272. Plut. Quaest. nat. 917 ο. MS. τῷ δέ τι . . . etre διὰ πέψεως ἀμμίσγων. Karst, τῷ 3° ἐπὶ .. ο Bt ὄψεος dvr’ ἀΐσσων, Stein ἀμμιχθέντι. 273-274. Arist. de gen. anim. iv. 1; 723 8 24 after 271. S ἐλύθη. 275. Schol. Eur. Phoen. p. 600 Valck. Stein transposes first two
words. 276-278. Galen in Hippokr. Eipidem. iv. 2.
276. MS. τὸ κατ) ἄρρενα ἔπλετο yalns. Text from Diels.
279. Plut.de amic. mult. 95 a; cf. Arist. de gen. anim. iv.4; 771 b 23. 280. Arist. de gen. anim. iv. 8; 777 8 10; and Philop. on this passage. 281. Plut. Quaest. Nat. 916 p. 282-283. Plut. Quaest. Conv. 663 a. 282. MS. μὲν ἐπὶ γλυκὺ, corr. Macrob. 288. MS. omits ἔβη and ends δαλεροῦ λαβέτω, corr. Karst.
Empedokles 193
showed as yet no lovely body formed out of the members, nor yoice nor limb such as is natural to men.
270. But the nature of the members (of the child ?)
is divided, part in the man’s, part in the woman’s
(body).
271. But desire also came upon him, having been united with ... by sight.
278. It was poured out in the pure parts, and some meeting with cold became females.
275. The separated harbours of Aphrodite.
276. In its warmer parts the womb is productive of the male, and on this account men are dark and more
muscular and more hairy.
279. As when fig-juice curdles and binds white
milk.
280. On the tenth day of the eighth month came the white discharge.
281. Knowing that there are exhalations from all things which came into existence.
281. Thus sweet was snatching sweet, and bitter
darted to bitter, and sharp went to sharp, and hot
coupled with hot.
194 the First Philosophers οε Greece
olvp ὕδωρ μᾶλλον μὲν ἐνάρθμιον, αὐτὰρ ἑλαίφ 272.
ὧδε δ) ἀναπνεῖ πάντα καὶ ἐκπνεῖ ' πᾶσι λίφαιμοι
σαρκῶν σύρριγγες πύματον κατὰ σῶμα τέτανται,
καί σφιν ἐπὶ στοµίοις πύκναις τέτρηνται ἄλοξιν
290 ῥιγῶν ἔσχατα τέρθρα διαµπερέο, ὥστε φόνον μὲν
κεύθειν, αἰθέρι & εὐπορίην διόδοαισι τετµῆσθαι.
J 4 9 ¢ / Ν 2} 0
ἔνθεν ἔπειθ) ὁπόταν μὲν atraléy τέρεν αἷμα,
IDA 4 af, ” 4
αἰθὴρ παφλάζων καταΐσσεται οἴἵδματι µάρηγῳ,
3 2 / / | πό ο 9
εὖτε δ) ἀναθρῴσκῃ, πάλιν ἐκπνέει ' ὥσπερ ὅταν
Tats,
295 κλεψύδρην παίζουσα διιπετέος χαλκοῖο,
ω) 9 2 A A 9 2 “a Ν A
εὖτε μὲν αὐλοῦ πορθμὸν ἐπ᾽ εὐειδεῖ χερὶ θεῖσα
3 ο 4 3
eis ὕδατος βάπτησι τέρεν δέµας ἀργυφέοιο,
οὐ TOT’ ἐν ἄγγοσδ᾽ ὄμβρος ἐσέρχεται, ἀλλά pw
εἴργει
> 9) ¥ \ 3 ολ / \
αἰθέρος ὄγχος ἔσωθε πεσὼν ἐπὶ τρήµατα πυκνὰ,
> οὁ 99 / Ν΄ ες > ὃν 9
900 εἰς 6 κ᾿ ἀποστεγάση π'υκινὸν ῥοον αὐτὰρ ἔπειτα
’ 4 / Ww ο
πνεύματος ἑλλείποντος ἐσέρχεται αἴσιμον ὕδωρ.
a: & αὔτως ὅθ᾽ ὕδωρ μὲν ἔχει κάτα βένθεα
χαλκοῦ
284-285. Philop. on Arist. de gen. anim. 59 a.
284. MS. ὕδωρ οἵνῳ μᾶλλον ἐναρίθμιον. Text fem Stein. 236. Plut. de def. orac. 433 3.
MS. γλαυκῆς κρόκου, corr. Karst. and Xylander. 287-311. Arist. de respir. 7; 473 b9.
287. Mil δίαιµοι. 289. MSS. ἐπιστομίοις, ZMil ἐπιστομίαις, corr. Stz. MSS. πυκναῖς or πυκίνοις, Mil δόναξι. 290. Some MSS.
