27. Clem. θνητοῖσι; Clem., Diog. Laer. Vin. MS., Tzt. apodpas. Else- where ἄρουραν. 28. Clem. εὖτ, others ἄν κ. Diog., Clem. παλίντιτα, corr. Stein. 29. Τσι. στήσει, Suidas στήσει. 30. Τσζί. στήσει. 381. Diog. τὰ δ᾽ ἐν θέρει ἀήσαντα, Hermann τά τ) αἶθέρι αἰθύσσονται, corr. Stein.
83-35. Sext. Emp. Math. ix. 362, and x. 315; Plut. Mor. 8784 (Eus. Pr. Evang. xiv. p. 749) ; Probus on Verg. Eel. vi. 831; Hipp. Ref.
Empedokles 161
well -esteemed compel me to pluck them from mortal
hands, on condition that I speak boldly more than is
holy and only then sit on the heights of wisdom.
19. Bué come, examine by every means each thing
how it is clear, neither putting greater faith in anything -
seen than in what is heard, nor in a thundering sound
more than in the clear assertions of the tongue, nor
keep from trusting any of the other members in which
there lies means of knowledge, but know each thing in
the way in which it 18 clear.
24. Cures for evils whatever there are, and protec-
tion against old age shalt thou learn, since for thee alone
will I accomplish all these things. Thou shalt break
the power of untiring gales which rising against the
earth blow down the crops and destroy them; and,
again, whenever thou wilt, thou shalt bring their blasts
back ; and thou shalt bring seasonable drought out of
dark storm for men, and out of summer drought thou
shalt bring streams pouring down from heaven to
nurture the trees; and thou shalt lead out of Hades the
spirit of a man that is dead.
$8. Hear first the four roots of all things: bright
Zeus, life-giving Hera (air), and Aidoneus (earth), and
Nestis who moistens the springs of men with her tears.!
1 Cf. Dow. p. 90, n. 3.
162 the First Philosophers of Greece
85 Νῆστίς 0’ Saxpvos τέγγει κρούνωµα βρότειον.
Gro δέ τοι ἐρέω᾽ iors οὐδενός ἐστιν ἁπάντων
θνητῶν, οὐδέ τι» οὐλομένου θανάτοιο τελευτή,
ἀλλὰ µόνον μεῖξίς τε διάλλαξίς τε µιγέντων
ἐστὶ, φύσις δ᾽ ἐπὶ τοῖς ὀνομάζεται ἀνθρώποισιν. 80
40 οἱ & ὅτε κεν κατὰ hata μιγὲν pads αἰθέρι <ixy>
h κατὰ θηρῶν ἀγροτέρων γένος ἢ κατὰ θάµνων
ἠὲ κατ’ οἰωνῶν, τότε μὲν TA λέγουσι γενέσθαι °
etre δ' ἀποκριθέωσι, τὰ 8 ad δυσδαίµονα πότµον, 9456
ἣ θέµις ἐστί, καλοῦσι, νόμῳ δ᾽ ἐπίφημι καὶ αὐτόν.
45 νήπιοι' ov γάρ σφιν δολιχόφρονές εἶσι µέριμναι,
οἳ δὴ γίγνεσθαι πάρος οὐκ ἐὸν ἐλπίζουσιν
ἤ τι καταθνῄσκειν τε καὶ ἐξόλλυσθαι ἁπάντῃ.
ix τε γὰρ οὐδάμ) ἐόντος ἁμήχανόν ἐστι γενέσθαι, 81
Empedokles 163
86. And a second thing I will tell thee: There is no
origination of anything that is mortal, nor yet any end in
baneful death ; but only mixture and separation of what
is mixed, but men call this ‘ origination.’
40. But when light is mingled with air m human form, or in form.like the race of wild beasts or of plants or of birds, then men say that these things have come into being; and when they are separated, they call them evil fate; this is the established practice, and I myself
also call it so in accordance with the custom.
45. Fools! for they have no far-reaching studious thoughts who think that what was not before comes
into being or that anything dies and perishes utterly.
48, For from what does not exist at all it is impos-
sible that anything come into being, and it is neither
possible nor perceivable that being should perish com-
pletely ; for things will always stand wherever one in
each case shall put them. mu 2
164 the First Philosophers of Greece
kal’ gov ἐξαπολέσθαι ἀνήνυστον καὶ ἄπυστον' 50 αἰεὶ γὰρ στήσονται ὅπη κά τις αἰὲν ἐρείδῃ.
