1 I. e. if he is not prevented by indisposition (Buddhaghosa).
2 See Chap. 6. 11, with the note.
I, 25, 16. ADMISSION TO THE ORDER OF BHIKKHUS. I 59
and lay them aside. Let him take away the mat and
the sheet1 and lay them aside. Let him take away
the mattress and the pillow and lay them aside*
1 6. ' Let him bask the carpet in the sunshine,
clean it, dust it by beating, take it back, and spread
it out as it was spread before. Let him put the
supporters of the bed in the sunshine, wipe them,
1 See VIII, 16, 3. 4.
2 The bedstead rested on movable supporters. See .ATullavagga
VI, 2, 5.
3 See ^Tullavagga VI, 20, 2.
4 See the Samanta Pasadika, ap. Minayeff, Pratimoksha, p. 87.
160 mahAvagga. i, 25, 17.
take them back, and put them in their place. Let
him put the bed in the sunshine, clean it, dust it
by beating, turn it down, take it back properly with-
out rubbing it (against the floor) and without knock-
ing it against door and doorpost, and put it in its
place. Let him put the chair in the sunshine, &C1
Let him put mattress and pillow in the sunshine,
clean them, dust them by beating, take them back,
and lay them out as they were laid out before. Let
him put the mat and sheet in the sunshine, &C.1
Let him put the spittoon in the sunshine, wipe it,
take it back, and put it in its place. Let him put
in the sunshine the board to recline on, &C.1
1 7. * Let him put away the alms-bowl and the robe.
When he puts them away (&c, as in § 1 1, down to :),
and hang up the robe so that the border is turned
away from him and the fold is turned towards him.
18. 'If dusty winds blow from the East, let him
shut the windows on the East. If dusty winds blow
from the West, let him shut the windows on the
West, &c.2 If it is cold weather, let him open the
windows by day and shut them at night. If it is hot
weather, let him shut the windows by day and open
them at night.
19. 'If the cell is dirty, let him sweep the cell.
If the store-room is dirty, let him sweep the store-
room. If the refectory, &c. If the fire room, &c.
If the privy is dirty, let him sweep the privy. If
there is no drinkable water, let him provide drinkable
water. If there is no food, let him provide food.
If there is no water in the waterpot for rinsing the
mouth with, let him pour water info the pot.
1 As in the preceding clause.
2 The same for North and South.
I, 25, 21, ADMISSION TO THE ORDER OF BHIKKHUS. l6l
20. ' If discontent has arisen within the upa^*-
^aya's heart, let the saddhivihcirika appease
him1, or cause him to be appeased (by another), or
compose him by religious conversation. If indecision
has arisen in the up &ggh ay a's mind, let the saddhi-
viharika dispel it, or cause it to be dispelled, or
compose him by religious conversation. If the
upa^Mya takes to a false doctrine, let the sad-
dhiviharika discuss it, or cause another to discuss
it, or compose (the upa^/^aya) by religious con-
versation.
21. 'If theupa^Mya is guilty of a grave offence,
and ought to be sentenced to parivasa discipline2,
let the saddhiviharika take care that the Sa^gha
sentence the upa^^aya to parivasa discipline.
If the upa^-^aya ought to be sentenced to recom-
mence his penal discipline, let the saddhiviharika
take care that the Sa^gha may order the upa^-
^^aya to recommence his penal discipline. If the
manatta discipline ought to be imposed on the
upa^Mya, let the saddhiviharika take care
that the Sawgha impose the manatta discipline
on the upa^Mya. If the upa^/fcaya is to be
rehabilitated (when his penal discipline has been
duly undergone), let the saddhiviharika take care
that the Sawgha rehabilitate the upa^/^aya.
1 Literally, make it (the discontentedness) clear. Buddhaghosa reads vfipakasetabbo vupakasapetabbo, which he explains thus : ' vupakasetabbo means, " Let (the saddhiviharika) lead him to another place;" vupakasapetabbo means, "Let him tell another Bhikkhu to take the Thera and go with him elsewhere/' '
2 The second and third books of the .ATullavagga contain a de- tailed explanation of parivasa and of the other technical terms contained in this paragraph.
l62 MAHAVAGGA. 1,25,22.