τέθρα, Mil Φόνον, others φανὸν. 291. M µέν vy’ ἐνθεῖναι
pr Z εὔπνοιαν. 292. Several MSS. ἐπάξῃ, ἐπαίξῃ. 293. Bekker with majority of MSS. καταβήσεται. 294. MSS. ἀναθρώσκει, corr. Karst. 295. Several MSS. κλεψύδραις, il παί(ησι, MZ παίζουσι, others παίζουσα, MZil διιπετέος, others δι εὐκετέο». 298. ilMZ οὐδ' dr’, οὐδέτ', Bk 008’ ὅγ᾽, Stein od τότ'. 299. MSS. dépos, corr. Stein. 301. MSS. αὔξιμον, a few others αἴσιμον,
Empedokles 195
284. Water combines better with wine, but it is un- willing to combine with oil.
286. The bloom of the scarlet dye mingles with shining linen. |
287. So all beings breathe in and out; all have bloodless tubes of flesh spread over the outside of the body, and at the openings of these the outer layers of skin are pierced all over with close-set ducts, so that the blood remains within, while a facile opening is cut for the alr to pass through. Then whenever the soft blood speeds away from these, the air speeds bubbling in with impetuous wave, and whenever the blood leaps back the alr is breathed out; as when a girl, playing with a klepsydra of shining brass, takes in her fair hand the narrow opening of the tube and dips it in the soft mass of silvery water, the water does not at once flow into the vessel, but the body of air within pressing on the close-set holes checks it till she uncovers the compressed stream; but then when the air gives way the determined amount of water enters. (802.) And so in the same way when the water occupies the depths of the bronze vessel, as long as the narrow opening and passage is blocked up by human flesh, the air outside striving eagerly to enter holds back the water inside behind the gates of the resounding tube, keeping
control of its end, until she lets go with her hand. ο 2
196 the First Philosophers of Greece
πορθμὸῦ χωσθέντος βροτέῳ ypol ἠδὲ πόροιο, αἰθὴρ & ἐκτὸς ἔσω λελιημένος ὄμβρον ἐρύκει 805 ἀμφὶ πύλας ἰσθμοῖο δυσηχέοε, ἄκρα κρατύνων, eis ὅ κε χειρὶ µεθῇ ΄ τότε δ᾽ av πάλιν, ἔμπαλιν ἢ πρίν, πνεύματορ ἐμπίπτοντος ὑπεκθέει αἴσιμον ὕδωρ. 295 ds δ) αὔτωρ τέρεν αἷμα κλαδασσόµενον διὰ γυίων ὁππότε μὲν παλίνορσον ἀπαϊξειε µυχόνδε, 310 αἰθέρος εὐθὺε ῥεῦμα κατέρχεται οἴδματι θῦον, εὖτε δ᾽ ἀναθρῴσκῃ, πάλιν ἐκπνέει ἶσον ὀπίσσω. κέρματα θηρείων µελέων μυκτῆρσιν ἐρευνῶν. 900 ὧδε μὲν οὖν πνοίηο τε λελόγχασι πάντα καὶ ὀσμῶν. 901 315 σάρκινον ὅζον. ws & ὅτε τι πρὀοδον νοέων ὡπλίσσατο λύχνον / \ / \ ? χειµερίην διὰ νύκτα, πυρὸς σέλας αἰθομένοιο ἄψας, παντοίων ἀγέμων λαμπτῆρας ἀμοργούς, oi? ἀνέμων μὲν πνεῦμα διασκιὸνᾶσιν ἀέντων, 805 320 das & ἔξω διαθρῴῷσκον, ὅσον ταναώτερον jev, λάμπεσκεν κατὰ βηλὸν ἀτειρέσιν ἀκτίνεσσιν' A X αυ] / 9 3 ΄ Αα Os δὲ ror’ ἐν µήνιγξιν ἑεργμένον ὠγύγιον trip Cf. Simpl. Phys. 151 ν. 3803. Many MSS. χρωσθέντος. 807. MSS. αὔξιμον, Bk. αἴσιμον. 909. MSS. ἐπαίξειε, corr. Stein. 310. MZil αἰθέρος, others ἕτερο», MZil οἶδμα τιταίνων. 811. 1 ἀναθρώσκοι. 313.’ Plut. Quaest. nat. 9175: de curios. 520 F. MS. (Q..) κέµµατα, (de ο.) τέρματα, Buttmann κέρματα. From Plutarch Mor. 917 & and Arist. Problem. inedit. II. 101,
(Didot, IV. p. 310); Diels Hermes xv. 176 restores the following line after 318 : «ἐν Sply > ὕσσ᾽ ἀπέλειπε ποδῶν ἁπαλ) περίπνοια. 814. Theophrast. de sens. § 22. 315. Theophr. ibid. § 9. Diels Dox. 501 suggests ὁστοῦν. 816-825. Arist. de sens. οἱ sensib. ο. 2; 487b26. Alex. Aphrod. on this passage.