οὐκ ἂν avnp τοιαῦτα σοφὸς φρεσὶ μαντεύσαιτο, 350
ws ὄφρα pév τε βιοῦσι, τὸ δὴ βίοτον καλέουσι,
τόφρα μὲν οὖν εἰσὶν καὶ σφιν πάρα Sera καὶ ἐσθλά,
ws δὲ παρ᾽ ἡμετέρης κέλεται πιστώµατα Μούσης,
γνῶθι, διατµηθέντος évl σπλάγχνοισι λόγοιο.
κορυφὰς ἑτέρας ἑτέρῃσι προσάπτων 447
μύθων, unre τελεῖν ἀτραπὸν µίαν '
60 dis γὰρ καὶ τρὶς δεῖ 6 τι bn καλόν ἐστιν ἐνί-
σπειν. ο 446
[πείρατα μύθων] 87
δίπλ᾽ ἐρέω' τοτὲ µεν γὰρ ἂν ηὐξήθη µόνον εἶναι
51-54. Plut. Colof. 1113 ». 53. MSS. εἶσὶ καί σφι, corr. Karst. MSS. δεινα, corr. Bergk. 55-57. Clem. Al. Strom. 656. 56-57. Theod. Serm. 476 Sch. 56. Theod. ὧδε γὰρ.
58-59. Plut. de orac. def. 418c. Arranged in verse by Xylander, MSS. μήτε λέγειν corr. Knatz, Empedociea, p. 7.
60. Plut. non pos. suav. viv. 1103 F δὶς γὰρ d δεῖ καλόν ἐστιν ἁκοῦσαι, Schol. Plat. Gorg. 124 Ruhnk. δὶς καὶ τρὶς τὸ καλὸν. . . Ἐμπεδ. rd ἔπος “ καὶ dls γὰρ ὃ δεῖ καλόν ἐστιν ἐνίσπειν.᾽ Text from Sturz.
61. Karst. supplies πείρατα μύθω» from v. 75. 62. Cf. 104. 65. #
δρυφθεῖσα, MS. dperrh. 66-67. Cf. 116-117. 68. Simpl. 158,
8 δίχα πάντα. Elsewhere as in text. 69. Om. Simpl. 158 b
1. 73. MSS. ἀκίνητοι corr. Bergk.
Empedokles 169
51. A man of wise mind could not divine such things
as these, that so long as men live what indeed they call
life, so long they exist and share what is evil and what
is excellent, but before they are formed and after they
are dissolved, they are really nothing at all.
55. But for base men it is indeed possible to withhold
belief from strong proofs; but do thou learn as the
pledges of our Muse bid thee, and lay open her word to
the very core.
58. Joining one heading to another in discussion, not completing one path (of discourse) . . . for it is
right to say what is excellent twice and even thrice.
/ 60. Twofold is the truth I shall speak; for at one
time there grew to be one alone out of many, and
at another time, however, it separated so that there
were many out of the one.. Twofold is the coming into
being, twofold the passing away, of perishable ings 5
for the latter (i.e. passing away) the combining of
166 the First Philosophers of Greece
ἐκ πλεόνων, tot? δ᾽ av διέφυ πλέον) ἐξ ἑνὸς εἶναι.
ἄλλοτε μὲν Φιλότητι cvvepyouer’ eis bv ἅπαντα,
ἄλλοτε ὃ av Six’ Exacta φορεύμενα Neixeos ἔχθει,
118 eis ὅ κεν ἓν συμφύντα τὸ Tay ὑπένερθε γένηται.
οὕτως ᾗ μὲν bv ἐκ πλεόνων µεµάθηκε φύεσθαι
τῇ μὲν yiyvovrai τε καὶ ov σφισιν ἔμπεδος αἰών'
ᾗ δὲ rad’ ἀλλάσσοντα διαμπερὲς οὐδαμὰ λήγει,
ἀλλ) aye, μύθων κλῦθι, µάθη yap τοι dpévas αὔξει.
