^ Literally ' the Son of the Waters ; ' he was originally the Fire of lightning, as born in the clouds (like the Vedic Apam napat); he still appears in that character, Yt. VIII, 34 ; he is for that reason ' the lord of the females ' because the waters were con- sidered as females (cf Yasna XXXVIII, i [2]). But, as napa/ means also ' navel' (the same words having often the two meanings of 'navel' and 'offspring;' cf. nabhi in the Vedas and the Zend nafyo, 'offspring,' from nafa 'navel'), Apam Napa/ was inter- preted as ' the spring of the waters, the navel of the waters,' which was supposed to be at the source of the Arvand (the Tigris; Neriosengh ad Yasna I, 5 [15] ) ; cf. Yt. V, 72.
2 Cf. Yasna I, 5 [13-15]. ^ See Yt. XIII.
* Perhaps better: 'to the flocks of Fravashis of the faithful, men and women.'
^ The Genius of Victory; see Yt. XIV.
" Cf. Yasna I, 6 [16-19].
^ See Yt. XI and Vend. Introd. IV, 31 ; Farg. XVIII, 14 seq.
« The Genius of Truth ; see Yt. XII.
« Truth; seeYt. XVIII. i« Cf. Yasna I, 7 [20-23]. •
" The day before Adar (Dai is the Persian (^j, 'yesterday,' which is the same word as the Sanskrit hyas, Latin heri). The eighth, fifteenth, and twenty-third days of the month are under the
SIROZAII I.
9. Adar.
To Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ; to the Glory
and to the Weal, made by Mazda ; to the Glory of
the Aryas ^ made by Mazda ; to the awful Glory
of the Kavis -, made by Mazda.
To Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ; to king Husravah^; to the lake of Husravah*; to Mount
Asnava;// ^, made by Mazda ; to Lake A'ae/^^asta **,
made by Mazda ; to the Glory of the Kavis, made
by Mazda \
rule of Ahura and the Amesha-Spewtas, like the first day ; they have therefore no name of their own and are named from the day that follows. The month was divided into four weeks, the first two numbering seven days, the last two numbering eight.
^ Or better ' the Glories of the Aryas ' (Eramdeja^ri«am) : the Glory or Hvaxtno (Vend. Introd. IV, 11, p. Ixiii, note i) is threefold, according as it illuminates the priest, the warrior, or the husbandman. Ya^t XIX is devoted to the praise of the HvdiXQx\o.
^ Or ' the awful kingly glory : ' Kavi means a king, but it is particularly used of the kings belonging to the second and most celebrated of the two mythical dynasties of Iran. The Kavis succeeded the Paradhata or Peshdadians, and Darius Codo- manes was supposed to be the last of them. For an enumeration of the principal Kavis, see Yt. XIII, 132 seq. The HvsiVQwo alluded to in this clause is the ^^'areno of the priest; 'it is the fire known as Adarapra [Adar Froba]; or better Adar Farnbag : see Etudes Iraniennes, II, 84 ; its object is the science of the priests ; by its help priests become learned and clever ' (Sanskrit transl. to the Atash Nyayish).
■' See Yt. V, 41, note.
* See Yt. XIX, 56.
® A mountain in Adarbai^'an (Bundahij XII, 26), where king Husravah settled the fire Gushasp.
« SeeYt.V, 49.
'' The glory of the warriors, the fire known ,as Adar Gushasp orGushnasp; with its help king Husravah destroyed the idol- temples near Lake A'e/^ast, and he settled it on Mount Asnava«/ (Bund. XVII, 7).
8 YA5TS AND SIROZAIIS.
To Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda ; to Mount
Raeva;// \ made by Mazda ; to the Glory of the
Kavis, made by Mazda ^.
To Atar, the beneficent, the warrior ; the God
who is a full source of Glory, the God who is a full
source of healing.
To Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda, with all Atars^•
to the God Nairyo-Sangha ^ who dwells in the
navel of kings ^.
lo. Aban.
To the good Waters, made by Mazda; to the
holy water-spring Ardvi Anahita^'; to all waters
made by Mazda ; to all plants made by Mazda.
II. Khorshed, To the undying, shining, swift-horsed Sun^
12. Mah.
To the Moon that keeps in it the seed of the
Bull»; to the only-created BulP; to the Bull of
.many species ^^
^ A mountain in Khorasan on which the Burzin fire is settled (Bund. XII, 1 8).
A a ^ ^
- ' The fire known as Adarabura_^amihira [Adar Burzin MihirJ ; its object is the science of husbandry.' King Gu^tasp established it on Mount Raevaw/ (Bund. XVII, 8).
^ All sorts of fires. See another classification, Yasna XVII, II [63-67] and Bundahij XVII, i.
