The internal ducts and channels (Srotas) stuffed with aggravated Vdyu lead to the weakening (Laya) of the foetus and, if the state continues, it leads even to its death. Hence the case should be treated with mild anointing measures, etc., (Sneha-karma, etc.,) and gruels made of the flesh of the birds of the Utkros'a species and mixed with a sufficient quantity of clarified butter, should be given to her. As an alternative, Kulmasha * boiled with .Masha, sesamum and pieces of dried (tender) Vilva fruit should be given her, after which she should be made to drink, for a week, honey and Mdddhvika (a kind of weak wine). At the non-delivery of the child
* **Kulmdsha" may mean either Kulattha pulse or half boiled wheat, barley, etc.
236 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. X.
•even after the lapse of the full term of gestation, the
eaciente should be made to thrash corn with a pestle in
9,;n Udukhala or mortar (husking apparatus) or should he
il9,de -to sit or move (on legs or by conveyance), on an
juneven ground. 50.
Atrophy of a foetus in the womb should be ascribed
to the action of the deranged Vdyu. This is detected
by the comparatively lesser fulness of the abdomen
of the enciente and slow movement of the foetus in
tiie womb. In such a case, the enciente should be
treated with milk, with Jhe Vrimhaniya (of restorative
a.^d construQtive properties) drugs, and with meat-
soup.* 51.
A combination of ovum and semen affected by the
deranged Vayu in the womb, may not give rise to a
SjUccessful fecundation (living impregnated matter), but
leads to a distention of the abdomen (as in pregnancy),
which again, at any time, may disappear of itself. And
this is ascribed by the ignorant to the malignant
influence of Naigamesha (spirits). Such an impregnated
matter, sometimes lying concealed in the uterus, is
called Nagodara, which should be treated with the
remedies laid down under the head of Lina-Garbha
(weak foetus). 52.
Now we shall discourse on the management of
pregnancy according to the months (period) of gestation.
Metrical Texts:— The following receipes, such as,
(i) Madhuka (Yashtimadhu), S'dkavija, Payasyi, and
Devadiru ; (2) As'mantaka, black sesamum, pippali,
Manjishth^, Tcimra-valli and Satcivari ; (3) Vrikshddani,
Payasya, Latd. (Durvi), Utpala and Sdriv^ ; (4) Ananta,
Siriya, RdsnA, Padma, and Madhuka (Yashtimadhu) ;
* The panicle "chA" in the text signifies the use of any other consiructive tonic.
Chap. X.] SARIRA STHANAM. 237
(5) Vrihati, Kantakdri, Kas'mari, sprouts (Sunga) and
barks of milk-exuding trees (as, Vata, etc.), and clariiied
butteri* ; (6) Pris'ni-parni, Vald, Sigru, S'vadanshtra
and Madhuparnika ; and (7) S'ring'taka, Visa (stalks
of lotus), Draksha, Kasaru, Madhuka (Yashtimadhu),
and sugar ; should successively be given with milk* to
an enciente, from the first to the seventh month of her
gestation, in the case of a threatened miscarraige or
abortion. 53.
An enciente should be made to drink milk boiled
with the roots of Kapittha, Vrihati, Vilva, Patola,
Ikshu and Kantakari, (in case of impending or
threatened miscarraige) in the eighth month of her
pregnancy. In the ninth month (and under similai*
conditions), the potion should be made up of Madhuka
(Yashtimadhu), Ananta-mula, Payasha and Sariva. In
the tenth month (and under similar conditions), a potion
consisting of milk boiled with Sunthi and Payasyd
is beneficial, or, in the alternative, may be given a potion
made up of milk with Sunthi, Madhuka (Liquorice, and
Devadaru. The severe pain would vanish and the
fcetus would continue to develop safely in the womb,
under the aforesaid mode of treatment. 54-57'
A child born of a woman, who had remained sterile
(not-conceived) for a period of six years (Niviitta-
prasava)* after a previous child-birth, becomes a short-
lived one. 58.
