12. Now this Bhikkhu, after having atoned for
286 MAHAVAGGA. II, 27, 13.
that offence by the advice of that Bhikkhu, went to
those Bhikkhus (to his brethren who shared in the
same offence) ; having gone to them, he said to those
Bhikkhus: ' He who does such and such a thing,
friends, commits such and such an offence. As you
have committed such an offence, friends, atone for
that offence/ Now those Bhikkhus refused to atone
for that offence by that Bhikkhu's advice.
They told this thing to the Blessed One.
13, 14. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, the whole Sa^gha
in a certain residence is guilty of a common offence,
&c. (§§ 10, 11)—
15. 'If this Bhikkhu, O Bhikkhus, after having
atoned for that offence by the advice of that
Bhikkhu, goes to those Bhikkhus, and having gone
to them, says to those Bhikkhus : " He who does,
Sec." and if those Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, atone for
that offence by that Bhikkhu's advice, well and
good ; if they do not atone for it, that Bhikkhu, O
Bhikkhus, need not say anything (further) to those
Bhikkhus, if he does not like/
End of the Bhi/zavara on A"odanavatthu.
1. At that time there assembled in a certain
residence (of Bhikkhus) at the day of Uposatha a
number of resident Bhikkhus, four or more. They
did not know that there were other resident Bhik-
khus absent. Intending to act according to Dhamma
and Vinaya, thinking themselves to be complete
while (really) incomplete, they held Uposatha and
11,28,4- Uposatha Ceremony, and Patimokkha. 287
recited the Patimokkha. While they were reciting
the Patimokkha, other resident Bhikkhus, a greater
number (than the first ones), arrived.
They told this thing to the Blessed One.
2. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble in a
certain residence at the day of Uposatha, &c. (§ i);
while they are reciting the Patimokkha, other resi-
dent Bhikkhus, a greater number, arrive ; let those
Bhikkhus, O Bhikkhus, recite the Patimokkha again ;
they who have recited it, are free from guilt.
3. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ;
while they are reciting the Patimokkha, other resi-
dent Bhikkhus, exactly the same number (as the
first ones), arrive ; in that case (the part of the
P&timokkha) that has been recited, has been cor-
rectly recited ; let those (who have arrived late),
hear the rest ; they who have recited it, are free
from guilt.
' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ; while
they are reciting the Patimokkha, other resident
Bhikkhus, a smaller number, arrive, &C.1
4. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ;
when they have just finished the recital of the Pati-
mokkha, other resident Bhikkhus, &c.2
1 The decision given for the case of a smaller number of Bhik- khus arriving late, is here, and invariably throughout the following exposition, identical with the decision of the case of the number of Bhikkhus being equal on the two sides.
2 The same three cases are distinguished here as in §§ 2, 3, accord- ing as the number of Bhikkhus who are late, is greater, the same, or smaller than that of the other Bhikkhus. The first case is decided by Buddha as above ; in the decision of the second and third cases, instead of ' let those (who have arrived late) hear the rest/ read : Met those (who have arrived late) proclaim their parisuddhi in the presence (of the other brethren)/
288 MAHAVAGGA. II, 28, 5.
5. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ;
when they have just finished the recital of the Pati-
mokkha, and the assembly has not yet risen, other
resident Bhikkhus, &C.1
6. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ;
when they have just finished the recital of the Pati-
mokkha, and a part of the assembly has risen, &C1
7. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ;
when they have just finished the recital of the Pati-
mokkha, and the whole assembly has risen, &C.1'
End of the fifteen cases in which there is no offence.
'In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble in a certain
residence on the day of Uposatha a number of resi-
dent Bhikkhus, four or more ; they know that there
are other resident Bhikkhus absent; intending to
act according to Dhamma and Vinaya, incomplete,
conscious of their incompleteness, they hold Upo-
satha and recite the Patimokkha, &c.2'
End of the fifteen cases of the incompletely
assembled Bhikkhus who are conscious
of their incompleteness.
1 The three triads of §§ 5, 6, 7 agree exactly with the triad of § 4.
2 Here follow fifteen cases which are arranged exactly as in chap. 28. Instead of 'they who have recited it, are free from guilt/ read: 'they who have recited it, have committed a dukka/a offence/
11,32. Uposatha Ceremony, and Patimokkha. 289
' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ; they
know that there are other resident Bhikkhus absent.