* See Vend. XXII, 7.
^ The fire Nairyo-sangha, as the messenger of Ahura, burns hereditarily in the bosom of his earthly representative, the king. « See Yt. V. ^ See Yt. VI.
^ See Yt. VII and Vend. XXI, i, text and note.
* Aevo-data gauj; see Vend. 1. 1. and Bundahii' IV.
" Pouru-saredha gauj: the couple born of the seed of the
stROZAH I.
13. Tir.
To Tii-trya \ the bright and glorious star ; to the
powerful Satavaesa '-, made by Mazda, who pushes
waters forward ; to the stars, made by Mazda, that
have in them the seed of the waters, the seed of the
earth, the seed of the plants^; to the star Vana/^/*,
made by Mazda; to those stars that are seven in
number, the Hapt6Iri/^gas^ made by Mazda, glorious
and healing.
14. Gos.
To the body of the Cow, to the soul of the Cow, to the powerful Drvaspa ^ made by Mazda and holy.
15. Dai pa Mihir.
To the Maker Ahura Mazda, bright and glorious,
and to the Amesha-Spe;2tas.
16. Mihir.
To Mithra^ the lord of wide pastures, who has
a thousand ears and ten thousand eyes, a God
invoked by his own name ; to Rama //z'astra ^
17. Srosh.
To the holy, strong Sraosha^ who is the incar- nate Word, a mighty-speared and lordly God.
18. Rashn.
To Rashnu Razi^ta^ to Ar^ta/'^ who makes the
only-created Bull, and from which arose two hundred and eighty species (Bund. XI, 3).
1 See Yt. VIII. "" See Yt. VIII, 9.
=• SeeYt. XII, 29-31. * See Yt. VIII, 12.
' See Yt. IX. « See Yt. X.
' See Yt. XV. ' See Yt. XI.
» See Yt. XII. '" See Yt. XVIII.
to YA5TS AND SIROZAHS.
world grow, who makes the world increase ; to the true-spoken speech, that makes the world grow.
19. Farvardin. To the awful, overpowering Fravashis of the
holy ones\
20. Bahram.
To the well-shapen, tall-formed Strength; to
Verethraghna^, made by Ahura ; to the crush-
ing Ascendant.
21. Ram.
To Rama //z/astra^ to Vayu ^ who works
highly^ and is more powerful to destroy than all
other creatures : to that part of thee, O Vayu, that
belongs to Spe;^ta-Mainyu ^ to the sovereign Sky,
to the Boundless Time '', to the sovereign Time of
the long Period *^.
22. Bad.
To the bounteous Wind, that blows below, above, before, and behind ; to the manly Courage.
23. Dai pa Din.
To the Maker, Ahura Mazda, bright and glorious ;
to the Amesha-Spe/^tas.
24. Din.
To the most right Arista ^ made by Mazda and
holy; to the good Law ^ of the worshippers of
Mazda.
> SeeYt. Xm. ' See Yt. XIV.
^ See Yt. XV. * Powerfully.
« SeeYt. XV, i.
« See Vend. Introd. IV, 39 and Ixxxii, i.
' See Yt. XVI.
SIRdZAH I. IT
25. Ard
To Ashi Vanguhi^ to the good /i:'isti ^ ; to
the good Ereth^=^; to the good Rasasta/^; to the
Weal and Glory, made by Mazda; to Pare;/di ^ of
the light chariot ; to the Glory of the Aryas made
by Mazda ; to the kingly Glory made by Mazda ;
to that Glory that cannot be forcibly seized ^ made
by Mazda; to the Glory of Zarathu^tra, made by
Mazda.
26. Ai-tad.
To Ar^ta/', who makes the world grow; to
Mount Ushi-darena^ made by Mazda, the seat of
holy happiness.
27. Asman.
To the high, powerful Heavens; to the bright, all-happy, blissful abode of the holy ones.
28. Zemyad^.
To the bounteous Earth ; to these places, to these
fields ; to Mount Ushi-darena ^ made by Mazda, the
seat of holy happiness ; to all the mountains made
by Mazda, that are seats of holy happiness, of full
happiness ; to the kingly Glory made by Mazda ;
' See Yt. XVII.
^ Religious knowledge, wisdom (far^'-anak ; nirvana^^anam).
3 Thought (X'ittam). * Thoughtfulness (/^ittasthiti).
^ The keeper of treasures ; cf. Vend. Introd. IV, 30.
* A^z;aretem //rareno : ' the /ivurend of the priests : that it cannot be forcibly seized means that one must take possession of it through virtue and righteous exertion' (Neriosengh and Pahl. Comm. to Yasna I and IV, 14 [42]).
