siROZAII II. 15
seasons ; we sacrifice unto the well-shapen and tall-
formed Strength ; we sacrifice unto Verethraghna,
made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto the crushing
Ascendant.
(At the gah Ushahin) : We sacrifice unto the holy,
tall-formed, fiend-smiting Sraosha, who makes the
world grow, the holy and master of holiness ; we
sacrifice unto Rashnu Razi^ta ; we sacrifice unto
Ar^ta^, who makes the world grow, who makes the
world increase.
8. Dai pa Adar.
We sacrifice unto the Maker Ahura Mazda, the
bright and o-lorious ; we sacrifice unto the Amesha-
Spe;2tas, the all-ruling, the all-beneficent.
9. Adar.
We sacrifice unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto the Glory, made by Mazda ; we
sacrifice unto the Weal, made by Mazda ; we sacri-
fice unto the Glory of the Aryas, made by Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto the awful Glory of the Kavis, made
by Mazda.
We sacrifice unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto kingr Husravah ; we sacrifice unto
the lake of Husravah ; we sacrifice unto Mount As-
nava/^/, made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto Lake
/ifae/C-asta, made by Mazda; we sacrifice unto the
awful Glory of the Kavis, made by Mazda.
We sacrifice unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto Mount Raeva/^/, made by Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto the awful Glory of the Kavis,
made by Mazda.
We sacrifice unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ; we sacrifice unto Atar, the beneficent, the warrior.
1 6 YA5'TS AND SIROZAHS.
We sacrifice unto that God, who is a full source of
glory. We sacrifice unto that God, who is a full
source of healing.
We sacrifice unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto all Fires ; we sacrifice unto the
God, Nairyo-Sangha, who dwells in the navel of
kings,
lo. Aban.
We sacrifice unto the good Waters, made by
Mazda and holy ; we sacrifice unto the holy water-
spring Ardvi Anahita ; we sacrifice unto all waters,
made by Mazda and holy ; we sacrifice unto all
plants, made by Mazda and holy.
II. Khorshed. We sacrifice unto the bright, undying, shining,
swift-horsed Sun.
12. Mah.
We sacrifice unto the Moon that keeps in it the
seed of the Bull. We sacrifice unto the Soul and
Fravashi of the only-created Bull ; we sacrifice unto
the Soul and Fravashi of the Bull of many species.
13. Tin
We sacrifice unto Ti^-trya, the bright and glorious
star ; we sacrifice unto the powerful Satavaesa, made
by Mazda, who pushes waters forward ; we sacrifice
unto all the Stars that have in them the seed of the
waters ; we sacrifice unto all the Stars that have in
them the seed of the earth ; we sacrifice unto all the
Stars that have in them the seeds of the plants ; we
sacrifice unto the Star Vana/^^*, made by Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto those stars that are seven in num-
ber, the Hapt6iri//gas, made by Mazda, glorious and
healing ; in order to oppose the Yatus and Pairikas.
Sirozah Ii. 17
14. Gos.
We sacrifice unto the soul of the bounteous Cow ;
we sacrifice unto the powerful Drvaspa, made by
Mazda and holy.
15. Dai pa Mihir.
We sacrifice unto the Maker Ahura Mazda, the
bright and glorious ; we sacrifice unto the Amesha-
Spe;^tas, the all-ruling, the all-beneficent.
16. Mihir.
We sacrifice unto Mithra, the lord of wide pas-
tures, who has a thousand ears and ten thousand
eyes, a God invoked by his own name ; we sacrifice
unto Rama i^z^astra.
17. Srosh.
We sacrifice unto the holy, tall-formed, fiend-
smiting, world-increasing Sraosha, holy and master
of holiness.
18. Rashn.
We sacrifice unto Rashnu Razii-ta ; we sacrifice
unto Ar^-ta/, who makes the world grow, who makes
the world increase ; we sacrifice unto the true-spoken
speech that makes the world grow.
19. Farvardin.
We sacrifice unto the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of the holy ones.
20. Bah ram.
We sacrifice unto the well-shapen, tall-formed
Strength ; we sacrifice untoVerethraghna, made by
Ahura ; we sacrifice unto the crushing Ascendant.
[23] C
1 8 YA^TS AND siROZAHS.
