class produces thirst, vomiting, fever, weakness, numbness 01 the muscles of the neck, swelling, abscess on the back, loss of the sense of smell and Visuchikd. A compound of Chavya, Haritaki, S'unthi, Vidanga, Pippali, S'vetaka-seeds and the ashes of (the plants of) Vrihati pounded together and mixed with honey should be prescribed in this case. — Gayadisa.
Chap. VI.] KALPA STHANAM. 73l
of nodular glands (Granthi) and fever. The remedy
consists in the use of a lambative made of Tri-phald^
S'vetd* (white Apardjitd) and Punarnavd pasted
together and licked with honey. A bite by a rat of
the Kokila species is attended with high fever, an in-
tolerable burning sensation in the body and the appear-
ance of nodular glands (Granthi). Clarified butter duly
cooked with the decoction of Varshdhhu and Nilini
(Indigo plants) should be administered in such a case. 3-D.
A bite by a rat of the Aruna (vermilion coloured) species is marked by an extremely aggravated condi- tion of the bodily Vdyu and the symptoms peculiar to it. A bite by a rat of the Mahs^-krishna (extremely black) species leads to an aggravated condition of the Pitta, while a bite by one of the Mahst-sVeta class ushers in an aggravation of the bodily Kapha. The blood of a person is vitiated by the bite of a rat of the Mahsi-kapila family, while the bite by one of the Kapota species leads to the d&rangement of all the four principles viz.^ the three Doshas (Vdyu, Pitta and Kapha) as well as of the blood. Their bites are accom- panied by a violent swelling of the affected locality, the appearance of nodular glands (Granthi) and such other erythematous and eczematous growths as Mandala, Karnikd and Pidakd (Pustules). 3-E.
Three Prastha measuresf each of clarified butter,
curd and milk should be duly cooked with the duly
prepared decoction of Karanja, Aragvadha^ Tri-katu^
* Some explains **S'vetd Punarnavd" to mean **white Punarnavd." Gayaddsa reads "S'reshthd" in place of "S'vetd" in which case also the white species of Punarnavd is evidently meant.
t According to Dallana, the recipe of this Ghrita is as follows :— One Prastha each of clarified butter, curd and milk, two Palas each of Karanja, etc., and sixteen seers of water to be boiled down to four seers, the drugs of the Kalka weighing one seer in all.
733 tHE SUSHRUTA SAMHItA. [Chap. VI
Vrihati, Ams'umati and Sthird (KdkoH), and with Trivrit, Tila, Am rM (GuldiVichdi), Chakra, Sarpa-gandhd, (black) earth* (of an ant-hill) and the barks of Kapittha and Dddima as Kalka. The whole should be duly cooked over a gentle fire. The Ghrita thus prepared would destroy the poison of the five kinds of rats viz.^ Aruna, etc. As an alternative, clarified butter duly cooked with the expressed juice of Kdkddani and Kdka-mdchi should be given to the patient in such cases. A wise physician shall have recourse to bleeding or venesection in these cases and the system of the patient should be cleansed by purgatives and emetics. 3.
General Treatment: -The general measures to be adopted in the case of a bite by a rat of what- soever class are as follows :— The seat of the bite should be first cauterized (with boiling clarified butter), and blood-letting should be resorted to (by opening the veins of the patient). The seat of the bite should then be marked with superficial incisions and a plaster of S'irisha, Rajani, Kushtha, Kumkuma and Amrita (Gula- ncha) should be applied. The patient should be made to vomit with the decoction of Jdlini or with that of S'ukdkhyd and Amkotha boiled together. The (powdered) roots of S'ukdkhya, Kos'dvati, Madana fruits and Deva- ddli {ruits should be administered with curd for the elimination by vomiting the (internal) poison (if any). The patient should be made to take (with curd) the compound consisting of Phala (Madana), Vacha, Deva- ddli and Kushtha pasted with the urine of a cow (as an emetic). This remedy neutralises the effects of the poison of all species of venomous rats. 4.-A.
