purity of one's soul, and purity of soul gives strength of memory, and thereby makes one fit to study the Veda.
13. i-2. See also above, I, 5, 10, 4. This Adhyiya and the next ought to have been given in the Srauta Sutra.
3. Rig-vedaVII, 56, 12; Taittiriya-brahmana II, 8, 5,5. The meaning of the last portion of the verse is somewhat doubtful. Sayana gives two different explanations and Govinda a third.
4. Govinda points out that the dresses of the sacrificer and of his priests must be white, because farther on (Sutras 9-10) other colours are specially prescribed.
5. Govinda thinks that the word fa, ' as well as,' is intended to include the lookers-on.
1)6,13- Dresses At Sacrifices. 187
6. (It shall be) thus from the (beginning of the) Prakrama,
7. And thus at the long Soma-sacrifices and the Sattras ;
8. And (on other occasions other dresses must
be used) in accordance with the injunction (of the
Veda),
9. Thus at (all) Ish/is, animal sacrifices, and
Soma-sacrifices which may be used as spells (against
enemies), the priests shall perform (the sacred
rites), wearing red turbans and red dresses ; (when
reciting the hymn seen by) VWshikapi (he shall)
wear a dress and a mantle of many colours and
so forth.
10. At the Agnyidhina (sacrifice) the clothes
(shall be made) of flax ; on failure of such, (dresses)
made of cotton or of wool are used.
11. Clothes defiled by urine, ordure, blood, semen
and the like (shall be) cleaned with earth, water
and the like.
12. (Dresses) made of TWpa-bark and vrzkala (shall be treated) like cotton-cloth,
6. Regarding the ceremony called Prakrama, literally ' stepping forward from the Garhapatya fire,' see Saya/ia on Taitt. Br. I, i, 4, i. It opens the AgnyadhSna rite.
9. Govinda states that the words iti £a, 'and so forth,' are in- tended to include other incantations. The Vr/shakapi hymn is found Rig-veda X, 86.
11. Govinda states that the word iti, 'and the like,' is intended to include cowdung, cow's urine, and other substances used for purification.
12. Govinda states that there is a tree called TV/pa, the bark of which is used for dresses. Vrz"kala, which has been left untrans- lated, is explained by jakama, a word which is not found in our dictionaries.
1 88 BAUDHAYANA. I, 6, 13.
1 3. Deer-skins like (dresses) made of bark.
14. (Let him) not (use) a mantle which has been
wrapped (round the loins, or) on which he has been
lying (in his bed), without washing it.
15. Let him not employ for the gods anything used by men without beating it on a stone.
1 6. If solid earth is defiled, (it must be) smeared with cowdung.
1 7. Loose (earth must be cleansed by) ploughing,
1 8. Moist (earth) by bringing pure (earth) and covering (it with that).
19. Land is purified in four (ways), by being trod
on by cows, by digging, by lighting a fire on it, by
rain falling on it,
20. Fifthly by smearing it with cowdung, and sixthly through (the lapse of) time.
21. Grass placed on unconsecrated ground (must be) washed.
22. (Grass) defiled out of one's sight, (shall be) sprinkled (with water).
23. Small pieces of sacred fuel (shall be purified) in the same manner.
24. Large pieces of wood (must be) washed and dried.
13. Govinda says that, as the treatment of valkala, ' bark-dresses,' has not been prescribed, the meaning of the Sutra can only be, that bark-dresses and black-buck skins are to be treated alike, i. e. that they are to be cleaned with Bel-nut and rice ; see above.
15. Govinda explains apalpulitam by 'without beating it with the hand on a stone.' He mentions as an instance the skin which is used in preparing the Soma.
1 6. According to Govinda, solid earth is such on which the fire- altars are built.
21. E. g. grass intended for the barhis, if it has been placed on a spot which has not been sprinkled with water.
22. 'Defiled out of one's sight,' i.e. brought by Sudras.
1,6,13. Purification At Sacrifices. 189
25. But a great quantity (of wood shall be) sprinkled (with water).
26. Wooden vessels which have been touched by impure men (shall be) scraped ;
27. (And) those which are defiled by stains of remnants (shall be) planed.
28. (Wooden vessels) defiled by urine, ordure,
blood, semen, and the like (very impure substances
shall be) thrown away.