Feeling doubt as to whether they are competent to
hold Uposatha or not competent, they hold Upo-
satha and recite the Patimokkha, &C.1'
End of the fifteen cases of the Bhikkhus who feel doubt.
'In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ; they
know that there are other resident Bhikkhus absent.
(Thinking) : " We are competent to hold Uposatha,
we are not incompetent/' they abandon themselves
to misbehaviour, hold Uposatha, and recite the Pati-
mokkha, &C.1'
End of the fifteen cases of the Bhikkhus abandoning themselves to misbehaviour.
' In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble, &c. ; they
know that there are other resident Bhikkhus absent.
They perish and become ruined 2, saying, " What
are those people to us ?" and risking a schism
1 The decision of these fifteen cases is the same as in chap. 29.
2 I. e. they destroy their own welfare by their wickedness.
29O MAHAVAGGA. 11,33.
(among the fraternity), they hold Uposatha and recite the Patimokkha, &C.1'
End of the fifteen cases of the Bhikkhus risking a schism.
End of the seventy-five2 cases.
* In case, O Bhikkhus, there assemble in a certain
residence on the day of Uposatha a number of resi-
dent Bhikkhus, four or more ; they know that other
resident Bhikkhus are about to enter the boundary.
They know that other resident Bhikkhus have
entered within the boundary. They see other resi-
dent Bhikkhus who are about to enter, &c, who have
entered within the boundary. They hear that other
resident Bhikkhus are about to enter, &c, have
entered within the boundary/
Thus3 a hundred and seventy-five systems of triads are produced which refer to resident and resident
1 The decisions as in chap. 29; only read instead of 'dukka/a offence/ 'thulla££aya offence7 (grave sin).
2 Five times fifteen cases, in chaps. 28-32.
3 Remarks like this, which indicate the rules for supplying abbre- viated passages, do not belong, strictly speaking, to the text of the Vinaya itself, but form a posterior addition, as is shown also by grammatical peculiarities. In chaps. 28-32 we have seventy-five cases, or twenty-five triads ; all of these triads contain the words : ' They know that there are other resident Bhikkhus absent/ By successively varying these words six times, as is indicated in chap. 33, we obtain a hundred and seventy-five triads.
Ii, 34. 2. Uposatha Ceremony, and Patimokkha. 29 1
Bhikkhus1. (Then follow the same cases with re-
gard to) resident and incoming Bhikkhus, incoming
and resident Bhikkhus, incoming and incoming Bhik-
khus. By putting these words (successively) into
the peyyala2, seven hundred triads are produced.
1. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
count the day as the fourteenth (of the pakkha),
the incoming Bhikkhus as the fifteenth 3 ; if the
number of the resident Bhikkhus is greater, the
incoming Bhikkhus ought to accommodate them-
selves to the resident Bhikkhus. If their number
is equal, the incoming Bhikkhus ought to accommo-
date themselves to the resident Bhikkhus. If the
number of the incoming Bhikkhus is greater, the
resident Bhikkhus ought to accommodate themselves
to the incoming Bhikkhus.
2. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
count the day as the fifteenth, the incoming Bhik-
khus as the fourteenth ; if, &c. (§ i).
1 I. e. the assembled Bhikkhus as well as the incoming reside in the same avasa.
2 'Peyyala7 is identical in meaning and, we believe, etymolo- gically with 'pariyaya.' See Childers s. v. ; H. O.'s remarks in Kuhn's Zeitschrift fur vergleichende Sprachforschung, vol. xxv, 324; Trenckner, Pali Miscellany, p. 66.
3 Buddhaghosa: 'They who count the day as the fifteenth, arrive from a distant kingdom, or they have held the preceding Uposatha on the fourteenth/ It seems to follow from this remark of Buddhaghosa that after an Uposatha on the fourteenth invariably an Uposatha on the fifteenth must follow, i. e. the Uposatha may not be held on the fourteenth ad libitum, but only in the second pakkha of the short months. Compare chap. 4 and the note on chap. 1. 1.