21. Ram.
We sacrifice unto Rama i/z^astra; we sacrifice
unto the holy Vayu ; we sacrifice unto Vayu, who
works highly and is more powerful to destroy than
all other creatures. Unto that part of thee do we
sacrifice, O Vayu, that belongs to Spe;^ta-Mainyu.
We sacrifice unto the sovereign Sky ; we sacrifice
unto the Boundless Time ; we sacrifice unto the
sovereio-n Time of the lono- Period.
22. Bad.
We sacrifice unto the beneficent, bounteous Wind ;
we sacrifice unto the wind that blows below ; we
sacrifice unto the wind that blows above ; we sacri-
fice unto the wind that blows before ; we sacrifice
unto the wind that blows behind. We sacrifice unto
the manly Courage.
23. Dai pa Din.
We sacrifice unto the Maker Ahura Mazda, the bright and glorious ; we sacrifice unto the Amesha-
Spe;^tas.
24. Din.
We sacrifice unto the most right A'ista, made by
Mazda and holy ; we sacrifice unto the good Law of
the worshippers of Mazda.
25. Ard.
We sacrifice unto Ashi Vanguhi, the bright,
hieh, strone, tall-formed, and merciful ; we sacrifice
unto the Glory made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto
the Weal made by Mazda. We sacrifice unto
Pare;^di, of the li^ht chariot; we sacrifice unto the
Glory of the Aryas, made by Mazda ; we sacrifice
Sirozah Ii. 19
unto the awful kingly Glory, made by Mazda ; we
sacrifice unto that awful Glory, that cannot be
forcibly seized, made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto
the Glory of Zarathu^tra, made by Mazda.
26. A^tad.
We sacrifice unto Ar^ta^, who makes the world
grow ; we sacrifice unto Mount Ushi-darena, made by
Mazda, a God of holy happiness.
27. Asman.
We sacrifice unto the shining H eavens ; we sacri- fice unto the bright, all-happy, blissful abode of the
holy ones.
28, Zemyad.
We sacrifice unto the Earth, a beneficent God;
we sacrifice unto these places, unto these fields ; we
sacrifice unto Mount Ushi-darena, made by Mazda, a
God of holy happiness ; we sacrifice unto all the
mountains, that are seats of holy happiness, of full
happiness, made by Mazda, the holy and masters of
holiness ; we sacrifice unto the awful kingly Glory,
made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto the awful Glory
that cannot be forcibly seized, made by Mazda.
29. Mahraspand.
We sacrifice unto the Mathra Spe;^ta, of high
glory; we sacrifice unto the Law opposed to the
Daevas ; we sacrifice unto the Law of Zarathurtra ; we
sacrifice unto the long-traditional teaching ; we sacri-
fice unto the good Law of the worshippers of Mazda ;
we sacrifice unto the Devotion to the Mathra Spe/^ta ;
we sacrifice unto the understanding that keeps the
Law of the worshippers of Mazda ; we sacrifice unto
20 YA6'TS AND SIROZAIIS.
the knowledge of the Mathra Spe;^ta ; we sacrifice
unto the heavenly Wisdom, made by Mazda; we
sacrifice unto the Wisdom acquired through the
ear and made by Mazda.
30. Aneran.
We sacrifice unto the eternal and sovereign lumi-
nous space ; we sacrifice unto the bright Garo-
nmana ; we sacrifice unto the sovereign place of
eternal Weal ; we sacrifice unto the i'TinvaZ-bridge,
made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto Apam Napa/, the
swift-horsed, the high and shining lord, who has
many wives ; and we sacrifice unto the water, made
by Mazda and holy ; we sacrifice unto the golden
and tall Haoma ; we sacrifice unto the enlivening
Haoma, who makes the world grow ; we sacrifice
unto Haoma, who keeps death far away ; we sacri-
fice unto the pious and good Blessing ; we sacrifice
unto the awful, powerful, cursing thought of the wise,
a God ; we sacrifice unto all the holy Gods of the
heavenly world ; we sacrifice unto all the holy Gods
of the material world.
I praise, I invoke, I meditate upon, and we sacri-
fice unto the good, strong, beneficent Fravashis of
the holy ones ^
' Cf. Yasna XXVI, i.
Ormazd Ya5t. 21
L ORMAZD YA^-T.
The Ormazd Yajt, properly so called, ends with § 23. The rest of the Ya^ct, from § 24 to the end, is wanting in several manu- scripts, and is supposed by the Parsis to be a fragment of the Bahman Ya^t.
