1 6. When all (the three oblations) have beeu
it. Manu III, 187; Yagn. I, 225. According to Haradatta the formula of invitation is, Svah jraddham bhavita, tatrahavanf- yarthe bhavadbhi^ prasada^ kartavya iti, ' to-morrow a .Sraddha will take place. Do me the favour to take at that the place of the Ahavaniya-fire.'
12. The formula is, Adya jrdddham, ' to-day the .Sraddha takes place.'
13. The call to dinner is, Siddham agamyatam, 'the food is ready; come.'
16. Apastamba Gr/hya-sQtra VIII, 21, 9. ' He shall eat it pro- nouncing the Mantra, " Pra«e nivish/osmrna/H ^uhomi." ' Taitt. Ar. X, 34, i.
iT,7,i7- HOUSEHOLDER; FUNERAL-OBLATIONS. 145
offered, he shall take a portion of the food of
all (three), and shall eat a small mouthful of the
remainder in the manner described (in the Grz'hya-
sutra).
1 7. But the custom of the Northerners is to pour
into the hands of the Brahmawas, when they are
seated on their seats, (water which has been taken
from the water-vessel)
1 8. (At the time of the burnt-offering which is
offered at the beginning of the dinner) he addresses
the Brahmawas with this Mantra : ' Let it be taken
out, and let it be offered in the fire.'
19. (They shall give their permission with this
Mantra) : * Let it be taken out at thy pleasure, let
it be offered in the fire at thy pleasure.' Having
received this permission, he shall take out (some of
the prepared food) and offer it.
20. They blame it, if dogs and Apapatras are allowed to see the performance of a funeral-sacrifice.
21. The following persons defile the company if
they are invited to a funeral-sacrifice, viz. a leper,
a bald man, the violator of another man's bed, the
son of a Brahmawa who follows the profession of
a Kshatriya, and the son of (a Brahmawa who by
marrying first a .Sudra wife had himself become) a
.Sudra, born from a Brahma#a woman.
1 7. The North of India begins to the north of the river Saravati. The rule alluded to is given by Ya^». I. 226, 229; Manu III, 210.
1 8. ¥%•;?. I, 235. 20; Manu III, 239.
21. Manu III, 152-166, and particularly 153 and 154; Ya^«. I, 222-224. Haradatta's explanation of the word '.Sudra' by ' a Brahmawa who has become a -Sudra ' is probably right, because the son of a real «S"udra and of a Brahmawa female is a A'a//c/ala, and has been disposed of by the preceding Sutra.
146 APASTAMBA.
22. The following persons sanctify the company
if they eat at a funeral-sacrifice, viz. one who has
studied the three verses of the Veda containing the
word 'Madhu,' each three times ; one who has studied
the part of the Veda containing the word ' Suparwa '
three times ; a Tri^a^iketa ; one who has studied
the Mantras required for the four sacrifices (called
A-yvamedha, Purushamedha, Sarvamedha, and Pitrt-
medha) ; one who keeps five fires ; one who knows
the Saman called (^yesh/^a ; one who fulfils the
duty of daily study ; the son of one who has studied
and is able to teach the whole Veda with its Angas,
and a -Srotriya.
23. He shall not perform (any part of) a funeral- sacrifice at night.
24. After having begun (a funeral-sacrifice), he shall not eat until he has finished it.
25. (He shall not perform a funeral-sacrifice at
22. Compare ManuIII, 185, 186; \agn. I, 219-221. The three verses to be known by a Trimadhu are, Madhu vatS. rz'tayate, &c., which occur both in the Taitt. Sa/wh. and in the Taitt. Ar. The explanation of Trisupar«a is not certain. Haradatta thinks that it may mean either a person who knows the three verses .ftatushkaparda yuvati£ supe^a, &c., Taittiriya-brahmawa I, 2, i, 27, &c., or one who knows the three Anuvakas from the Taittirtya Ara«yaka X, 48-50, beginning, Brahmametu mam, &c. The word ' Triwa&keta ' has three explanations: — a. A person who knows the Na^iketa-fire according to the Taittiriyaka, Ka/Aavallt, and the .Satapatha, i.e. has studied the portions on the Na&keta-fire in these three books. b. A person who has thrice kindled the Na£iketa-fire. c. A person who has studied the Anuvaka, called Vira.fas. Alaturmedna may also mean ' one who has performed the four sacrifices ' enumerated above.
