25. Colebrooke, Dayabhaga IV, 3, 27 ; V, Digest 511; Mayukha IV, 10, 32. 'The fee, i.e. the money which at an Asura, or ah Arsha wedding, the father has taken for giving the sister away. That goes after his (the father's) death to the uterine brothers of that sister; and that (happens) after the mother's death. But if the mother is alive (it goes) to her.' — Haradatta.
26. Colebrooke V, Digest 511.
27. Colebrooke V, Digest 434. 'The word "eldest" is used
Xxviii, 34- Inheritance. 307
ceased (without male issue goes) to the eldest (brother).
28. If a reunited coparcener dies (without male issue) his reunited coparcener takes the heritage.
29. A son born after partition takes exclusively (the wealth) of his father.
30. What a learned (coparcener) has acquired by
his own efforts, he may (at his pleasure) withhold
from his unlearned (coparceners),
31. Unlearned (coparceners) shall divide (their acquisitions) equally.
32. A legitimate son, a son begotten on the wife
(by a kinsman), an adopted son, a son made, a son
born secretly, and a son abandoned (by his natural
parents) inherit the estate (of their fathers).
33. The son of an unmarried damsel, the son of
a pregnant bride, the son of a twice-married woman,
the son of an appointed daughter, a son self-given,
and a son bought belong to the family (of their
fathers).
34. On failure of a legitimate son or (of the)
to give an example. (The property) goes to the brothers, not to the widow, nor to the parents. That is the opinion of the venerable teacher.' — Haradatta. Ya^zavalkya II, 134.
28. Mayfikha IV, 9, 15; Mann IX, 212-, Ya^avalkya II, 138.
29. Colebrooke, Dayabhaga VII, 3; Manu IX, 216.
30. Colebrooke, Dayabhaga VI, i, 17; V, Digest 355; Mayu- kha IV, 7, 10 ; Manu IX, 206; Ya^avalkya II, 119.
31. Colebrooke V, Digest 137 ; Manu IX, 205.
32-33. Colebrooke V, Digest 184 ; Manu IX, 166-178 ; Ya^«a- valkya II, 128-132. My best copy P. inserts another SQtra between this and the following one, ete tu gotrabha^a^, ' but these (latter six) belong to the family (only, and do not inherit).'
34. Colebrooke V, Digest 184. 'The residue of the estate
308 GAUTAMA. XXVIII, 35.
other (five heirs) they receive a fourth (of the estate).
35. The son of a Brahmawa by a Kshatriya wife,
being the eldest and endowed with good qualities,
shares equally (with a younger brother, born of a
Brahmawi) ;
36. (But he shall) not (obtain) the additional share of an eldest son.
37. If there are sons begotten (by a Brahmawa)
on wives of the Kshatriya and Vaisya castes (the
division of the estate between them takes place
according to the same rules) as (between) the (son
by a Kshatriya wife) and the son by a Brahma«i.
38. And (the sons by a Kshatriya wife and by
goes to the Sapi«</as. If it is here stated that the son of an appointed daughter receives, even on failure of a legitimate son, a fourth part of the estate only, that refers to the son of an ap- pointed daughter of lower caste, i.e. to a son who is born, when somebody makes the daughter of a wife of lower caste his ap- pointed daughter, and does that by intent only.' — Haradatta.
35. Colebrooke V, Digest 158; Manu IX, 149-153; Ya^«a- valkya II, 125. 'If the son of a Brahmawa by a Kshatriya wife is endowed with good qualities and the eldest, then he shares equally with a younger son by a Brahma«i. For the one possesses seniority by age and the other by caste.' — Haradatta.
36. Colebrooke loc. cit. ' What is exclusive of the additional share of the eldest, which has been declared above, Sutra 5, (that) other (part) he shall obtain. The verb must be understood from the context. Regarding a son by a Kshatriya wife who is the eldest, but destitute of good qualities, the Mdnava Dharma- jastra declares (IX, 152-153), ''Or (if no deduction be made)," &c.' — Haradatta. The sense in which the Sutra has been taken above, agrees with the explanation of the Ratnakara adduced in the Digest loc. cit., though the reading of the text followed there seems to be different.
37-38. Colebrooke V, Digest 159. In the Digest V, 160. an additional Sutra regarding the partition between the sons of a
Xxviii, 45- Inheritance. 309
a Vai.sya wife share in the same manner) if (they have been begotten) by a Kshatriya (father).
39. The son by a ^udra wife even, if he be obe-
dient like a pupil, receives a provision for main-
tenance (out of the estate) of a (Brahmawa) deceased
without (other) male issue.
40. According to some, the son of a woman of
equal caste even does not inherit, if he be living
unrighteously.
41. tSVotriyas shall divide the estate of a childless Brahma^a.
42. The king (shall take the property of men) of other (castes).
43. An idiot and a eunuch must be supported.
44. The (male) offspring of an idiot receives (his father's) share.
45. (Sons begotten) on women of higher castes
(by men of lower castes shall be treated) like sons
(begotten by a Brahmawa) on a 6udra wife.