The Ormazd Yaxt is exclusively devoted to an enumeration of the names of Ahura and to a laudation of their virtues and efficacy: the recitation of these names is the best defence against all dangers.
§§ 1-6. The names of Ahura Mazda are the most powerful part of the Holy Word.
§§ 7-8. The twenty names of Ahura Mazda are enumerated.
§§ 9-11. Efficacy of these names,
§§ 12-15. Another list of names.
§§ 16-19. Efficacy of Ahura's names.
§§ 20-23. Sundry formulas of invocation.
As may be seen from this summary, the subject has been treated twice over, first in §§ i-ii, and then in §§ 12-19; y^*^ i*^ ^^^^ ^^^ appear that this Ynst was formed out of two independent treatises, and it is more likely that the vague and indefinite enumeration in §§ 12-15, which interrupts so clumsily the train of ideas, is due either to an interpolation or simply to the literary deficiency of the writer himself.
The Ormazd Yajt is recited every day at the Havan Gah, after the morning prayer (Anquetil, Zend-Avesta, II, 143): it is well also to recite it when going to sleep and when changing one's residence (§ 17).
Speculations on the mystical powers of God's names have always been common among Orientals. The number of these names went on increasing: Dastur Noshirvan wrote on the 10 1 names of God; Dastur Marzban on his 125 names. With the Musulmans, Allah had looi names. On the names of God among the Jews, see Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, XXXV, pp. 162, 532.
We have three native translations of this Yasi ; one in Pahlavi (East India Office, XII, 39, and St. Petersburg, XCIX, 39 ; edited by Carl Salemann), one in Persian {East India Office, XXII, 43), and one in Sanskrit (Paris, fonds Burnouf, V, 66) ; the last two edited in our Etudes Iraniennes, II, 255).
2 2 YAS'TS AND SIROZAHS.
The second part of the Ya.st, the so-called Bahman Ya^-t frag- ment, is In a state of the utmost corruption. It is difficult to trace any connection in the ideas, yet §§ 28, 29, 30 seem to point rather clearly to the final struggle between Ormazd and Ahriman and to the annihilation of the Daevas, and, thereby, some connection is established between this fragment and the Pahlavi Bahman Ya-yt^ which deals with the same subject. If that correspondence be real, § 26 might refer to the beginning of the Pahlavi Bahman Ya.st, in which Zarathui-tra is shown by Ahura the times to come and the end of the world.
Of this fragment we have only a bad Pahlavi translation in the St. Petersburg manuscript mentioned above.
0 -. May Ahura Mazda be rejoiced ! May Angra Mainyu be
destroyed ! by those who do truly what is the foremost wish (of
God^).
1 praise well-thought, well-spoken, and well-done thoughts, words, and deeds. I embrace all good thoughts, good words, and good deeds ; I reject all evil thoughts, evil words, and evil deeds.
I give sacrifice and prayer unto you, O Amesha-Spewtas ! even with the fulness of my thoughts, of my words, of my deeds, and of my heart : I give unto you even my own life •*.
I recite the 'Praise of Holiness'^:'
'Ashem Vohu : Holiness is the best of all good. Well is it for it, well is it for that holiness which is perfection of holiness !'
1 confess myself a worshipper of Mazda, a follower of Zara- thujtra, one who hates the Daevas and obeys the laws of Ahura";
^ Translated by West (Pahlavi Texts, I).
2 The formulas of this section serve as an introduction to all Yaj-ts.
^ The last clause of this sentence is imitated from Yasna XLVI [XLV], 19 : 'he who does truly in holiness what was the foremost wish of Zarathu.rtra ' (that is, what he ordered most earnestly; Palil. Comm.).
* ' If I must give up my life for the sake of my soul, I give it up ' (Pahl. Comm.). The two sentences, ' I praise ...,'' I give unto you . . . ,' are taken from Yasna XI, 17, 18 [XII].
^ The Ashem Vohu, one of the holiest and most frequently recited prayers.
^ The Fravarane or profession of faith of the Zoroastrian (Yasna I, 23 [65-68]).
ORMAZD VAST.
For sacrifice S prayer, propitiation, and glorification unto [Ha- vani]", the holy and master of holiness ;
For sacrifice, prayer, propitiation, and glorification unto [Savan- ghi and Visya] ^, the holy and masters of holiness;