9. 2. M. and the MSS. of the commentary read >Kravasa^ instead of /Jiravisa^, ' clad with a garment of bark or grass/ and Govinda explains the var. lect. by ' dressed in old clothes.'
3. This rule refers to the case only where the performer of the vow is unable to bear the prolonged fasting.
4. A sthaWila is the raised mound, four fingers high, which is used as the altar for the Gr*hya ceremonies. Regarding the term, ' a bull's hide,' see Vishmi XCII, a. The marks (lakshana) are the lines which must be drawn on the altar ; see e. g. Amlayana Grihya-sutra I, 3, i.
308 BAUDHAYANA. Ill, 9.
Svaha, to Soma Svaha, to all the gods Svaha, to
Svaya/wbhu, to the /fr/'as, to the Ya^us, to the Sa-
mans, to the Atharvans, to faith, to right knowledge,
to wisdom, to fortune, to modesty, to Savitrz, to the
Savitri (verse), to Sadasaspati, and to Anumati.
5. Having offered (these oblations), he must
begin with the beginning of the Veda and continu-
ously recite (it).
6. Let him not interrupt (the recitation) by talking, nor by stopping.
7. Now if he converses in between or stops, let
him thrice suppress his breath, and begin just
there where he left off.
8. If he has forgotten (a passage), he shall recite
for as long a time as he does not recollect it, what
(he may know, TvYk-verses) for AVk-verses, (Ya^us-
formulas) for Yat^us-formulas, (Samans) for Samans.
9. He may (also) recite the Brahmawa of that
(forgotten passage) or (the passage from the Anu-
krama;/! regarding) its metre and its deities.
10. Let him recite the Sawhita of (his) Veda
twelve (times). He thereby removes (faults com-
mitted by) studying on forbidden (days, by) anger-
ing his teacher, (and through) improper acts. His
(knowledge of the) Veda is sanctified, is purified.
11. (If he reads) more than that, a cumulation (of rewards will be the result).
12. If he recites the Samhita of the Veda another
twelve (times), he gains thereby the world of
U.yanas.
13. If he recites the Sa;;zhita of the Veda another
6. 'By talking, i.e. by uttering words not connected with the Veda.' — Govinda.
IIT>9- ANASNATPARAVAA'A.
twelve (times), he gains thereby the world of IW- haspati.
14. If he recites the Sawhiti of the Veda another twelve (times), he gains thereby the world of Pra-
15. If, fasting, he recites the Sawhitd one thou-
sand (times), he becomes one with Brahman, re-
splendent like Brahman (and) Brahman (itself).
16. If he subsists during a year on food obtained
by begging, he gains (the power of) supernatural
vision.
17. If during six months he subsists on barley-
gruel, during four months on water and barley-flour,
during two months on fruit, (and) during one month
on water, or performs KriMfaa. penances of twelve
days, he (obtains the power of) suddenly disap-
pearing, and sanctifies seven descendants, seven
ancestors, and himself as the fifteenth, and (any)
company (of Brahmawas) which he may enter.
1 8. They call that the ladder of the gods.
19. By means of that the gods reached their divine station and the sages the position of ^/shis.
20. The periods for beginning this sacrifice, for-
sooth, are three, the time of the morning libation,
the time of the midday libation, and the last part of
the night, (the Muhurta) sacred to Brahman.
21. Pra^cipati, forsooth, proclaimed this (rite) to
the seven /tYshis, the seven Az'shis to Maha^a^wu,
and Mahac£i\£v7u to the Brdhmawas.
18. Govinda explains niArrewim, 'the ladder,' by niforeyasa- hetum, ' a cause of supreme bliss.'
21. The name of the .tf/'shi who proclaimed it to the BrShmans is not certain. The Dekhan MSS. read Maha^agru and Maha- £-agnu, M. Maha^-ag-nu, the I. O. copy of the commentary Mahd- ya^iu and Maha^a^nu, and the Telugu copy
3IO BAUDHAYANA. Ill, 10.
PRASNA III, ADHYAYA 10.
1. The law of castes and of orders has been declared.
2. Now, indeed, man (in) this (world is polluted)
by a vile action or acts wrongly, (e. g.) sacrifices for
men unworthy to offer a sacrifice, accepts presents
from those whose gifts ought not to be accepted,
eats the food of those whose food ought not to be
eaten, (and) practises what is forbidden.
3. They are in doubt if he shall perform a.penance for such (a deed) or if he shall not do it.
4. (They declare that he shall not do it) because the deed does not perish.
5. (The correct opinion is) that he shall perform (a penance).
