1 3. Then a voice * said to him, * Purusha, do not
^ For a complete translation of this hymn, the Purusha-sC^kta, see J. Muir, Orig. Sanskrit Texts, vol. i, p. 9 seqq. Cp. also part iv, introduction, p. ziv.
* < A bodiless voice,' comm.; cf. XI, 4, a, 16 where likewise 'an invisible voice ' is introduced censuring the priest who bums the oblations. Perhaps, however, WUi may be intended from whom Pn^pati, in the beginning, produced .the waters ; cf. VI, i, i, 9.
Digitized by
XIII kUnDA, 6 ADHYAYA, 2 BRAhMAJ^TA, 1 6. 4II
consummate (these human victims^): if thou wert to
consummate them, man (purusha) would eat man/
Accordingly, as soon as fire had been carried round
them, he set them free, and offered oblations to
the same divinities*, and thereby gratified those
divinities, and, thus gratified, they gratified him
with all objects of desire.
14. He makes offering with ghee, for ghee is
fiery mettle: with fiery mettle he thus bestows
fiery mettle upon him.
15. He concludes with those of the set of eleven
(stakes), — the TrishAibh consists of eleven syllables,
and the Trish/ubh is the thunderbolt, and vigour :
with the thunderbolt, with vigour, the Sacrificer thus
repels evil from within.
16. The Udayantyi (concluding oblation) having
been completed, he seizes eleven barren cows, sacred
to Mitra-Varu»a, the Vi^ve Dev&A, and BWhaspati *,
with the view of winning these deities. And as
to those of Br/haspati being last, — Br/haspati truly
is the Brahman (n.), and thus he finally establishes
himself in the Brahman.
' Thus (i. e. do not go through vith this human sacrifice) the commentator, probably correctly, interprets ' sa^sth&paya ' (instead of * do not kill,' St. Petersb. Diet, though, practically, it would, of course, come to the same thing), — Purusha, etin purusha* paxftn mi samtish/ipa^, udannay&dikiny angdny eshkm mi kri\ht ityartha^ ; yadi samsthipayishyasi tata^ xeshabhakshinukire^ia loke «pi purusha^ purusham bhakshayishyati tzk Hyuktam ity abhipr&ya^. In the same way the verse ought accordingly to have been translated in III, 7, 2, 8.
* That is, he offers with the formulas ' To the Brahman, hail ! to the Kshatra, hail ! &c., running through the whole series of so-called divinities of the released victims.
' Viz. three for each of the first two deities, and five for BnTias* pati.
Digitized by
4 1 2 5Atapatha-brAhmajva.
17. And as to why there are eleven of them, —
the TrishAibh consists of eleven syllables, and the
Trish/ubh is the thunderbolt, and vigour: with
the thunderbolt, with vigour, the Sacrificer thus
repels evil from within. The Traidh4tav! is
the final offering (Udavas&nty^) : the mystic import
is the same (as before^).
18. Now as to the sacrificial fees. What there
is towards the middle of the kingdom other than
the land and the property of the BrShmana, but
including the men, of that the eastern quarter
belongs to the Hotrt, the southern to the Brahman,
the western to the Adhvaryu, and the northern
to the Vdgktri; and the HotWkas share this along
with them.
19. And if a Br&hmaiia performs the sacrifice, he
should bestow all his property in order to obtain
and secure everything, for the Brdhmaifa is every-
thing, and all one's property is everything, and the
Purushamedha is everything.
20. And having taken up the two fires within
his own self", and worshipped the sun with the
Uttara.N&rftya«a (litany, viz. Vfif. S. XXXI, 17-
22), let him betake himself to the forest without
looking round; and that (place), indeed, is apart
from men. But should he wish to live in the
village, let him take up again the two fires in the
churning-sticks, and having worshipped the sun with
the Uttara-N&riya«a (litany) let him dwell at his
home, and let him offer such sacrifices as he may
* Viz. as set forth V, 5, 5, 6 seqq.
' Viz. by thrice inhaling the heat (or smoke) emitted by the fires. Cf. Mdnava-Dh. VI, 38 ; Baudh&yana-Dharmas. II, 17, 26.
