7. i. The division of this chapter into two sections occurs in the M. manuscript only. The Dekhan MSS., which give the division into Ka«</ikas, do not note it, and have at the end of the Pra-ma the figure 20, while M. has 2 1 and in words ekavwwjatiA after the enumeration of the Pratikas.
2. ' A wise man must not corrupt his mind/ i. e. must not doubt or adopt erroneous views regarding the teaching of the .SSstras with respect to the waterpot. It seems to me that this passage indicates the existence of an opposition to the constant carrying of the waterpot in BaudhSyana's times. This is so much more probable, as the custom is now obsolete, and is mentioned in some Pur£«as and versified Smrrtis as one of the practices for- bidden in the Kali age; see e.g. the general note appended to Sir W. Jones' translation of Manu.
1 64 Baudhayana. 1,4,7-
(Brahman) came into existence with a water-vessel.
Therefore let him perform (his rites) with a water-
vessel.
3. Let him hold it in his right hand when he
voids urine and excrements, in the left when
he sips water. That is (a) settled (rule) for all good
men.
4. For as the sacrificial cup (&amasa) is declared
to be pure on account of its contact with the Soma-
juice, even so the water-vessel is constantly pure
through its contact with water.
5. Therefore let him avoid (to use) it for the worship of the manes, the gods, and the fire.
6. Therefore let him not go on a journey without
a waterpot, nor to the boundary of the village, nor
from one house to the other.
7. Some (declare that he must not go without it) a step further than the length of an arrow.
8. Baudhayana (says that he shall not go without it) if he wishes to fulfil his duties constantly.
9. (The divine) Word declares that (this is con- firmed) by a ./?zk-shaped (passage).
PRASNA I, ADHYAYA 5, KAJV.DIKA 8.
i. Now (follows the description of) the means of purification.
5. According to Govinda the word ' therefore ' refers back to Sutra I, 4, 6, 14.
9. ' ^zgvidhara, " a Rik -shaped (passage)." means ^?z'gvidhanam, "a prescription consisting of a Rt\" The Brahmana is indi- cated by (the word) vale, (" the goddess of) speech." The meaning is, " The Br£hma»a says that, there is also a J?z"k-verse to this effect. That is as follows, tasyaisha1 bhavati yat te jilpam ityadi ' (Taittiriya-Arawyaka I, 7, i). — Govinda.
I, 5>8. Purification. 165
2. The body is purified by water, the understand-
ing by knowledge, the soul by abstention from
injuring living beings, the internal organ by truth.
3. Purifying the internal organ (is called) internal purification.
4. We will explain (the rules of) external purifi- cation.
5. The sacrificial thread (shall be made) of
Kura grass, or cotton, (and consist) of thrice three
strings.
6. (It shall hang down) to the navel.
7. (In putting it on) he shall raise the right arm, lower the left, and lower the head.
8. The contrary (is done at sacrifices) to the manes.
9. (If the thread is) suspended round the neck, (it is called) nivtta.
10. (If it is) suspended below (the navel, it is called) adhopavita.
11. Let him perform (the rite of personal) puri-
fication, facing .the east or the north, (and) seated
in a pure place ; (let him) place his right arm be-
tween his knees and wash both hands up to the
wrist and both feet (up to the ankles).
12. Let him not use for sipping the remainder of the water with which he has washed his feet.
13. But if he uses (that) for sipping, let him do it, after pouring (a portion of it) on the ground.
8. 2. Vasish/^a III, 60. 7-9. Manu II, 63.
ii. Vasish//fa III, 26. Govinda points out that the word jau- /fam, ' (rite of) purification/ has here the meaning of a^amanam, ' sipping water.' He thinks that the £a, ' and,1 which stands after padau, ' both feet,' indicates that other portions of the body which have been defiled must be washed also.
1 66 BAUDHAYANA. I, 5, 8.
14. He shall sip out of the Tlrtha sacred to Brahman.
15. The part (of the hand) at the root of the thumb (is called) the Ttrtha sacred to Brahman.
1 6. The part above the thumb (is called the
Tlrtha) sacred to the manes, the part at the tips
of the fingers that sacred to the gods, the part at
the root of the fingers that sacred to the Tfrshis.