318. YE ἀμόργους, Ml ἁμουργούς. 320. Many MSS. zip. 323. MSS.
Aerrfiow y’ ὀθόνῃσιν corr. Bekker: several MSS. ἐχεύατο,
Aoxd(ero, 8324. Several MSS. ἀμφιναέντο».
* Stein omits 312 from his numbering of the lines,
| Empedokles 197
(906.) Then, on the other hand, the very opposite
takes place to what happened before; the determined
amount of water runs off as the air enters. Thus in
the same way when the soft blood, surging violently
through the members, rushes back into the interior, a
swift stream of air comes in with hurrying wave, and
whenever it (the blood) leaps back, the air is breathed
out again in equal quantity.
313. With its nostrils seeking out the fragments of
animals’ limbs, <as many as the delicate exhalation from
their feet was leaving behind in the wood.>
314. So, then, all things have obtained their share of breathing and of smelling.
915. (The ear) an offshoot of flesh.
816. And as when one with a journey through a stormy night in prospect provides himself with a lamp and lights it at the bright-shining fire—with lanterns that drive back every sort of wind, for they scatter the breath of the winds as they blow—and the light darting out, inasmuch as it is finer (than the winds), shines across the threshold with untiring rays; so then elemental fire, shut up in membranes, it entraps in fine coverings to be the round pupil, and the coverings protect it against the deep water which flows about it, but the fire darting forth, inasmuch as it is finer... .
198 the First Philosophers of Greece
λεπτῇς εὖν ὀθόνῃσι λοχάζετο κύκλοπα κούρην;
αἱ 8 ὕδατος μὲν βένθος ἀπέστεγον ἀμφινάοντο», 310
825 mip δ ἔξω διαθρῴσκον, ὅσον ταναώτερον ἦεν. . .
(ὀφθαλμῶν) µία φίγνεται ἀμφοτέρων dp. 911
ὅσσον 7 ἀλλοῖοι µετέφυν, τόσον Ap σφίσιν ais 919
9 A /
καὶ φρονέειν ἀλλοῖα παρίστατο.
γαίῃ μὲν γὰρ γαῖαν ὀπώπαμεν, ὕδατι 8 ὕδωρ, 321 αἰθέρι δ᾽ αἰθέρα δῖον, ἀτὰρ πυρὶ mip ἀίδηλον,
326. Arist. Poet. ο. 21; 14ὔ8ᾳ 65. Strabo, viii. 364. 827-329. Stob. Ecl. Phys. i. p. 1026.
927. MSS. τετραµένα, corr. Grot. ACt. ἀντιθρῶντος, other MSS. ἀντιθροῶντος, corr. Bergk. 328. ACt. κικλήσκεται. 329. Cf. Etym. M. and Or. under αἷμα; Tertul. de an. xv. 576; Chal- cid. on Tim. p. 305.
330-332. Arist. de anim. iii. 8; 427a 28; and Philop. on this passage. Arist. Met. iii. 5; 1009b18; Themist. on Arist. de anima 85 b.
330. Some MSS. ἐναύξεται. 330. MS. omits 7’. 831. MS. καὶ τὸ φρονεῖν, corr. Karst. |
333-335. Arist. de anim. 1.2; 404 Ὦ 19: Met. ii. 4: 100056; Sext. Emp. Math. i. 303, vii. 92,121. Philop. on Arist. de Gen. et corr. 59 b; Hipp. Ref. haer. p. 165. Single lines are mentioned elsewhere.
334. Sext. ἠέρι 3’ ἠέρα. 335. Sometimes στοργὴν δὲ στοργῇ. 336-337. Theophr. de sens. § 10; Dox. 502.
890. MS. ds ἐκ τούτων w., corr. Karst. 337. MS. ἥδονται καὶ &, corr. Karst.
Empedokles 199
326. There is one vision coming from both (eyes).
927. (The heart) lies in seas of blood which darts in
opposite directions, and there most of all intelligence
centres for men ; for blood about the heart is intelligence
in the case of men.
830. For men’s wisdom increases with reference to
what lies before them.
331. In so far as they change and become different,
to this extent other sorts of things are ever present for —
them to think about.
333. For it is by earth that we see earth, and by
water water, and by air glorious air; so, too, by fire
we see destroying fire, and love by love, and strife by
baneful strife. For out of these (elements) all things
are fitted together and their form is fixed, and by these
“men think and feel both pleasure and pain.