292 MAHAVAGGA. II, 34, 3.
3. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
count the day as the first (of the pakkha), the in-
coming Bhikkhus as the fifteenth (of the preceding
pakkha) ; if the number of the resident Bhikkhus
is greater, the resident Bhikkhus need not, if they
do not like, admit the incoming ones to their com-
munion ; let the incoming Bhikkhus go outside the
boundary and hold (there) Uposatha. If their num-
ber is equal, &c. (as in the preceding case). If the
number of the incoming Bhikkhus is greater, let the
resident Bhikkhus either admit the incoming ones
to their communion or go outside the boundary.
4. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
count the day as the fifteenth, the incoming Bhik-
khus as the first (of the following pakkha); if the
number of the resident Bhikkhus is greater, let the
incoming Bhikkhus either admit the resident Bhik-
khus to their communion or go outside the boundary.
If their number is equal, &c. (as in the preceding
case). If the number of the incoming Bhikkhus is
greater, the incoming Bhikkhus need not, if they do
not like, admit the resident Bhikkhus to their com-
munion ; let the resident Bhikkhus go outside the
boundary and hold Uposatha (there).
5. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, the incoming Bhikkhus
see the signs, the tokens, the marks, the character-
istics of (the presence of) resident Bhikkhus, well
prepared beds and chairs and mats and pillows, food
and water well provided for, well swept cells ; seeing
this, they begin to doubt : " Are there here any
resident Bhikkhus or are there not?" —
6. * Being doubtful they do not search, having not
searched they hold Uposatha: this is a dukka/a
offence. Being doubtful they search, searching they
II, 34> io« UPOSATHA CEREMONY, AND PATIMOKKHA. 293
do not see them, not seeing them they hold Uposatha :
(in this case) they are free from offence. Being doubt-
ful they search, searching they see them, seeing them
they hold Uposatha together : (in this case) they are
free from offence. Being doubtful they search, search-
ing they see them, seeing them they hold Uposatha
apart: this is a dukka/a offence. Being doubtful
they search, searching they see them, seeing them
they perish and become ruined1, saying, "What are
those people to us ?" and risking a schism, they hold
Uposatha : this is a thulla^aya (grave) offence.
7. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, the incoming Bhikkhus
hear the signs &c. of (the presence of) resident
Bhikkhus, the sound of their footsteps when they
are walking, the sound of their rehearsal (of the
Dhamma), of their clearing the throat and sneezing;
hearing this they begin to doubt, &c. (§§ 5, 6).
8. * In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
see the signs &c. of (the presence of) incoming
Bhikkhus, unknown bowls, unknown robes, unknown
seats, (the traces of) foot-washing, water sprinkled
about ; seeing this they begin to doubt, &c.
9. * In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
hear the signs &c. of (the presence of) incoming
Bhikkhus, the sound of their footsteps when they
are arriving, the sound of their shaking out their
shoes, clearing the throat, and sneezing; hearing
this, &c.
10. * In case, O Bhikkhus, the incoming Bhikkhus
see resident Bhikkhus belonging to a different dis-
trict ; they take them as belonging to the same dis-
trict ; taking them as belonging to the same district
1 See chap. 32.
294 MAHAVAGGA. II, 34, n.
they do not ask; having not asked, they hold Upo-
satha together : (in this case) they are free from
offence. They ask ; having asked, they do not go
through the matter; having not gone through the
matter, they hold Uposatha together : this is a duk-
ka/a offence. They ask, &c. (as in the last case),
they hold Uposatha apart : (in this case) they are
free from offence.
11. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, the incoming Bhikkhus
see resident Bhikkhus belonging to the same district.
They take them as belonging to a different district ;
taking them, &c. they do not ask ; having not asked,
they hold Uposatha together: this is a dukka/a
offence. They ask ; having asked, they go through
the matter; having gone through the matter, they hold
Uposatha apart : this is a dukka/a offence. They
ask, &c. (as in the last case), they hold Uposatha
together : (in this case) they are free from offence.
12. ' In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
see incoming Bhikkhus belonging to a different dis-
trict, &c. (see §10).
13. 'In case, O Bhikkhus, the resident Bhikkhus
see incoming Bhikkhus belonging to the same dis-
trict, &c. (see § 11)/
1. ' You ought not, O Bhikkhus, to go on the day
of Uposatha from a residence in which Bhikkhus are,
to a residence in which no Bhikkhus are, except with
a Sa^gha1 or in a case of danger2. You ought not,