22. 'If the Sa/^gha wishes to proceed against
the upa^Mya by the ta/^aniyakamma1, or
the nissaya, or the pabba^aniyakamma, or the
pa/isara/nyakamma, or the ukkhepaniyakam-
ma, let the saddhiviharika do what he can in
order that the Sa^gha may not proceed against the
upa^'Mya or may mitigate the proceeding. Or if
the Sa^/gha has instituted a proceeding against
him, the ta^aniyakamma, &c, or the ukkhepaniya-
kamma, let the saddhiviharika do what he can
in order that the upa^Mya may behave himself
properly, live modestly, and aspire to get clear of
his penance, and that the Sa^gha may revoke its
sentence.
23. 'If the robe of the upa^/zaya must be
washed, let the saddhiviharika wash it or take
care that the upa^Mya's robe is washed. If a
robe must be made for the upa^Mya, let the
saddhiviharika make it or take care that the
upa^^aya's robe is made. If dye must be boiled
for the upa^Mya, &c. If the robe of the upa^*-
^aya must be dyed, &c. When he dyes the robe,
let him dye it properly and turn it whenever required,
and let him not go away before the dye has ceased
to drop.
24. ' Let him not give his alms-bowl to any one
without the permission of his upag^Mya. Let him
not accept an alms-bowl from any one else without
the permission of his upa^Mya. Let him not give
his robe to any one else, &c. Let him not accept
a robe from any one else ; let him not give articles
1 The discussion about the ta^aniyakamma and the other
disciplinary proceedings alluded to in this paragraph is given in
the first book of the ^ullavagga.
I, 26, 1. ADMISSION TO THE ORDER OF BHIKKHUS. 1 63
(required for a Bhikkhu) to any one else ; let him
not receive (such) articles from any one else ; let him
not shave the hair of any one else ; let him not have
his hair shaven by any one else ; let him not wait
upon any one else ; let him not have done service by
any one else ; let him not execute commissions for
any one else ; let him not have commissions executed
by any one else ; let him not go with any one else as
his attendant; let him not take any one else with
him as his attendant; let him not carry any one's
food received by him in alms (to the Vihdra); let
him not have the food received by himself in alms
carried by any one (to the Vihara) without the per-
mission of his upa^aya. Let him not enter the
village, or go to a cemetery, or go abroad on journeys
without the permission of his upa^Mya. If his
upa^Mya is sick, let him nurse him as long as his
life lasts, and wait until he has recovered/
End of the duties towards an upa^Mya.
1. * The upa^/^aya, O Bhikkhus, ought to ob-
serve a strict conduct towards his saddhiviharika.
And these are the rules for his conduct: Let the
upa^Mya, O Bhikkhus, afford (spiritual) help and
furtherance to the saddhiviharika by teaching, by
putting questions to him, by exhortation, by instruc-
tion. If the upa^^aya has an alms-bowl and the
saddhiviharika has not, let the upa^Mya give
the alms-bowl to the saddhiviharika or take care
1 64 MAHAVAGGA. I, 26, 2.
that the saddhiviharika gets an alms-bowl. If the
upa^^aya has a robe and the saddhiviharika
has not, let the upa^Mya give the robe, &c. If
the upa^Mya has the articles (required for a
Bhikkhu) and the saddhiviharika has not, &c.
2-6. ' If the saddhiviharika is sick, let (the
upa^^aya) arise betimes and give him the teeth-
cleanser and water to rinse his mouth with. Then let
him prepare a seat (for the saddhiviharika). If there
is rice-milk (&c, as in chap. 25. 8, 9, down to :), and
give it him with some water in it. When he expects :
" Now he must be about to return/' let him prepare
a seat, get water for the washing of his feet (&c,
as in chap. 25. 10-13 \ down to :). Let him offer to
the saddhiviharika water to drink.
7-10. 'If the Vihara in which the saddhiviha- rika dwells, is dirty (&c, as in chap. 25. 14-22).
11. 'If the robe of the saddhivih&rika must
be washed, let the upa^Mya tell the saddhi-
viharika: "Thus must you wash your robe," or
let him take care that the saddhiviharika's robe
is washed. If a robe must be made for the saddhi-
viharika, let the upa^Mya tell the saddhivi-
harika: "Thus must you make the robe," or let
him take care that the saddhiviharika's robe is
made. If dye must be boiled for the saddhivi-
harika, &c. If the robe of the saddhiviharika
must be dyed, let the upa^Mya tell, &c. When
he dyes the robe, let him dye it properly, and turn
it whenever required, and let him not go away before
the dye has ceased to drop. If the saddhiviharika
1 Instead of, ' Follow the upagg-Mya from behind' (chap. 25. 12), read here, ' Go (with the saddhiviharika)/
I, 27, I. ADMISSION TO THE ORDER OF BHIKKHUS. 165
is sick, let him nurse him as long as his life lasts, and wait until he has recovered/
End of the duties towards a saddhiviharika.