m4 e A A \ 9 4 /
Τῦ ws yap καὶ πρὶν seta πιφαύσκων πείρατα μύθων,
Sian’ ἐρέω" τοτὲ μὲν yap bv ηὐξήθη µόνον εἶναι
74-95. Simpl. Phys. 34 r 158, 13 sq. following the preceding with-
74. Simpl. µέθη, corr. Bergk from Stob. and Clem. 78. Sext.
ἥπιον, Clem. αἰθέρος, Plut. αἰθέρος ἤπιον. 79. Simpl. ἕκαστον, Sext. ἁπάντῃ; corr. Panz. 80. Plut. ἐν τοῖς, Sext. φιλί... Ίσον. 81. Simpl. aF' σὺν vg; cf. Plut. 82. Simpl. J φυτοῖσιν : Bergk, Karst. ἐνίζεται. 83. Simpl. DE καὶ ἄρθωια, F καὶ &p’ ὅμοια, 85. Simpl. μετ ὅσοισιν, Pana. μεθ) ὅλοισι», Prel. 7’ ὅσσοισιν. [ have suggested μετὰ τοῖσιν. 89. Simpl. καὶ πρὸς τοῖς ofr’ ἄρτι. Cf. 159, 8 μηδὲν ἐπιγίνεσθαι und’ ἀπολήγει», corr. Stein. 93. Simpl. Da κε καὶ xhpvt, F omits κε, corr. Stein (notes). 95. D γίνονται MS. ἄλλοτε, corr. Stein. DE καὶ ἠνεκὲς (cf. Hesych.), aF’ διηνεκὲς.
EMPEDOKLES 167
all things both begets and destroys, and the former
(i.e. coming into being), which was nurtured again out
of parts that were being separated, is itself scattered.
66. And these (elements) never cease changing place
continually, now being all united by Love into one, now
each borne apart by the hatred engendered of Strife,
until they are brought together in the unity of the all,
and become subject to it. Thus inasmuch as one
has been wont to arise out of many aid again with the
separation of the one the many arise, so things are con-
tinually coming into being and there is no fixed age
for them; and farther inasmuch as they [the elements]
never cease changing place continually, so they always
exist within an immovable circle.
74. But come, hear my words, for truly learning
causes the mind to grow. For as I said before in
declaring the ends of my words: Twofold is the truth
I shall speak; for at one time there grew to be the one
168 the First Philosophers οε Greece
dx πλεόνων, τοτὲ δ᾽ ad διέφυ πλέον ἐξ ἑνὸν eivas,
πρ καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ yata καὶ αἰθέρος ἄπλετον ὕψος - 105
Neixos 7’ οὐλόμενον δίχα τῶν, ἀτάλαντον ἑκάστῳ,
καὶ Φιλότης ἐν τοῖσιν ion μῇκόφ τε πλάτος TE.
τὴν σὺ vow δέρκευ μηδ ὄμμασιν oo τεθηπώε,
ταῦτα γὰρ loa τε πάντα καὶ ἡλίκα γένναν ἔασι,
tins ὃ ἄλληε ἄλλο µέδει, πάρα 8 ἦθος ἑκάστῳφ. 115
τοῦτο & ἐπαυξήσειε τὸ wav τί κε καὶ πόθεν ἐλθόν ; 120
arn δέ κε καὶ ἀπολοίατ ἐπεὶ τῶνδ οὐδὲν ἔρημον ;
96-109. Simpl. Phys. 34r 159, 19. 98-107. Simpl. Phys. 7 v 33, 8, 96 and100. Arist. Gen. Corr. i. 1, 314 b 19; Philopon. Comment. on this passage; Plut. de prim. frig. 249 r; Galen, vol. xiii. p. 31 Chart. 104-107". Arist. Meta. ii. 4; 10004 99.
98. Arist. Philopon. λευκὸν . . . θερμὸ», Simpl. Galen θερμὸ» .. . λαμπρὺ»: Simpl. Arist. ὁρᾶ», Plut. Aristot. ὅρα, Simpl. F’ ὁρᾷ. 99. Simpl. ἔδεται or έδειτο: Stein ὅσσα πέλει, Diels ὅσσα θέει τε. 100. Some MSS. Arist. and Plut. (οφόεντκ. 101. Simpl. θέληµα, a θελίµνα, corr. Sturz: Simpl. 33, 11 στερέωμα. 102. Simpl. 159, 19 πέλοντα. 104. Simpl. 159, 31 D παντὸς &rny, a Ε) wdyr’ hv: Arist. Met. ἐξ ὧν wdv@’ ὅσα 7’ ἦν ὅσα τ) ἐσθ᾽ ὅσα 7’ ἔσται ὀπίσσω. 105. Simpl. 198, 16 δένδρα ve βεβλάστηκε. 108. ED τογο», Diels τό γ) bv? Hermes xv. 163 τόσον: E διάκρασις, D διάκρισι. Stara. Sdwrviis from Simpl. 34 ν. 161, 20. Platt διὰ Κύπρις ἀμείβει Journ. Philol. 48, p. 946.