29. These (rules must be followed) except in case a (special) injunction (is given) ;
30. Thus, for instance, (purification by) washing
with Kara grass and water (is prescribed) on all the
following (occasions, viz.) at the Agnihotra, the
Gharmo/£/£//ish/a, the Dadhigharma, the Ku;^apa-
yinam Ayana, the Utsargiwam Ayana, the Daksha-
ya#a sacrifice, the Ardhodaya, the A'atu^akra, and
the Brahmaudanas,
31. (Again) at all Soma-sacrifices (the cups must
be) cleaned with water only on (the heap of earth
called) the Mar^aliya ;
32. If these same (cups are defiled) by urine, ordure,
27. Govinda says that this rule is optional.
28. Govinda adds that fuel, Kuja grass, and the like, which have been defiled in this manner, must also be thrown away.
30. Regarding the Dadhigharma, a homa, see Vaitina Sutra 21, 18; regarding the KuWap&yina'm Ayana, A-rval&yana .Srauta Sutra XII, 4 ; and regarding the Dakshayana sacrifice, a variety of the new and full-moon offering, Arvalayana II, 14. The Ardho- daya is possibly the vrata of that name mentioned in the Purawas. According to Govinda, the Aatuj£akra, which is otherwise known as a TSntric rite, is a sacrifice, ish/akakosh/a (?) madhyavasamo ya^ante tathetaradaya^ (?). Regarding the Brahmaudana, see Ajva- layana .Srauta Sutra I, 4.
32. Govinda says that the injunction to throw away defiled
I9O BAUDHAYANA. 1,6,14.
blood, semen, and the like (they must be) thrown away.
PRASNA I, ADHYAYA 6, KANDIKA 14.
1. Earthen vessels that have been touched by
impure persons (must be) exposed to (the flame of)
a fire of Kara grass.
2. Those which have been defiled by stains of
remnants (of food must be) exposed to another
burning.
3. Those which have been defiled by urine,
ordure, blood, semen, and the like (must be) thrown
away.
4. (Vessels) made of metal (must be) washed, after having been scrubbed as (directed) above.
5. The materials (to be used) for scrubbing (are) cowdung, earth, ashes, and so forth.
6. Those which have been defiled by urine, ordure, blood, semen, and the like (must be) recast,
7. Or (they must) be kept during seven (days and) nights completely immersed in cow's urine,
8. Or in a great river for as long (a period).
9. (Vessels) made of stone or of fruits, (i. e.)
gourds, Bel-fruit, and VinaYas, (shall be) brushed
with (a brush of) cow's hair.
vessels has been repeated, in order to prevent a misconception. For as Soma is said to be a great means of purification, it might be supposed that it was powerful enough to prevent the defile- ment of vessels into which it is poured at a sacrifice. But com- pare the next Sutras.
14. 8. A great river, i. e. one which directly flows into the ocean. — Govinda.
9. A Vina/a, i. e. (a vessel) made of bamboo or Vidagdha«a/a ; it is called a ' long vessel' (dirghabha^anam), and is used for carrying the Prawita water and the like purposes. — Govinda. The vessel
I, 6, 14. Purification At Sacrifices. 191
10. (Sacrificial implements made of) plaited Na/a-
reeds, bamboo, or 6ara-reeds (shall be) washed with
cowdung, water, and the like.
11. If unhusked rice has been denied, (it must be) washed (and afterwards be) dried.
12. But a great quantity (of unhusked rice must be) sprinkled.
13. Husked rice (which has been defiled must be) thrown away.
14. The same (rule applies) to cooked sacrificial viands.
15. But if a great quantity has been defiled by
(the touch of) dogs, crows, and the like (unclean
beings), one must throw away that portion (as) food
for men, and sprinkle (the rest with water), reciting
the Anuvaka, ' Pavamina^ suvar^ana^.'
1 6. Hydromel and preparations of milk (are)
purified by pouring them from one vessel into
another.
intended is no doubt the flask made of a bamboo which is cut below the joint, and is commonly used as a bottle for oil. Govinda adds that this mode of purification is to be adopted in case the vessels have been touched by impure persons.
10. Na/a-reeds, i.e. Amphidonax Karka; Sara, i.e. Saccharum Sara. Govinda says that the rule applies to cases where such implements have been defiled by remnants of food (u£££ish/a- lepa).
ir. 'Defiled, i.e. touched by a JTaadUa.' (The rule) refers to a quantity less than a Dro»a (66 or 132 Ibs.). — Govinda.