* ChakradaUa reads "Visam" (stalks of lotus) instead of "Ghritara" (clarified butter).
t If a conception does not occur in a woman for a period of more than five years a''ter a child-birth, she is called Nivritta-prasaVSl.
* Sivadasa also says that powders of these drugs should be given with boiled milk, but he adds that some authorities recommend theaQ drugs to be boiled in milk according to Kshira-paka-vidhi.
238 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. X.
Application of mild emetic medicines, (though for- bidden in the case of a pregnant woman), may be resorted to, in the case of a fatal disease, (even in that stage). A diet consisting of sweet and acid things should be prescribed for her, so as to bring the deranged Doshas to the normal state ; mild Sams'amaniya (soothing and pacifying) medicines should be applied and food and drink consisting of articles mild in their potency, predominently sweet-tasting and not injurious to the foetus, should be advised and mild (external) measures not baneful to the foetus should be resorted to, according to the requirements of the case. 59.
IVIemorable Verses :— The growth, memory,
strength and intellect of a child are improved by the
use of the four following medicinal compounds, used as
linctus (Prds'a), viz., (i) well-powdered gold, Kushtha,
honey, clarified butter and Vacha ; (2) Matsyakshaka*
(Brdhmi), Sankha-puspi, powdered gold, clarified butter
and honey ; (3) Arkapuspi, honey, clarified butter
powdered gold and Vacha ; and (4) powdered gold,
Kaitaryyah (Maha-Nimba), white Durba,t clarified
butter and honey. 60.
Thus ends the tenth Chapter of the S'arira Sthanam in the Sus'rula Samhita, which treats of the nursing and management etc. of pregnant women.
* Some, however, explain Matsyakshaka to be Dkuslura; others again say it is a kind of red-flowered shrub grown in the Anupa country.
t The word "S'veta," in the Text, may either be adjective to "DurvgC" and mean "white" or it may mean white Vacha or white Aparajita or white Durv£t.
Here ends the ^arira Sthanam.
Susruta Samhita
CHIKITSA-STHANAM.
(Section of Therapeutics).
Now we shall discourse on the medical treatment of the two kinds of inflamed ulcers (Dvivraniya
Chikitsitam). i.
Ulcers may be grouped under two heads according
as they are Idiopathic or Traumatic in their oiigin.
The first group includes within its boundary all ulcers
that are caused through the vitiated condition of the
blood or the several deranged conditions of the Vayu,
Pitta and Kapha, or are due to their concerted
action (Sannipata), while the second group embraces
those which are caused by the bites of men, beasts,
birds, ferocious animals, reptiles or lizards, or by a
fall, pressure and blow, or by fire, alkali, poison, or
irritant drugs, or through injuries inflicted by pointed
wood, skeletal bones* horns, discus, arrows, axes,
tridents, or Kuntas (a kind of shovel\ or such other
weapons. Although both th3se classes of ulcers possess
many features in common, they have been grouped
under two distinct heads on account of the diversity of
their origin, the difference in remedial measures to be
adopted in their treatment, and the variation in their
* Fragments of broken pottery.^ — Dallana.
240 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. I,
Strength and tenacity. Hence the chapter is called Dvivraniya. 2.
In all cases of traumatic ulcers, cooling measures should be at once resorted to, just after (the fall or blow or stroke), for the cooling of the expanding (radia- ting) heat of the incidenta' ulcer, in the manner laid down in respect of (the pacification of enraged) Pitta, and a compound of honey and clarified butter should be applied on the wounded locality for the adhesion (Sandhdna) of the lacerated parts, [and for the pacifica- tion, i.e, restoration to normal state, of the local blood and Vdyu aggravated through an obstruction of their passage]. Hence arises the necessity of making the two-fold classification of ulcers. After that (a week) a traumatic ulcer should be treated as an idiopathic one (to all intents and purposes\ inasmuch as it is found to be associated with deranged Vayu, Pitta or Kapha Hence at that stage the medical treatment of both the forms of ulcer is (practically) the same. 3.