' See Yt. XVIII. ' See Yt. I, 31, text and note.
9 See Yt. XIX.
12 YA^-TS AND SIROZAHS.
to that Glory that cannot be forcibly seized \ made by Mazda.
29. Mahraspand.
To the holy, righteousness-performing Mathra
Spe/2ta^; to the Law opposed to the Daevas, the
Law of Zarathui-tra ; to the long-traditional teach-
ing^; to the good Law of the worshippers of Mazda ;
to the Devotion to the Mathra Spe//ta ; to the
understanding that keeps'* the Law of the worship-
pers of Mazda ; to the knowledge of the Mathra
Spe;/ta ; to the heavenly Wisdom made by Mazda ;
to the Wisdom acquired through the ear^ and
made by Mazda.
30. Aneran.
To the eternaK' and sovereign luminous space'';
to the bright Garo-nmana^; to the sovereign place
of eternal WeaP; to the A'inva/- bridge^", made by
Mazda; to the tall lord Apam Napa^'^ and to the
water made by Mazda ; to Haoma ^^, of holy birth ;
to the pious and good Blessing ; to the awful cursing
thought of the wise ^; to all the holy Gods of the
^ See p. II, note 6. ^ The Holy Word.
' Daregha upayana: ihe Genius of Teaching (jixam admya- rupi7nm; Yasna I, 12 [40]).
* In memory. ^ See above, § 2.
® Or boundless (anaghra; the Parsi aneran).
'' Or Infinite Light ; see Vend. Introd. p. Ixxxii and Bund. I, 2.
® The abode of Ahura IMazda; see Vend. XIX, 32.
® See Vend. XIX, 36, note i.
" See Vend. XIX, 29, note 3.
" See Sirozah II, 7, note.
'2 See Vend. Introd. IV, 28.
" 'The blessing (afriti) is twofold: one by thought, one by words; the blessing by words is the more powerful; the curse
Sirozah Ii. 13
heavenly world and of the material one ; to the
awful, overpowering Fravashis of the faithful, to
the Fravashis of the first men of the law, to the
Fravashis of the next-of-kin ^ ; to every God invoked
by his own name ^,
s!r6zah II.
1. Ormazd.
We sacrifice unto the bright and glorious Ahura
Mazda; we sacrifice unto the Amesha-Spe;/tas, the
all-ruling, the all-beneficent.
2. Bah man.
We sacrifice unto Vohu-Mano, the Amesha-
Spe;^ta ; we sacrifice unto Peace, whose breath is
friendly, and who is more powerful to destroy than
all other creatures. We sacrifice unto the heavenly
Wisdom, made by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto the
Wisdom acquired through the ear, made by Mazda.
3. Ardibehe^t.
We sacrifice unto Asha-Vahi^ta, the fairest, the
Amesha-Spe;^ta; we sacrifice unto the much-desired
Airyaman ; we sacrifice unto the instrument made
by Mazda ; we sacrifice unto the good Saoka, with
eyes of love, made by Mazda and holy.
(upamana) in thought is the more powerful' (Neriosengh ad Yasna I, 15 [44]). Upamana is the same as the Vedic manyu.
^ See Yt. XIII, o.
^ In contradistinction to general invocations.
14 YA5TS AND SIROZAHS.
4. Shahrevar.
We sacrifice unto Khshathra-Vairya, the Ame-
sha-Spe/2ta ; we sacrifice unto the metals ; we sacri-
fice unto Mercy and Charity.
5. Sapendarmad.
We sacrifice unto the good Spe/zta Armaiti;
we sacrifice unto the good Rata, with eyes of love,
made by Mazda and holy.
6. Khordad.
We sacrifice unto Haurvata/, the Amesha-
Spe/zta ; we sacrifice unto the prosperity of the
seasons. We sacrifice unto the years, the holy and
masters of holiness.
7. Murdad.
We sacrifice unto Amereta/, the Amesha-Spe;zta ;
we sacrifice unto fatness and flocks ; we sacrifice unto
the plenty of corn ; we sacrifice unto the powerful
Gaokerena, made by Mazda.
(At the gah Havan) : We sacrifice unto Mithra,
the lord of wide pastures ; we sacrifice unto Rama
//ij^astra.
(At the gah Rapithwin) : We sacrifice unto Asha- Vahi^ta and unto Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda.
(At the gah Uziren) : We sacrifice unto Apam
Napa/, the swift-horsed, the tall and shining lord,
the lord of the females ; we sacrifice unto the water
made by Mazda and holy.
(At the gah Aiwisruthrem) : We sacrifice unto the
good, powerful, beneficent Fravashis of the holy
ones ; we sacrifice unto the females that bring forth
flocks of males ; we sacrifice unto the thrift of the