200 the First Philosophers of Greece
Ei γὰρ ἐφημερίων ἕνεκέν τί σοι, ἄμβροτε Μοῦσα,
οὐκ ἔστιν πελάσασθ᾽ οὐδ' ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἐφικτὸν 856
845 ἡμετέροις ἢ χερσὶ λαβεῖν, ἥπερ τε μεγίστη
πειθοῦς ἀνθρώποισιν ἁμαξιτὸς sis φρένα πίπτει.
οὐ μὲν γὰρ βροτέῃ κεφαλῇ κατὰ γυῖα κέκασται,
οὐ μὲν ἁπαὶ νώτοιο δύο κλάδοι ἀΐσσονται, 860
ov πόδες, ov θοὰ yoor’, ov µήδεα λαχνήεντα,
850 ἀλλὰ φρὴν ἱερὴ καὶ ἀθέσφατος ἔπλετο μοῦνον, -
φροντίσι κὀσμον ἅπαντα καταΐσσουσα θοῇσιν.
338-341. Hipp. Ref. haer. vii. 31; 254. Cf. Schneid. Philol. vi. 167.
338. MS. εἰκάραι φηµερίων, corr. Mill. MS. τινὸς, corr. Schneid. 339. MS. ἡμετέρας µελέτας, corr. Schn. 3840. MS. εὐχομένων, corr. Schn. 341. MS. µακάρω», corr. Mill. Schn. καθαρὸν λόγο».
842. 8948. Clem. Al. Strom. 733. 344-346. Clem. Al. Strom. 694; Theodor. Ther. 1. 476 p.
344. Theod. πελάσασθ odd’, Clem. πελάσασθαι ἐν.
347-351. Ammon. on Arist. de interpret. 199 b; Schol. Arist. i. 35 b. Tzet. Chiliad. xiii. 79. 348-349. Hippol. Ref. haer. p. 248. 350-351. Tzet. vii. 522.
347. Ammon. οὔτε γὰρ ἀνδρομέῃ κεφαλῇ, T2t. οὗ μὲν γὰρ βροτέῃ κεφαλῃ. 348. Tat. οὗ μὲν ἀπαὶ, Hippol. οὗ γὰρ ἀπὸ, Ammon. Tzt. νώτων ye... ἀίσσουσι. Text from Hippol. 349. Hippol. yodvar’ οὗ µήδεα γενήεντα. (349a. Hippol. adds after 849 the following ἀλλὰ σφαῖρος ἕην καὶ Ίσος ἐστὶν αὐτῷ, Schneid. ἀλλὰ σφαῖρος ἕεις καὶ πάντοθεν Tras ἑαυτφ.)
a ο Ὡ. << πα πα eet =
Empedokles 201
Book III.
838. Would that in behalf of perishable beings thou,
immortal Muse, mightest take thought at all for our
thought to come by reason of our cares! Hear me
now and be present again by my side, Kalliopeia, as I
utter noble discourse about the blessed gods.
842. Blessed is he who has acquired a wealth of divine wisdom, but miserable he in whom there rests a
dim opinion concerning the gods.
344. It is not possible to draw near (to god) even
with the eyes, or to take hold of him with our hands,
which in truth is the best highway of persuasion into the
mind of man; for he has no human head fitted to a
body, nor do two shoots branch out from the trunk, nor
has he feet, nor swift legs, nor hairy parts, but he is
sacred and ineffable mind alone, darting through the
whole world with swift thoughts.
202 the First Philosophers of Greece
Ὦ Φίλοι, ot µέγα ἄστυ κατὰ ζαθέου Ακράγαντος 589
valet’ ay ἄκρα πόλευς», ἀγαθῶν µελεδήµονες
ἔργων,
ξείνων αἰδοίων λιμένες, κακότητος ἄπειροι,
855 αχαἰρετ᾽' ἐγὼ δ' ὕμμιν Peds ἄμβροτος, οὐκέτι
θνητὸς,
πωλεῦμαι μετὰ πᾶσι τετιµένος, ὥσπερ ἔοικε,
\rawlats τε περίστεπτος στέφεσίν τε θαλείοις.
τοῖσιν ap εὐτ' ἂν ἴκωμαι és ἄστεα τηλεθόωντα, 3895
ἀνδράσιν ἠδὲ φυναιξὶ σεβίζοµαι. οἱ δ' ἅμ᾽
ἕπονται
960 µυρίοι, ἐξερέοντες ὅπη πρὸς κέρδοφ ἀταρπός,
ol μὲν µαντοσυνέων κεχρηµένοι, οἱ δ' ἐπὶ
νούσων,
δηρὸν δὴ χαλεπῇσι πεπαρµένοι aud’ ὀδύνῃσι,
παντοίων ἐπύθοντο κλύειν εὐηκέα Baki. 400
ἀλλὰ τί τοῖσδ ἐπίκειμ', ὡσεὶ µέγα χρῆμά τι
πράσσων,
365 ei θνητῶν περίειµι πολυφθερέων ἀνθρώπων ;