13. 'If it has been defiled by urine and the like and the quan- tity is small;' this must be understood, because he will declare (below, Sutra 15) that if there is a great quantity (the defiled) portion only shall be thrown away. — Govinda.
14. This, too, refers to small quantities only.
15. The Anuvaka referred to is Taittiriya-brihma»a I, 4, 8.
1 6. ' Hydromel, Le. sour milk, honey, clarified butter, water, and
BAUDHAYAXA. 1,6,14.
17. In like manner let him pour oil and clarified
butter which have been touched by an impure
(person) into water, and (afterwards) use them.
1 8. If (any) impure (substance) is thrown (into
the sacrificial fire) let him place (the two Ara«is
one) on (the other), produce fire by friction, (and
offer) a Pavamanesh/i.
19. If (the rules regarding) purity, the proper
place, the mantras, the series of actions, the object,
the materials, (their) consecration, and the proper
time are conflicting, each earlier-named (point) is
more important (than the following ones).
PJRASNA I, ADHYAYA 7, KAJVDIKA 15.
1. The sacred fires (shall be) approached from the north,
2. (And be) left in the same manner.
3. The contrary (proceeding should be adopted at sacrifices offered) to the manes.
grain ; a preparation of milk, i. e. curd of two-milk whey (dmiksha), if these are blemished by the fault of men, and that (blemish must have been caused by) the touch of an impure (person, u£&£ishte) only.' — Govinda.
17. 'And that must be done in such a manner that the oil and the clarified butter are not lost.' — Govinda.
18. 'Any impure substance, i.e. urine, ordure, and the like.' — Govinda.
19. Avn't, 'the series of actions/ i.e. the growth (pramubhlva) of the ceremonial (prayoga). — Gbvinda.
15. i. Manava .Srauta Sutra I, i, i, and Rumania thereon in Professor Goldstiicker's lithographed copy and Katyayana -Srauta Sutra I, 8, 24. See also Professor Haug's map of ' the sacrificial compound,' Aitareya-brahma«a, vol. i.
3. I. e. the entrance and exit are to be made to the south of the fires.
T, 7, 15. Purification At Sacrifices. 193
4. Let him wash that which has been touched with (his) foot.
5. Let him touch water, in case he touches his body or the hem (of his garment).
6. Likewise (let him touch water) after cutting,
splitting, digging or removing (anything, or offering
oblations) to the manes, to the Rakshasas, to
Nirmi, to Rudra, (and after performing sacrifices)
intended as spells (against enemies).
7. Let him not turn round himself a sacrificial
implement (the use of) which is accompanied by the
recitation of mantras.
8. (For) the sacrificial implements (are) more nearly (connected with the sacrifice),
9. The priests, more remotely.
10. The sacrificer and his wife are even nearer than the priests.
11. After the sacrificial implements (follows) the
clarified butter, after the clarified butter the sacri-
ficial viands, after the sacrificial viands the animal
to be slain, after the animal the Soma, after the
Soma the sacred fires.
5. Govinda explains sik, 'the hem of the garment,' by the garment wrapped round the loins (parihitawz vasaA).
7. The meaning is that the priest must hold the sacrificial imple- ments, such as the sruvfc and sruva ladles, between himself and the fires, and not place himself between them and the fires (atmano bahir na kurySt agner antaraA svayaw* na bhaved iti yivat).
8. 'He gives the reason for that (rule), "For the sacrificial implements (are) nearer" than the priests, that must be under- stood.'— Govinda.
10. 'For they obtain the reward of the sacrifice. The instances (referring) to those two are the Vaisar^anas and the Dakshuias.' — Govinda.
11. Katyayana .Srauta Sutra I, 8, 31. 'If the space on the
C'4] O
194 BAUDHAYANA. I, 7, 15.
12. If there is work for them, the priests shall not turn away from the sacred fires.
13. If he faces the east, let him turn towards his right shoulder,
14. If he faces the west, towards the left.
15. The entrance to the sacrificial (enclosure lies) between the ATitv&la and the Utkara,
1 6. (When one comes) from the A"atvala, (it lies between) the Ahavaniya fire and the Utkara.
17. The officiating (priests), the sacrificer, and his wife shall enter by that (road),