Vaijya by Vaijya and .Sudra wives is quoted, which, however, is not recognised by Haradatta.
39. Colebrooke V, Digest 169; Mayukha IV, 4, 30. '(The
word) of a Brahmawa must be understood (from Sutra 35).'—
Haradatta.
40. Colebrooke V, Digest 316; Apastamba II, 6, 14, 15.
41. Colebrooke, Mitakshara II, 7, 3; Mayukha IV, 8, 25. ' The expression "of a childless (Brahma«a)" includes by implication (the absence) of SapiWas and other (heirs).' — Haradatta. Sro- triyas, i.e. Brahma«as learned in the Vedas. See also Manu IX, 1 88.
42. Apastamba II, 6, 14, 5.
43. Colebrooke V, Digest 335; Manu IX, 201-202; Ya^/7a- valkya II, 140.
44. Colebrooke loc. cit. ; Manu IX, 203; Ya^avalkya II, 141.
45. Colebrooke V, Digest 171, 335.
3 1 0 GAUTAMA. XXVIII, 46-53.
46. Water, (property destined for) pious uses or sacrifices, and prepared food shall not be divided ;
47. Nor (shall a partition be made) of women connected (with members of the family).
48. In cases for which no rule has been given,
(that course) must be followed of which at least ten
(Brahmawas), who are well instructed, skilled in
reasoning, and free from covetousness, approve.
49. They declare, that an assembly (parishad,
shall consist) at least (of) the ten following (mem-
bers, viz.) four men who have completely studied
the four Vedas, three men belonging to the (three)
orders enumerated first, (and) three men who know
(three) different (institutes of) law.
50. But on failure of them the decision of one
•Srotriya, who knows the Veda and is properly in-
structed (in the duties, shall be followed) in doubtful
cases.
51. For such a man is incapable of (unjustly) injuring or (unjustly) favouring created beings.
52. He who knows the sacred law obtains hea-
venly bliss, more than (other) righteous men, on
account of his knowledge of, and his adherence
to it.
53. Thus the sacred law (has been explained).
46. Manu IX, 219. For a fuller explanation of the terms yoga and kshema, (property destined for) pious uses and sacrifices, see Colebrooke, Mitakshara I, 4, 23.
47. Colebrooke, Mitakshara I, 4, 22; V, Digest 367; Mayukha IV, 7, 19- A
49-51. Apastamba II, n, 29, 13-14; Manu XII, 108-113. Three men belonging to the (three) orders enumerated first, i.e. a student, a householder, and an ascetic, see above, III, 2.
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CONTENTS.
INTRODUCTION' TO VASISHTV/A . . , . . xi
INTRODUCTION TO BAUDHAYANA .... . xxix
VASISHTm DHARMASASTRA.
General Rules i
Four Castes "... 9
Lawful Occupations . . . , . . . .n Duty of Studying the Veda . . . . , 1 7
Definitions . . . . . . . .. 19
Purification . .21
Origin of Castes .25
Impurity ..... ^ .... 27
Women .......... 31
Rule of Conduct , . . . ... • 34
Studentship . . . . . .';,.'. -40
Householder 42
Hermit ". 45
Ascetic ., . 46
Guests 49
Sraddhas , . .51
Sacrifices 56
initiation . , 57
Sn&taka .......... 59
Study of the Veda 63
Saluting 67
Lawful and Forbidden Food . . . . . .69
Adoption 75
Excommunication 77
Legal Procedure -79
Vlll CONTENTS.
Inheritance . . .84
Mixed Castes . . . 93
Duties of a King ... .... 96
Penances . . . . .102
Secret Penances 124
Gifts . . 136
BAUDHAYANA DHARMASASTRA.
Sources of the Law . 143
Different Customs . . 146
Studentship 149
Snataka 158
Waterpot ... . . . . . . . 160
Purification . .164
Lawful Livelihood . . 175
Impurity . . . . ..... . . 177
Inheritance . . . ; . .. . .178
Impurity 180
Forbidden Food . . . . . . . . . . 184
Sacri6ces . . . . . . . . . .186
Castes . 196
The King . 199
Criminal Law . . 201
Witnesses ......... 202
Marriage . . . . . . . . . 205
Veda-Study . .208
Penances . . . . 211
Inheritance 224
Women . . . . . . . . • .231
Householder • 237
Snataka . . . . . . . . .238
The Twilight Devotions . . . . . . • 245
Bathing ........ • 249
Tarpawa ...... • 252
Mahaya^las . 25^
Contents. Ix
The Four Orders
The Offering to the Vital Airs .
Eating . . .
Sraddhas
The Procreation of Sons
Ascetic . . . . • . . .
Ways of Living for Householders . . . .
Hermits .. . .
Penances for a Student .
Aghamarshawa . . .
Prasntiyavaka . . . . . . .
Kushmawdas
^Tandrayawa . . . . .
Anaj-natparayana . . . . . . .
Penances . . . . ...
Secret Penances
Rites securing Success
Pari.rish/a on Adoption . . . . »-','-.
INDEX TO PARTS I AND 11 (Vols. II and XIV)
Additions and Corrections . . . .