I bracket 108-109 as another form of 94-95.
Empedokles 169
_ alone out of many, and at another time it separated so
that there were many out of the one; fire and water
and earth and boundless height of air, and baneful
Strife apart from these, balancing each of them, and
Love among them, their equal in length and breadth.
81. Upon her do thou gaze with thy mind, nor yet sit
dazed in thine eyes; for she is wont to be implanted in
men’s members, and through her they have thoughts of
love and accomplish deeds of union, and call her by the
names of Delight, and Aphrodite; no mortal man has
discerned her with them (the elements) as she moves on
her way. But do thou listen to the undeceiving course
of my words.!...
87. For these (elements) are equal, all of them, and
of like ancient race; and one holds one office, another
another, and each has his own nature. . . . For nothing
is added to them, nor yet does anything pass away from
them ; for if they were continually perishing they would
no longer exist. . . . Neither is any part of this all
empty, nor over full. For how should anything cause
this all to increase, and whence should it come? And
whither should they (the elements) perish, since no place
is empty of them? And in their turn they prevail as
the cycle comes round, and they disappear before
[αὐτὰ γάρ ἐστι ταῦτα, δι ἀλλήλων δὲ θέοντα 109 ylvetat ἀλλοιωπά. Ίτογον διὰ κρᾶσις ἀμείβει.] 187
; Cf. Parmenides v. 112.
170 the First Philosophers of Greece
118 καὶ φθίνει eis ἄλληλα καὶ αὔξεται ἐν µέρει 198
αἴσηρ.
94 ἀλλ᾽ abr’ ἔστιν ταῦτα δι ἀλλήλων δὲ θέοντα 1922
95 «γίνεται ἄλλοθεν ἄλλα καὶ ἠνεκὲς aizv ὁμοῖα.
96 ἀλλ᾽ aye Tavs’ ὁάρων προτέρων ἐπιμάρτυρα
δέρκευ,
el τι καὶ ἐν προτέροισι λιπόξυλον ἔπλ.ετο poppy. 125
ἠέλιον μὲν θερμὸν ὁρᾶν καὶ λαμπρὸν ἁπάντη,
ἄμβροτα δ ὅσσα πέλει τε καὶ ἀργέτι δεύεται
avy,
100 ὄμβρον & ἐν πᾶσι δνοφόεντά τε ῥυγαλέον τε,
ἐκ 8 ains προρέουσι θέλυµνά τε καὶ στερεωπά.
ἐν δὲ Κότῳ διάµορφα καὶ ἄνδιχα πάντα πέλονται, 190
σὺν & ἔβη ἐν Φιλότητι καὶ ἀλλήλοισι ποθεῖται.
ἐκ τούτων γὰρ πάνθ᾽ ὅσα τ ἦν ὅσα 7 ἔστι καὶ
ἔσται,
106 δένδρεά 7 ἑβλάστησε καὶ avépes ἠδὲ yuvaixes
θῆρές 7’ οἰωνού τε καὶ ὑδατοθρέμμονες ὐχθῦς
καί τε θεοὶ δολιχαίωνες τιμῇσι φέριστοι. 135
as 8 ὁπόταν γραφέες ἀναθήματα ποικίλλωσιν
120 ἀνέρες audi τέχνης ὑπὸ µήτιος ed δεδαῶτε 155
110-111. Hippol. Ref. haer. 247 Mill.
110. MS. εἰ γὰρ . . . fora: οὐδέχω τοίω, corr. Schneid. Phil. vi. 160. 111. MS. κενώσεται ἄσβεστος, corr. Mill.
112-118. Simpl. Phys. 8 r 33, 19.
114. MS. ἐστι, corr. Panz. 115. ΜΒ. κηρῶ», Stz. θηρῶ», Bergk θνητῶν. 118. E év, D ὁν, F bv, 4 dv, Text Hermes xv. 163.