1 7. (Let him not use for sipping water that has
trickled) from the fingers, nor (water) that is
covered with bubbles or foam, nor (water that is)
hot, or alkaline, or salt, or muddy, or discoloured,
or has a bad smell or taste.
1 8. (Let him not sip water) laughing, nor talking,
nor standing, nor looking about, nor bending his
head or his body forward, nor while the lock on
his crown is untied, nor while his throat is wrapped
up, nor while his head is covered, nor when he is
in a hurry, nor without wearing the sacrificial thread,
nor stretching his feet out, nor while his loins are
girt (with a cloth), nor without holding his right
arm between his knees, nor making a sound.
19. Let him thrice drink water that reaches his heart.
20. Let him wipe (his lips) thrice.
21. Some (declare that he shall do it) twice.
14. VasishMa III, 26.
1 6. Vishmi LXII, 3-4. All the MSvS. except M. place the Tfrtha sacred to the gods at the root of the fingers, and that sacred to the 7?;shis at the tips of the fingers, and Govinda has the same erroneous reading.
17. Vasish//fa III, 36. 1 8. Vasish//fca III, 30. 19-20. Vasish/Aa III, 26 ; Apastamba I, 5, 16, 3.
21. Vasish//fa III, 27 ; Apastamba I, 5, 16, 4.
I>5>8. Purification. 167
22. A woman and a .Sudra (shall perform) both (acts) once (only).
* A Brdhma#a is purified by water that reaches his
heart, a Kshatriya by (water) reaching his throat,
a VaLrya by (water barely) taken into the mouth,
a woman and a .Sttdra by touching (it) with the
extremity (of the lips).
24. ' If (drops) adhere to his teeth, (they must
be considered pure) like the teeth, because they are
fixed (in the mouth) like the teeth. Let him not
sip water on their account in case they fall. If they
flow out, he will be pure.'
25. Now they quote also (the following verse);
' If anything adheres to the teeth, (it is pure) like
the teeth ; and if he swallows (it or) whatever else
may be in the mouth (or) may remain after sipping
water, (he will become) pure.'
26. (After sipping) he shall touch the cavities (of
the head) with water, the feet, the navel, the head,
(and) lastly the left hand.
27. If he becomes impure while holding (a vessel)
made of metal, he shall put it down, sip water and
sprinkle it, when he is going to take it up.
28. Now if he becomes impure (while he is
occupied) with food, he shall put it down, sip water
and sprinkle it, when he is going to take it up.
29. Now if he becomes impure (while occupied)
23. VasishMa III, 31-34'
24. The MSS. read in the last pada of this verse, teshaw s&m- sraye [ya or va]-££u£irftL I think sawsrava«a£Mu*ir iti is the correct reading.
2g. Vasish/Aa 111, 41. a'6. VasishMa III, 28-29.
28. VasishMa III, 43~44-
T68 BAUDHAYANA. I, 5> 8.
with water, he shall put it down, sip water and sprinkle it, when he is going to take it up.
30. That is contrary (to the rule) in (the case of an earthen) vessel.
31. In (the case of a vessel) made of wood there is an option.
32. Denied (objects) made of metal must be
scoured with cowdung, earth, and ashes, or with one
of these (three).
33. Copper, silver, and gold (must be cleaned) with acids.
34. Earthen vessels must be heated.
35. (Objects) made of wood must be planed.
36. (Objects) made of bamboo (must be cleaned) with cowdung,
37. (Objects) made of fruits with a rope of cow- hair,
38. Skins of black deer with (ground) Bel nut and rice,
39. Blankets (of the hair of the mountain goat) with Areka nuts,
40. (Cloth) made of (sheep's) wool by the (rays of the) sun,
41. Linen (cloth) with a paste of yellow mustard,
30. ' (The word) amatram, literally " a vessel," denotes here an earthen vessel. The meaning is that such a one, if it is very much defiled, shall only be put down and not be taken back. Any other (earthen vessel) -shall be heated.' — Govinda.
32. Vasish/^a III, 49.
33. ManuV, 114; Vasish/fo. Ill, 63.
34~35« Vasish/£a III, 49. 36. Vasish/^a III, 53.