6. It is declared in the Veda, ' Let him offer a
Punastoma ; (those who offer it, may) again come to
(partake of) the libations of Soma/
7. ' He who offers a horse-sacrifice conquers all sin, he effaces the guilt of the murder of a Brahmawa.'
10. i. As stated formerly, Sacred Books of the East, vol. ii, p. li, this chapter is borrowed from Gautama XIX. I have therefore adopted the same division of the Sfttras as in the translation of the latter work.
a. I read, with the MSS. of the commentary, atha khalvayara purusho yapyena karmawa* mithyd va^araty aya^ya/tt va yagayaty apratigrihyasya va pratigr/rmity an&jyannasya vannam ajnaty a£a- ra«ryena vatarati. M. reads ya^-ayitva, and the Dekhan MSS. ya^ayitva and pratignhya.
5. The Dekhan MSS. read kuryad ity eva, M. kuryad eva, and Govinda kuryat tv eva.
6. All the MSS. of the text omit the word vi^Ttayate, 'it is declared in the Veda,' which is given by Govinda.
7. All the MSS. of the text give at the beginning of this Sfitra
in, 10. PENANCES. 3 1 1
8. Moreover, ' He who is being accused (of a heinous crime) shall perform an Agnish/ut sacrifice.'
9. Reciting the Veda, austerity, a sacrifice, fast-
ing, giving gifts are the means for expiating such
(a blamable act).
10. The purificatory (texts are), the Upanishads,
the initial (verses) of the Vedas, the ends of the
Vedas (vedantas), the Sawhitas of all the Vedas,
(the Anuvakas called) Madhu, (the hymn of) Agha-
marshawa, the Atharva^iras, (the Anuvakas called
the) Rudras, the Purusha hymn, the two Simans
(called) Rafina and Rauhi#eya, the Brzhat (Saman)
and the Rathantara, the Purushagati (Saman), the
Mahanamnis, the Mahavairi^a (S4man), the Maha-
divdklrtya (Saman), any of the Gyesh//6a Samans, the
Bahishpavamana Saman, the Kushma;wfts, the Pava-
manfs, and the Savitri.
11. To live on milk alone, as if one were fasting,
to eat vegetables only, to eat fruit only, (to live on)
gruel prepared of a handful of barley-grains, to eat
gold, to eat clarified butter (are the modes of subsist-
ence) which purify.
12. All mountains, all rivers, holy lakes, bathing-
places, the dwellings of fitshis, cowpens, (holy) plains
and temples of the gods (are) places (which destroy
sin).
athSpy udaharanti, ' now they quote also,' which Govinda omits, and which is inappropriate, because the following passages are taken from the Veda.
10. The word vedadayaA, which occurs also in some MSS. of VasishMa (XXII, 9), must be explained, according to the analogy of karmSdi, 'the beginning of the sacrifices' (SSya»a on Taitt AT. Hi 7> 5). b7 ' the initial verses of the Vedas-' Tne Pavamints are added on the authority of Govinda alone.
12. 'Kshetra, (holy) plain?, e.g. the Kurukshetra.'— Govinda.
312 BAUDHAYANA. JII, IO.
13. Abstention from injuring living beings, truth-
fulness, abstention from theft (or unrighteously ap-
propriating anything), bathing in the morning, at
noon, and in the evening, obedience towards Gurus,
continence, sleeping on the ground, dressing in one
garment only, and abstaining from food (are the
various kinds of) austerity.
14. Gold, a cow, a dress, a horse, land, sesamum, clarified butter, and food (are) the gifts.
15. A year, six months, four (months), three
(months), two (months), one (month), twenty-four
days, twelve days, six days, three days, a day and a
night, (and) one day are the periods (for penances).
1 6. These (acts) may be optionally performed if no (particular penance) has been prescribed,
1 7. (Viz.) for great crimes difficult (penances) and for trivial faults easy ones.
1 8. The Y*rikkkt9. and the Atikr*<£££ra, as well as the -/Tandraya/za, are penances for all (offences).
PRASNA IV, ADHYAYA 1.
1. We will separately explain the various pena^^s for the several offences, both heavier and lighter ones.
2. Let him prescribe whatever may be befitting
for each (case), — heavier (penances) for great (crimes)
and easier ones for trivial (faults).
3. Let him perform the penances according to
the rule given in the Institutes (of the Sacred Law in
cases) where an offence has been committed with
the organ or with the feet (and) the arms, through
3. The construction is certainly elliptical. I understand tatra with the first half-verse. Govinda separates the two half-verses, yad upasthakntam papawr, &c., from the first, and reads at the end
IV, I. PENANCES.
thoughts or speech, through the ear, the skin, the nose or the eye.