A compound composed of Trivrit, Danti and Tri-
* In place of "^TT^T^T ^f f^^'' some reads "^^5ip=nf%?2:fwr", While Jejjata reads *'^^»p^7mf%^Tl'"
Chap. VI.] KALPA STHANAM. 753
phald should (if necessary) be employed as a purgative (in such a case). A compound prepared with the pith of S'irisha and the pulp of its fruits should be used (if necessary) as an errhine (S'iro-virechana). The watery secretion of fresh cow-dung mixed with a profuse quantity of (powdered) Tri-katu should be used as collyrium. The patient should be made to lick a compound prepared with the expressed juice of the fruits of Kapittha and with honey and the serous secretion of (fresh) cow-dung, or a lambative made of Rasdnjana, Haridrd, Indra-yava, Katuki and Ati-vishd with honey should be given to the patient in the morning. A potion of medicated clarified butter duly cooked with the roots of Tanduliyaka should be given to the patient for drink. As an alternative, clarified butter, duly cooked with the five parts {:uiz., roots, bark, fruits, leaves and flowers) of a Kapittha tree or with the roots of Ashphotd^ should be prescribed, 4.
The poison of a venomous Mushika (rat or mole)
even though (apparently) eliminated from the system
may sometimes still be aggravated in cloudy days or in
foul weather. In such a case, all the above measures as
well as the remedies laid down under the treatment of
DusM-visha should be resorted to. The round protrud-
ing edges (Karnikd) of an ulcer, incidental to a rat-bite,
whether benumbed or painful, should be excised (D.R. —
made to suppurate) and should be treated with purify-
ing or cleasing remedies according to the deranged
Dosha or Doshas involved in each case. 5-6.
Causes of Rabies:— The bodily Vdyu in
conjunction with the (aggravated) Kapha of a jackal,
dog, wolf, bear, tiger or of any other such ferocious
beast affects the sensory nerves of these animals
and overwhelms their instinct and consciousness. The
THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. VI.
tails, jaw-bones (D. R. — neck) and shoulders of such
infurated animals naturally droop down, attended with
a copious flow of saliva from their mouths. The beasts
in such a state of frenzy, blinded and deafened by rage,
roam about and bite each other. 7-A.
Symptoms of Hydrophobia :-The limb
or part of the body of a person bitten by such a rabid
and (consequently) poisonous animal loses its sensi-
bility of touch, and a copious flow of dark sooty blood
is emitted from the seat of the bite. The patient in
such a case generally exhibits all the symptoms which
mark a case of poisoning by a venomed arrow. 7-B.
Prognosis :— A person bitten by a rabid ani*
mal barks and howls like the animal by which he is
bitten, imitates it in many other ways and, bereft of
the specific functions and faculties of a human subject,
ultimately dies. If a person, bitten by a rabid animal,
sees its (imaginary) image reflected in water or in a
mirror, he should be deemed to have reached an unfavour-
able stage of the disease. 7-C.
Symptoms of Jala-tr^Csa :— If the patient
in such a case becomes exceedingly frightened at the
sight or mention of the very name of water, he
should be understood to have been afflicted with
Jala-trsisa (Hydrophobia) and be deemed to have been
doomed. Such a case of Jala-trdsa (water-scare) even in
an unbitten person or in a healthy person, if frightened
(by such a scare), whether waking or in sleep, should
be regarded as a fatal symptom. 7.
Treatment S— in the case of a bite by a rabid
animal, the seat of the biteWhould be profusely bled
(by pressing it) so as to let out all the (vitiated) blood.
It should then be cauterized with (boiling) clarified
butter and pasted with any of the aforesaid Agada,
Chap. VI.] KALPA STHANAM. 735
or the patient should be made to drink a potion of
matured clarified butter. Clarified butter mixed with the
milky exudation of an Arka plant, as well as a com-
pound of white Punarnavd^ and Dhuttura^ should be
prescribed for the patient as an errhine. 8- A,
Treatment of bites by rabid dogs :—
A compound of pasted sesamum mixed with its oil, treacle and the (milky) juice of a Rupikd plant eliminates the poison of a rabid dog (Alarka) from the system as a gale of wind drives a pack of clouds before it. A quan- tity of rice, two Tolas (one Karsha) in weight of the roots of S' ara-pumkha and half a Karsha weight of Dhuttura (roots) should be pasted together with the washings of rice. The paste should be covered with (seven) Dhus- tura leaves and baked (on the fire) in the shape of an Apupaka (cake). The cake thus prepared should be given, at the proper time of taking a medicine, to a person bitten by a rabid dog for a complete nullification of the poison. But the use of these cakes is attended with certain other troubles at the time of their digestion and these troubles become subdued by a retiring to in a dry but cool chamber away from water. The patient (after the subsidence of the troubles) should be bathed the next day and a diet of boiled S'dli or Shashtika rice with tepid milkj should be prescribed for him. On the third and on the fifth day, the aforesaid anti-venomous compound should again be administered in half doses to the patient for the elimination of the poison. 8-B.