1. At that time the saddhiviharikas did not
observe a proper conduct towards their up ^ggh ay as.
The moderate Bhikkhus * were annoyed, murmured,
and became angry, saying, 'How can the saddhi-
viharikas not observe a proper conduct towards
their upa^Myas ?' These Bhikkhus told this
thing to the Blessed One.
(Then Buddha questioned the Bhikkhus) : * Is it
true, O Bhikkhus, that the saddhiviharikas do
not observe a proper conduct towards their upa^-
^ayas ?'
(They replied) : * It is true, Lord/
Then the blessed Buddha rebuked those Bhik-
khus : ' How can the saddhiviharikas, O Bhik-
khus, not observe a proper conduct towards their
upa^Myas ?' Having rebuked them and deli-
vered a religious discourse, he thus addressed the
Bhikkhus2: 'Let a saddhiviharika, O Bhikkhus,
not forbear to observe a proper conduct towards
1 We believe that the words ' The moderate Bhikkhus ' are in- tended here and throughout the whole work as an abbreviation of the fuller phrase, 'Those Bhikkhus who were moderate, frugal, modest, conscientious, anxious for training' (chap. 25. 3).
2 All this is an abbreviation of what has been given at full length in chap. 25. 4-6.
1 66 MAHAVAGGA. I, 27, 2.
his upa^Mya. He who does not observe it, is guilty of a dukka/a1 offence/
2. Notwithstanding this, they did not observe
a proper conduct. They told this thing to the
Blessed One.
'I ordain, O Bhikkhus, to turn away (a saddhi-
viharika) who does not observe a proper conduct.
And he ought, O Bhikkhus, to be turned away in
this way : (The upa^Mya is to say) : " I turn you
away," or, " Do not come back hither/' or, " Take
away your alms-bowl and robe," or, "I am not to
be attended by you any more/' Whether he ex-
press this by gesture, or by word, or by gesture
and word, the saddhiviharika has then been
turned away. If he does not express this by gesture,
nor by word, nor by gesture and word, the saddhi-
viharika has not been turned away.'
3. At that time saddhiviharikas who had been
turned away did not beg pardon (of their upa/^M-
yas). They told this thing to the Blessed One.
'I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that (a saddhivi-
harika who has been turned away) should beg
pardon (of his upa^Mya)/
They did not beg pardon notwithstanding. They told, &c.
fI prescribe, O Bhikkhus, that (a saddhiviha-
rika) who has been turned away shall not forbear
to beg pardon (of his upa^Mya). If he does not
beg pardon, it is a dukka/a offence/
1 Those slight offences which were not embodied in the Pati- mokkha are called dukka/a offences. They range, as to their gravity, with the pa^ittiya offences of the Patimokkha. For him who had committed a dukka/a offence, no further penance was required than a simple confession of his fault. See iTullavagga XL 1, 10.
I, 27, 7. ADMISSION TO THE ORDER OF BHIKKHUS. 167
4. At that time upa^Myas, when the saddhi-
vihirikas begged their pardon, would not forgive
them. They told, &c.
' I prescribe, O Bhikkhus, forgiving/
Notwithstanding this they did not forgive. The
saddhiviharikas went away, or returned to the
world, or went over to other schools. They told, &c.
* Let him who is asked for his pardon, not with-
hold it. He who does not forgive, is guilty of a
dukkaifa offence/
5. At that time upa^Myas turned away (a sad-
dhiviharika) who observed a proper conduct, and
did not turn away one who did not observe it. They
told, &c.
* Let no one, O Bhikkhus, who observes a proper
conduct, be turned away. He who turns him away
is guilty of a dukka/a offence. And let no one,
O Bhikkhus, who does not observe a proper conduct,
not be turned away. (An upa^Mya) who does
not turn him away is guilty of a dukka^a offence.
6. 'In five cases, O Bhikkhus, a saddhiviharika
ought to be turned away: when he does not feel
great affection for his upa^Mya, nor great incli-
nation (towards him), nor much shame, nor great
reverence, nor great devotion (towards the upa^-
£"Mya). In these five cases, O Bhikkhus, a sad-
dhiviharika ought to be turned away.
' In five cases, O Bhikkhus, a saddhiviharika
ought not to be turned away : when he feels great
affection for his upa^^/^aya, great inclination (to-
wards him), &c. In these five cases, O Bhikkhus,
a saddhiviharika ought not to be turned away.