4. Or, in (the case of) transgressions committed
through the organ of vision, of hearing, of sensation,
of smelling, and through thoughts, he also becomes
pure by three suppressions of the breath.
5. In case (he commits the offences) of eating the
food of a Lucira or of cohabiting with a 6*udra female,
severally, he must perform, during seven days, seven
suppressions of the breath on each day.
6. For partaking of food unfit for eating or
drinking, and for selling forbidden merchandise, ex-
cepting honey, meat, clarified butter, oil, pungent
condiments and bad food, and for similar (offences),
he must perform, during twelve days, twelve sup-
pressions of the breath on each day.
7. For other transgressions excepting mortal sins
(pataka), crimes causing loss of caste (patanlya), and
the minor faults (called upapataka), he must perform,
during half a month, twelve suppressions of the
breath on each day.
8. For other transgressions^excepting mortal sins
of the half-verse prawiyaman samiU-aret, ' one should perform sup- pressions of the breath (in even or equal numbers).'
5. Govinda tries to reconcile this rule with the one given above, I, i, 2, 7, by assuming that the word .S'udra denotes here a Brah- mawa who lives like a .Sudra and neglects his sacred duties.
6. I read, conjecturally, dvadajaham, ' twelve days.' The MSS. of the text have dvadara dvadajaham, or corruptions pointing to this reading, and C. I. reads ardhamasam. Regarding avaranna, ' bad food,' see note on Apastamba II, 6, ijj, 16.
7. I read, conjecturally, ardhamflsaw, 'half a month;' D. has ardhamasan ; K. dvadajahaw ; M. dvada-nlrdhamSsam ; C. I. dvado- jardhamasan, which is explained by shawmusan.
8. I read with M. dvftdara dvadajahan. D. K. have dvadsuaham. The commentary omits the SOtra altogether.
314 Baudhayana. Iv, U
and crimes causing loss of caste, he must perform,
during twelve periods of twelve days, twelve sup-
pressions of the breath on each day.
9. For other transgressions excepting mortal sins
he must perform, during twelve half-months, twelve
suppressions of the breath on each day.
10. But for mortal sins he must perform, during a year, twelve suppressions of the breath on each day.
11. Let him give his daughter, while she still
goes naked, to a man who has not broken the vow
of chastity and who possesses good qualities, or even
to one destitute of good qualities ; let him not keep
(the maiden) in (his house) after she has reached the
age of puberty.
12. He who does not give away a marriageable
daughter during three years doubtlessly contracts
a guilt equal to (that of) destroying an embryo.
13. Such will be the case if anybody asks her in
marriage, and also if nobody demands her. Manu
has declared that at each appearance of the menses
(the father incurs the guilt of) a mortal sin.
14. Three years let a marriageable damsei *"iit
for the order of her father. But after (that) time let
her choose for herself in the fourth year a husband
(of) equal (rank). If no man (of) equal (rank) be found,
she may take even one destitute of good qualities.
15. If a damsel has been abducted by force, and
has not been wedded with sacred texts, she may
lawfully be given to another man ; she is even like
a maiden.
9. I read with D., K., and M., dvada^irdhamasan. The com- mentary omits also this Sfitra.
ii. Vasish/^a XVII, 67-71, and above. 15. VasishMa XVII, 73.
, I. PENANCES.
1 6. If, after (a damsel) has been given away, or
even after (the nuptial sacrifices) have been offered,
the husband dies, she who (thus) has left (her father's
house) and has returned, may be again wedded
according to the rule applicable to second weddings,
provided the marriage had not been consummated.
17. He who does not approach, during three
years, a wife who is marriageable, incurs, without
doubt, a guilt equal to that of destroying an
embryo.
1 8. But the ancestors of that man who does not
approach his wife who bathed after her temporary
uncleanness, though he dwells near her, lie during
that month in the menstrual excretions (of the
wife).
19. They declare that the guilt of the husband
who does not approach his wife in due season, of
him who approaches her during her temporary un-
cleanness, and of him who commits an unnatural
crime (with her), is equally (great).
20. Let him proclaim in the village a wife who,
being obdurate against her husband, makes herself
sterile, as one who destroys embryos, and drive her
from his house.
21. But for the transgression of that husband
who does npt approach a wife who bathed after
temporary uncleanness, (the performance of) one
hundred suppressions of the breath is prescribed
(as a penance).