In short, ulcers are further subdivided (particularly)
into fifteen groups, according to the presence of the
morbific diathesis (deranged Vayu, Pitta Kapha
and blood therein), either severally or in combi-
nations as described (before) in the Chapter on Vrana-
Prasna (Sutra Sthanam. Ch. XXI). Several author-
ities, by adding the simple uncomplicated ulcers (un-
associated with any of the morbific principles of the
deranged Vayu, Pitta, &c.) to the list, hold the number
of types to be sixteen. (Practically they are in-
numerable, according to the combinations made of the
deranged Vdyu, etc. and the different Dhaitus of the
system). 4.
Symptoms of ulcer may be divided into two kinds viz.^ General and Specific. Pain is the general characteristic
Chap. I.] CHIKITSA STHANAM. 24t
(of all forms of ulcer), while the symptoms, which are
exhibited in each case according to the virtue of the
deranged Vdyu, Pitta, etc, involved therein, are called the
Specific ones. A Vrana is so named from its etymology
(the term being derived from the root Vrana — to break)
and signifies a cracked or broken condition ^of the skin
and flesh of the afflicted part) of the body. 5.
The Vataja- Ulcer :— The ulcer assumes a brown or vermilion colour and exudes a thin, slimy and cold secretion, largely attended with tension, throbbing and a sort of pricking and piercing pain (in its inside), which seems as if being expanded and extended. This type of ulcer does not extend much and is characterised by a complete destruction of the tissue (flesh). The Pittaja ulcer is rapid in its growth. It assumes a bluish yellow colour, exudes a hot secretion resembling the washings of Kims'uka flowers, and is attended with burning, suppuration and redness, being surrounded with eruptions of small yellow-coloured pustules. The Kaphaja ulcer is found to be extended and raised around its margin and is accompanied by an irresistible itching sensation. It is thick and compact (in its depth), covered with a large number of vessels and membranous tissues (Sira-sndyu-jala), grey in colour, slightly painful, hard and heavy, and exudes a thick, cold, white and slimy secretion. The Raktaja ulcer (resulting from a vitiated condition of the blood) looks like a lump of red coral. It is often found to be surrounded by black vesicles and pustules and to smell like a strong alkali. It becomes painful and produces a sensation, as if fumes were escaping out (of it). Bleeding (is present) and the specific symp- toms of the Pittaja type are likewise found to supervene. 6 — 9.
242 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. Chap. I.]
The Vata-Pittaja Type :— An ulcer due to
the concerted action of the deranged Vayu and Pitta
is marked by a pricking and burning pain and a red
or vermilion colour. A sensation of fumes arising out
of it (is also felt) and the ulcer exudes a secretion
which partakes of the characteristic colours of both the
deranged Vdyu and Pitta. An itching and piercing
pain is felt In the ulcer due to the combined action of
the deranged Vayu and Kapha (Kapha- Vattaja type),
which becomes heavy and indurated, constantly dis-
charging a cold, slimy secretion. An ulcer resulting
from the deranged condition of the Pitta and Kapha
(Kapha-Pittaja type) becomes heavy, hot and yellow.
It is marked by a burning sensatian and exudes a pale,
yellow-coloured secretion. An ulcer marked by the
aggravated condition of the deranged Vayu and blood
(VsLta-Raktaja type) is dry and thin and is largely
attended with a piercing pain and anaesthesia. It
exudes blood or a vermil-coloured secretion and is
marked by the combined hues respectively peculiar to
the deranged Vayu and blood. An ulcer due to the
combined action of the deranged Pitta and blood
(Kakta-Pittaja type) is marked by a colour which
resembles the surface cream of clarified butter. It
smells like the washing of fish, is soft, spreading (erysi-
pelatous), and secretes a hot blackish matter. An
ulcer due to the combined action of the deranged
Kapha and blood (Kapha-Raktaja type) is red-coloured,
heavy, slimy, glossy and indurated. It is usually
marked by itching and exudes a yellowish bloody
secretion. An ulcer due to the concerted action of the
deranged Vdyu, Pitta and blood (Va'ta-Pitta-Raktaja
type) is maiked by a sort of throbbing, pricking and
burning pain. It discharges a flow of thin yellowish