37. Vasish//4a III, 54. Govinda thinks that the word raggu, ' a rope,' is used here in the sense of ' a conglomeration/ and merely indicates that a quantity of cowhair must be used.
39. ManuV, 120. 41. Vasish/fo III, 55.
Purification. 169
42. Cotton cloth with earth,
43. Skins (other than deer-skins shall be treated) like cotton cloth,
44. Stones and gems like (objects) made of metal,
45. Bones like wood,
46. Conch-shells, horn, pearl-shells, and ivory like linen cloth.
47. Or (they may be cleaned) with milk.
48. (Objects) which have been defiled by urine,
ordure, blood, semen, or a dead body, (but) are
agreeable to the eye and the nose, shall be rubbed
seven times with one of the substances mentioned
above.
49. (Objects) not made of metal which are in the same condition must be thrown away.
50. The cups and vessels (used) at a sacrifice
(must be cleaned) according to the injunction (of
the Veda).
51. The Veda (declares), 'They do not become impure through Soma.'
52. ' Time, fire, purity of mind, water and the like
(fluids), smearing with cowdung and ignorance (of
defilement) are declared to be the sixfold (means of)
purification for created beings/
53. Now they quote also (the following verse):
42. VasishMa III, 49. 43. Vasish/£a III, 53.
44. VasishMa III, 50. 45. VasishMa III, 52.
46. VasishMa III, 51. 49. Vasish/Via III, 59.
50. Govinda explains this Sutra differently. He says : ' The fault of defilement by remnants does not affect sacrificial cups and vessels. This must be understood. If they are defiled by urine and the like, they must be thrown away.' My explanation is based on the parallel passage of Apastamba I, 5, 17, 13. See also below, I, 6, 13, ii seq.
52. Vishmi XXII, 88.
1 7O BAUDHAYANA. I, 5, 9,
' A clever man, who knows (the rules of) purification
and is desirous of righteousness, shall perform (the
ritesj of) purification, after having fully considered
the time, and the place (of the defilement), likewise
himself, (as well as) the object (to be cleaned) and
the substance (to be employed), the purpose of the
object, the cause (of the defilement), and the con-
dition (of the thing or person defiled).'
PRASNA I, ADHYAYA 5, KAJVDIKA 9.
1. The Veda declares that the hand of an artisan
is always pure, so is every vendible commodity
exposed for sale and food obtained by begging,
which a student holds in his hand.
2. A calf is pure on the flowing (of the milk),
a bird on the fall of the fruit, women at the time
of dalliance, and a dog when he catches a deer.
3. All mines and places of manufacture are pure
excepting distilleries of spirituous liquor; con-
tinuously flowing streams of water and dust raised
by the wind cannot be contaminated.
4. The flowers and fruit of flowering and fruit-
bearing trees which grow in unclean places are
likewise not impure.
9. i. Vishmi XXIII, 48.
2. Vishmi XXIII, 49.
3. Vishmi XXIII, 48. The term akara, translated by 'mines and places of manufacture,' is explained in the commentary by 'places of production, i.e. of sugar and honey.' It is no doubt intended to apply to any place where articles of consumption or use are produced. Govinda adds that as ' continuous streams of water' are always pure, one must take care that the water for sipping flows out of the vessel in an unbroken stream.
I»5>9' PURIFICATION.
5. On touching a tree standing on a sacred spot,
a funeral pile, a sacrificial post, a A'aWila or a
person who sells the Veda, a Brahmawa shall bathe
dressed in his clothes.
6. One's own couch, seat, clothes, wife, child, and
waterpot are pure for oneself; but for strangers
they are impure.
7. A seat, a couch, a vehicle, ships (and boats),
the road and grass are purified by the wind, if they
have been touched by TTa^dlas or outcasts.
8. Grain on the threshing-floor, water in wells
and reservoirs, and milk in the cowpen are fit for
use even (if they come) from a person whose food
must not be eaten.
9. The gods created for Brahmawas three means
of purification, (viz.) ignorance of defilement, sprink-
ling with water, and commending by word of mouth.