Digitized by
XIII kAjvda, 6 adhyAya, 2 brAhmajva, 20. 413
be able to afford. But, indeed, this (sacrifice) is not
to be imparted to any and every one, lest one should
impart everything to any and every one, for the
Purushamedha is everything; but one may only
impart it to one who is known to him, and who
is versed in sacred writ, and who may be dear to
him, but not to any and every one.
The (Stmbolical) Victims of the Puri^shamedha '.
I. f . To the priesthood (he consecrates) a BrShma/ra — 2. To the nobilitj a Kshatriya — 3. To the Manits a Vaijya — 4. To penance (hardship, tapas) a SMtb, — 5. To darkness a thief — 6. To hell a man-slayer — 7. To evil a eunuch — 8. To barter an unchaste woman (ayobhO *)— 9. To desire a harlot (pvLmsihAtL) — 10. To the shriek (atikrush/a) a minstrel (migadha) — 11. To dancing a herald (bard, siita) — 1 2. To singing an actor (jaililteha)-^ 13. To the law a counsellor (sabhi^ara) — 14. To joking a timorous man—15. To fun (narma) a chatterer — 16. To laughter (hasa)an artizan (kdri, ? singer of praises) — 17. To pleasure (ftnanda) a woman's friend — 18. To enjoyment a maiden's son — 19. To skill a wheelwright — 20. To perseverance a carpenter — 21. To heat (tapas) a potter — 22. To craft a mechanic — 23. To handsome form a jeweller — 24. To beauty a barber •—25, To the arrow-shot an arrow-maker — 26. To the weapon a bow-maker — 27. To work a bowstring-maker — 28. To fate a rope-maker — 29. To death a huntsman — 30. To the end (antaka) a dog-keeper — 31. To rivers a fisherman (pau^shMa)— 32. To the ogress (of waste lands) a
* Comp. Prof. Weber's German translation (Zeitschr. D. M. G., XVIII, p. 262 seqq. ; Indische Streifen, I, p. 76 seqq.), where the variants from the Taitt. Br. and the explanations of the commentaries are given. Not a few of the terms used (some of which are, indeed, explained in a different way by the commentators) are, however, still of doubtful meaning. Y§ig. S. XXX, 5-22.
* ? The patronymic, or matronymic, of this, ' dyobhava ' is said to be the son of a .S^dra from a Vaijya woman.
' Or, as Mahfdhara takes 'subhe \-apam,' to well-being the seed- sower — einen S&mann dem Gedeihen, Weber.
Digitized by
4 1 4 DATAPATH A-BRAhMAJVA.
Nish&da' — 33. To the man-tiger (? werwolf) a mono-inaiiiac — 34. To the Gandharvas and Apsaras a roving outcast (vrSiya) — 35« To the teams (? prayu^) a madman — 36. To serpents and demons a blockhead (? apratipad) — 37. To dice a gambler — 38. To impassibility' a non-gambler — 39. To the devils (pLrSias) a female cane-worker (basket-maker) — 40. To the hobgoblins (y&tu- dh&na) a female worker in thorns — 41. To intercourse a gallant — 42. To the house a paramour — 43. To trouble an unmarried elder brother whose younger brother is married — 44. To calamity a younger brother married before his elder brother — 45. To failure • the husband of a younger sister whose elder sister is unmarried — 46. To reparation an artiste in embroidery — 47. To agreement a female practiser of love-spells — 48. To garrulity (prakimodya) an attendant.
IL I. To colour a devoted adherent — a. To strength a giver of gifts^3. To excrescences* a hunchback — 4. To merriment a a dwarf — 5. To the doors a lame one '—6, To sleep a blind one — 7. To injustice a deaf one — 8. To the means of purification (? purging) a physician — 9. To knowledge a star-gazer — 10. To desire of learning one who asks questions — 11. To the desire of adding to one's knowledge one given to ask questions about (everything).
III. I. To the bounds (of land or propriety) an arbitrator — 2. To ruins an elephant-keeper — 3. To speed a groom — 4. To thrift a cowherd — 5. To vigour a shepherd— 6. To fiery mettle a goatherd— 7. To refreshment (? food) a cultivator of the soil — 8. To the sweet beverage (? nectar) the distiller of liquor — 9. To happiness the guardian of a house — 10. To prosperity a possessor of wealth — 11. To superintendence an assistant doorkeeper*.
