrva, the people's
favourite, died, &c. (all down to) freed from all
pains, twelve centuries have elapsed, and of the
thirteenth century this is the thirtieth year. (169)
End of the Life of Pdrrva. 1 See 147.
276 Kalpa
LIFE OF ARISHTANEMI.
In that period, in that age lived the Arhat
Arish/anemi, the five most important moments of
whose life happened when the moon was in conjunc-
tion with the asterism A^itrd. In Altrd he descended
from heaven, &c. (see 149, down to) obtained final
liberation. (170)
In that period, in that age, in the fourth month of
the rainy season, in the seventh fortnight, the dark
(fortnight) of Krttika, on its twelfth day, the Arhat
Arish/anemi descended from the great Vim^na,
called Apardfita, where he had lived for thirty-six
Sdgaropamas, here on the continent (Sambtidvlpa, in
Bharatavarsha, in the town of .Sauripura 1 , and in the
middle of the night when the moon was in conjunc-
tion with the asterism JK\\.r&, he took the form of
an embryo in the womb of the queen .Sivi, wife
of the king Samudravi^aya, &c. (the seeing of the
dreams, the accumulation of riches, &c., should be
repeated here). (171)
In that period, in that age the Arhat Arish/a-
nemi after the lapse of nine months and seven and
a half days, in the first month of the rainy season, in
the second fortnight, the light (fortnight) of .Sr&va#a,
on its fifth day, &c. (SivA), perfectly healthy herself,
gave birth to a perfectly healthy boy. (Repeat the
account of the birth, substituting the name Samudra-
* The PrSkrit form is Soriyapura, which would correspond to Sanskrit ^aurikapura. It is, of course, Krishna's town.
Lives of the Ginas. 277
vi^aya, all down to) therefore shall the name of our boy be Arish/anemi l .
The Arhat Arish/anemi, clever, &c. (see 155-
157, all down to) indigent persons. (172) In the first
month of the rainy season, in the second fortnight,
the light (fortnight) of ,Srdva#a, on its sixth day
riding in his palankin called Uttarakurd, 'and fol-
lowed on his way by a train of gods, men, and
Asuras, &c. (Arish/anemi) went right through the
town of Dv^ravatf to the park called Revatika, and
proceeded to the excellent Aroka tree. There, &c.
(see 1 1 6, down to) five handfuls. When the moon
was in conjunction with the asterism ATitrd, after
fasting two and a half days without drinking water,
he put on a divine robe, and together with a thou-
sand persons he tore out -his hair, and leaving the
house entered the state of houselessness. (173)
The Arhat Arish/anemi for fifty-four days neg-
lected his body, &c. (see $ 117-120). During the
fifty-fifth day it was in the third month of the rainy
season, in the fifth fortnight, the dark fortnight of
A-rvina, on its fifteenth day, in the last part of the
day, when the moon was in conjunction with the
asterism /ifitrS. (Arish/anemi) under a Ve/asa 2 tree
on the summit of mount Girndr 3 , after fasting
three and a half days without drinking water, &c.,
obtained infinite, &c., highest knowledge and in-
tuition called Kevala, &c. (see 121, down to)
moment. (174)
1 His mother saw in a dream a n em i, the outer rim of a wheel, which consisted of riah/a stones flying up to the sky. Hence the name Arish/anemi. , * Va/a in some MSS.; it is the Banyan tree.
3 Ugginta in the original.
278 KALPA StiTRA.
The Arhat Arish/anemi had eighteen Ga#as and eighteen Ga^adharas. (175)
The Arhat Arish/anemi had an excellent commu-
nity of eighteen thousand ^rama^as with Varadatta
at their head; (176) forty thousand nuns with Arya
Yakshwi at their head ; (i 77) one hundred and sixty-
nine thousand lay votaries with Nanda at their head;
( 1 78) three hundred and thirty-six thousand 1 female
lay votaries with Mah&suvrat& at their head; (179)
four hundred sages who knew the fourteen Ptirvas,
&c.; (180) fifteen hundred sages who were possessed
of the Avadhi knowledge ; fifteen hundred Kevalins;
fifteen hundred sages who could transform them-
selves ; one thousand sages of vast intellect ; eight
hundred professors ; sixteen hundred sages in their
last birth ; fifteen hundred male and three thousand
female disciples who had reached perfection.