* Some explain **S'vetd Punarnavd" to mean "white Punarnavd", but others explain it to mean "S'veti (Katabhi) and Punarnavd".
t Some commentators prescribe tie roots of Dhustura to be taken, while others hold that its fruits shcilfla be used.
% Dallana says that in place of "'^tt'^T* Gayaddsa reads "iTW'n^^^j tliat is to say, the diet should be taken with clarified butter.
736 THE SUSHRUTA SAMHITA. [Chap. VI.
The person in whom the poison (of a rabid dog or jackal, etc.) is spontaneously aggravated has no chance of recovery. Hence the poison should be artificially aggravated (and then remedied) before reaching that stage of aggravation. The patient should be bathed at the crossing of roads or on the bank of a river with pitcher- fuls of water containing gems and medicinal drugs and consecrated with the appropriate Mantra. Offerings of cooked and uncooked meat, cakes and levigated pastes of sesamum as well as garlands of flowers of variegated colours should be made to the god (and the following Mantra should be recited). *'0 thou Yaksha, lord of Alarka, who art also the lord of all dogs, speedily makest me free from the poison of the rabid dog that has bitten me." Strong purgatives and emetics should be ad- ministered to the patient after having bathed him in the above manner, since the poison in a patient with an un- cleansed organism may sometimes be aggravated, even after the healing of the incidental ulcer. 8.
The poison of a (rabid) dog, etc., lies in the teeth
and tends to aggravate the Pitta and the Vdyu and
hence the patient bitten by such animals is found to
imitate their cries and nature. A patient afflicted with
such poison cannot be saved even with the greatest care.
The seat of a scratch made by the nails or teeth of any
of those animals should be rubbed (and the poisoned
blood should be let out). It should then be sprinkled
over with tepid oil, since the poison in this case
aggravates only the Vdyu of the system. 9-10
This reading of Gayaddsa seems to be the better one, as the use of clarified butter in such cases is supported by the custom of our country. Thus ends the sixth Chapter of the Kalpa-sthdna in the Su'sruta Samhita which deals with the symptoms and treatments of rat-poison.
CHAPTER YII.
Now we shall discourse on the Chapter which treats of
the sounds of a (medicated) drum, etc., possessed of anti-
venomous virtues (Dundhubhi-Svaniya). i.
Ksharagada:— The woods of Dhava, As'va-
karna, Tinis'a^ Palds'a^ Pichu-marda^ Pdtali^ Pdribhad-
raka, Amra^ Udumhara^ Karahdtaka, Arjuna, Kakubha,
Sarja, Kapitana^ S'leshmdtaka^ Amkotha^ Amalaka,
Pragrahay Kutaja^ S'ami, Kapittha, As'vmantaka, Arka,
Chira-vilva, Mahd-vriksha, Arushkara^ Aralu^ Madhuka^
Madhu-s'igru, S'dka, Goji, Murvd, Tilvaka, Ikshuraka,
Gopa-ghantd and Arimedd* should be taken (in equal
parts) and burnt down to ashes. The said ashes
should be dissolved in the urine of a cow and filtered
(through a piece of linen) in the manner of preparing
an alkali. This alkaline solution should then be duly
boiled (till it would assume a transparent blood-red
hue and slimy character), and the powders of Pippali-
mula, Tanduliyaka^ Vardnga, Chochaka, Manjishthd^
Karanja, Hasti-Pippali, Maricha, Utpala, Sdrivd,
Vidanga^ Grihadhuma (soot of a room), Anantd, Soma,
Sarald^ Vdhlika, Guhd, Kos'dmra, white mustard seeds,
Varuna, Lavana, Plaksha, Nichula, Vardhamdna, Van-
jula, Putra-s'reni, Sapta-pama, Dandaka, Ela-vdluka,
Ndga-danti, Ativishd, Ahhayd, Bhadra-ddru Kushtha,