IV. I. To the light a gatherer of fire-wood — 2. To brilliance
" One of the wild aboriginal tribesmen.
" ? Iryata, lit. the state of one requiring to be roused*
• ? ' envy ' St. Petersb. Diet, (ardddhi).
• The meaning of * utsdda' is doubtful ; it might be * removal/ only the etymological meaning of *ut-sad' having probably suggested |he combination.
• Mahtdhara takes *sHima' in the sense of one aflfected with ophthalmia (cfc srdva): in both senses the association of ideas is inlelUgible, though apparendy (as in other cases) of a jocular nature.
• Or, the assistant of a charioteer, according to Mah, and Sdy.
Digitized by
XIII KksDA, 6 ADHYAyA, 2 BRAhMAJVA, 20, 415
a fire-kindler — 3. To the sun's sphere a sprinkler (anointer of a king) — 4. To the highest heaven a distributer (of portions) — 5, To the world of the gods a carver (of portions) — 6. To the world of men a scatterer (? seasoner *) — 7. To all the worlds a pourer out (of drink *) — 8. To decay and murder a chumer ' — 9. To the (animal) sacri- fice (or, sacrificial essence) a washer- woman — 10, To concu-* piscence a female dyer — if. To quarrelling one of a thievish disposition.
V. I, To manslaughter an informer — 2. To discriminadon a doorkeeper — 3. To oversight an assistant doorkeeper* — 4. To strength (cf. II, 2) an attendant — 5. To plenty a servant — 6. To the pleasant one speaking pleasantly — 7. To security one mounted on a horse — 8. To heaven (svarga loka) a dealer out of portions (cf. IV, 5) — 9. To the highest heaven a distributer (of portions ; cf. IV, 4)— 10. To wrath one who makes iron red-hot — 1 1. To anger an absconder (? a yielder, coward).
VI. 1. To application a yoker — 2. To grief one ready to attack — 3. To peaceful dwelling an unyoker — 4. To up-hills and down-hills one standing on three legs (of firm character) — 5. To bodily form a haughty one (?)— 6. To virtue a woman who prepares unguents — 7. To calamity (cf. 1, 44) a woman who makes scabbards — 8. To Yama (the god of death) a tarren woman — 9. To Yama ' one who bears twins — 10, To Atharvan one who has miscarried — 1 1. To the samvatsara (the first year of the five years' cycle) one in her courses.
VII. I. To the parivatsara (the second year) one who has not yet borne children — 2. To the iddvatsara (the third year) one who transgresses (the matrimonial bonds)— 3. To the idvatsara (the fourth year) one who oversteps (the bounds of propriety) — 4. To the vatsara (the fifth year) one who is worn out — 5. To the year a gray-haired one — 6. To the J^ibhus a furrier — 7. To the Sddhyas a tanner — 8. To the lakes a fisherman (dhaivara) — 9. To stagnant (waters) a boatsman — xo. To pools a Bainda* — ii. To reed* marshes one living on dried meat (or fish).
* Mahtdhara takes 'prakaritri' in the sense of *viksheptri'; SSy. in that of * sower of discord.'
* ? SSy. makes *upasektrt ' a composer of feuds (!). ' ? * a stirrer up of discord,' Sdy,
* Thus alsoMahldha|,ra; charioteer, SSy.; cf. Ill, ii. » Yamf, Taitt. Br.
* According to Mahidhara, a wild tribesman (inhabitant of the jungle) ; *one living by the net,' S4y.
Digitized by
4l6 DATAPATH A-BRAhMAJVTA.
. VIII. I. Tb the opposite bank a ' m4rg^ ' ' — a. To the near bank a fisherman (kevarta) — ^ To shallows an Anda* — 4. To uneven (? deep) places a fisher (main&la) — 5. To sounds (svana) a Par»aka ' — 6. To caverns a Kirita (woodman) — 7. To mountain- ridges a Gambhaka^ — 8. To the mountains a Kimpurusha' — ^9. To loathing a Paulkasa' — 10. To colour a worker in gold (cf. I, 23)^ II. To the balance (pair of scales) a merchant.
IX. I. To the latter part of the evening one exhausted — 2. To all beings (spirits) a leper (sidhmala)— 3. To good fortune a wakefid one — 4. To ill-fortune a sleepy one — 5. To trouble (cf.