The Arhat Arish/anemi instituted, &c. (see 146,
down to) the former ended in the eighth generation,
the latter in the twelfth year of his Kevaliship. (181)
In that period, in that age the Arhat Arish/anemi
lived three centuries as a prince, fifty-four daysjn
a state inferior to perfection, something less than
seven centuries as a Kevalin, full seven centuries as
a .Srama^a, a thousand years on the whole. When
his fourfold Karman was exhausted and in this Ava-
sarpi#l era a great part of the Du^shamasushami
period had elapsed, in the fourth month of summer,
in the eighth fortnight, the light (fortnight) of
AsMd^a, on its eighth day, in the middle of the
night when the moon was in conjunction with the
asterism K\\x&, (Arish/anemi), after fasting a, month
1 Read /Wattlsa/w in the printed text.
Lives of the Gin as. 279
without drinking water, on the summit of mount
Girn&r, in the company of five. hundred and thirty-
six monks, in a squatting position, died, &c. (all
down to) freed from all pains. (182)
Since the time that the Arhat Arish/anemi died,
&c. (all down to) freed from all pains, eighty-four
thousand years have elapsed, of the eighty-fifth
millennium nine centuries have elapsed, of the tenth
century this is the eightieth year. (183)
End of the Life of Arish/anemi.
28o Kalpa
EPOCHS OF THE INTERMEDIATE TtRTHAKARAS.
Since the time that the Arhat Nami died, &c.
(all down to) freed from all pains, 584,979 years
have elapsed, this is the eightieth year 1 . (184)
Since the death of Munisuvrata this is the year
1,184,980. Since Malli 2 this is the year 6,584,980.
Ara died 1 0,000,000 years before Malli; Kunthu a
quarter of a Palyopama before Malli; 6*anti three-
quarters of a Palyopama; Dharma threfe Sdgaro-
pamas before Malli; Ananta seven Sigaropamas
before Malli ; Vlmala sixteen Sagaropamas before
Malli; Vasupti^ya forty Sdgaropamas before Malli;
sa a hundred S^garopamas before Malli.
died a krore of Sagaropamas, less 42,003
years and eight and a half months, before the death
of Vira. Suvidhi, surnamed Pushpadanta, died
ten krores of Sigaropamas before -Shala ; Aandra-
prabha a hundred krores of Scigaropamas before
tSltala ; Supar^va a thousand krores of Sagaro-
pamas before K^ltala ; Padmaprabha ten thousand
krores of Sagaropamas before .Shala; Sumati one
hundred thousand krores of Sdgaropamas before
tSttala; Abhinandana one million krores of Sagaro-
pamas before xSitala ; Sambhava two million krores
of SAgaropamas before .SHala; A^ita five million
krores of Sagaropamas before .Sltala. (185-203)
1 The numbers are given in the same way as in 183. I have abridged these tedious accounts. All Tirthakaras except Mahdvira have the title Arhat, which I bave dropped in the sequel.
f Read Malli (for Mali) in the printed edition of the text
Lives of the Ginas. 28 1
LIFE OF ^/SHABHA.
In that period, in that age lived the Arhat
y?/shabha, the Ko^alian *, four important moments
of whose life happened when the moon was in con-
junction with the asterism Uttar&shu/M; the fifth,
when in conjunction with Abhi^it : (204) in Uttari-
shu///a he descended from heaven, &c. (all down to)
in Abhi^it he obtained final liberation. (205)
In that period, in that age, in the fourth month
of summer, in the seventh fortnight, the dark (fort-
night) of Ashdd%n on its fourth day, the Arhat
/frshabha, the Ko^c ian, descended from the great
Vimdna called Sarvatrthasiddha, where he had lived
for thirty-three Sagaropamas, here on the continent
Cambtidvipa, in Bharatavarsha, in Ikshvkubhtimi,
and in the middle of the night, &c., he took the form
of an embryo in the womb of Marudevi, wife of
the patriarch 2 Ndbhi. (206)
The knowledge of the Arhat /frshabha about
this, &c. (all as in the case of Mahavira, but note
the following differences : the first dream is a bull
' coming forward with his face/ the other (mothers
of Tirthakaras see first) an elephant. She (Maru-
dev!) relates them to Ndbhi, the patriarch ; there
1 Kosaliya=:Kaujalika. He is thus called because he was born in KojalS, or AyodhyS.
2 Kulakara; these Kulakaras were the first kings and founders of families ^t the time when the rest of mankind were ' Yugalins.' The first Kulakara was Vimalavahana ; the seventh and last of the line Nbhi.
282 Kalpa
are no interpreters of dreams ; Ndbhi, the patriarch, himself interprets them). (207)
In that period, in that age the Arhat /?zshabha,
the Ko^alian, in the first month of summer, in the
first fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of A!aitra, on its
eighth day, &c., (Marudevt), perfectly healthy her-
self, gave birth to a perfectly healthy boy. (208)
(The circumstances connected with the birth of
/?*shabha are the same as in the case of that of
Mahvlra, only that the contents of 100 and 101
do not apply to the present case.) (209)
The Arhat /frshabha, the Ko^alian, belonged to
the K<L$yapa gotra, and he had five names : 7?zsha-
bha, First King, First Mendicant, First Gina, and
First Tlrthakara. (210)
The Arhat /frshabha, the Kosalian, clever, with
the aspirations of a clever man, of great beauty,
controlling (his senses), lucky, and modest, lived two
millions of former years 1 as a prince, and six mil-
lions three hundred thousand former years as a king.
During his reign he taught, for the benefit of the
people, the seventy-two sciences, of which writing is
the first, arithmetic the most important, and the
knowledge of omens the last, the sixty-four accom-
plishments of women, the hundred arts, and the
three occupations of men 2 . At last he anointed his
1 See AMr&hga Sfltra I, 6, 3, 2, note i.
2 The arts, as those of the potter, blacksmith, painter, weaver, and barber, each of which five principal arts is subdivided into twenty branches, are inventions and must be taught ; while the occu- pations, agriculture, trade, &c. have everywhere developed, as it were, of themselves. The accomplishments of women are dancing, singing, &c. The commentator adds to these a detailed list of those questionable accomplishments which V&tsyayana has so curiously described, and refers the reader to the Crayamahgala for further details. The latter work, a still extant commentary on the
Lives of the Ginas. 283
hundred sons as kings, and gave each a kingdom.
Then the Lauk&ntika god, following the established
custom, &c, (see $ 110-112, down to) indigent per-
sons. In the first month of summer, in the first
fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of A!aitra, on its eighth
day, in the latter part of the day, riding in his palan-
kin called SudarsanA, followed on his way by a train
of gods, men, and Asuras, &c. (Jftshabha) went right
through the town VinttS. to the park called Siddhdr-
tha Vana, and proceeded to the excellent tree Asoka.
There, &c. (see 116, down to) four handfuls.
When the moon was in conjunction with the asterism
Ashcifl%cL, he, after fasting two and a half days
without drinking water, put on a divine robe, and
together with four thousand of high, noble, royal
persons, and Kshatriyas, he tore out his hair, and
leaving the house entered the state of houseless-
ness. (211)
The Arhat ./?zshabha, the Ko^alian, for one thou-
sand years neglected his body, &c. (see 117-120,
down to) meditated upon himself for one thousand
years. Thereupon it was in the fourth month of
winter, the seventh fortnight, the dark (fortnight) of
Phdlguna, on its eleventh day, in the early part of
the day, when the moon was in conjunction with the
asterism Ashdd%&, outside of the town Purimatdla,
in the park called 6aka/amukha, under the excellent
tree Nyagrodha (/?zshabha) after fastmg three and
a half days without drinking water, being engaged in
deep meditation, reached the infinite, &c. (see 120,
down to) highest knowledge and intuition called
Kevala, &c. (see $ 121, down to) moment. (212)