23. Manu III, 280.
24. ' The Sraddha is stated to begin with the first invitation to the Brahmans.' — Haradatta.
25. 'The Northerners do not generally receive this Sutra, and
IT, 8, i8. HOUSEHOLDER; FUNERAL-OBLATIONS. 147
night), except if an eclipse of the moon takes place.
PRASNA II, PAT-ALA 8, KHAJWJA 18.
1. He shall avoid butter, butter-milk, oil-cake, honey, meat.
2. And black grain (such as kulittha), food given
by .Sudras, or by other persons, whose food is not
considered fit to be eaten.
3. And food unfit for oblations, speaking an un-
truth, anger, and (acts or words) by which he might
excite anger. He who desires a (good) memory,
fame, wisdom, heavenly bliss, and prosperity, shall
avoid these twelve (things and acts) ;
4. Wearing a dress that reaches from the navel
to the knees, bathing morning, noon, and evening,
living on food that has not been cooked at a fire,
never seeking the shade, standing (during the day),
and sitting (during the night), he shall keep this vow
for one year. They declare, that (its merit) is equal to
that of a studentship continued for forty-eight^years.
5. (Now follows) the daily funeral-oblation.
6. Outside the village pure (men shall) prepare (the food for that rite) in a pure place.
therefore former commentators have not explained it. — Hara- datta.
18. i. Sutras 1-4 contain rules for a vow to be kept for the special objects mentioned in Sutras 3 and 4 for one year only. Haradatta (on Sutra 4) says that another commentator thinks that Sutras 1-3 prescribe one vow, and Sutra 4 another, and that the latter applies both to householders and students. A passage from Baudhayana is quoted in support of this latter view.
5. Manu III, 82 seq.
6. The term ' pure (men) ' is used in order to indicate that they must be so particularly, because, by II, 2, 3, i, purity has already been prescribed for cooks.
148 APASTAMBA. II, 8, 18.
7. New vessels are used for that,
8. In which the food is prepared, and out of which it is eaten.
9. And those (vessels) he shall present to the (Brdhma^as) who have been fed.
10. And he shall feed (Brahmawas) possessed of all (good qualities).
n. And he shall not give the residue (of that
funeral-dinner) to one who is inferior to them in
good qualities.
12. Thus (he shall act every day) during a year.
13. The last of these (funeral-oblations) he shall perform, offering a red goat.
14. And let him cause an altar to be built, con- cealed (by a covering^ and outside the village).
15. Let him feed the Brahma^as on the northern half of that.
1 6. They declare, that (then) he sees both the
Brahma^as who eat and the Manes sitting on the
altar.
17. After that he may offer (a funeral-sacrifice once a month) or stop altogether.
18. For (by appearing on the altar) the Manes
signify that they are satisfied by the funeral-
offering.
19. Under the constellation Tishya he who de- sires prosperity,
7. For the unusual meaning of dravya, 'vessel,' compare the term sitadravj a"«i, ' implements of husbandry/ Manu IX, 293, and the Petersburg Diet. s. v.
13. The red goat is mentioned as particularly fit for a .Sraddha, #. I, 259, and Manu III, 272.
Ii, 8, Tq. Householder | Funeral-Oblations. 149
PRASNA II, PAFALA 8, KHAJVDA 19.
1. Shall cause to be prepared powder of white
mustard-seeds, cause his hands, feet, ears, and
mouth to be rubbed with that, and shall eat (the
remainder). If the wind does not blow too violently,
he shall eat sitting, silent and his face turned towards
the south, on a seat (facing the) same (direction) —
the first alternative is the skin of a he-goat.
2. But they declare, that the life of the mother
of that person who eats at this ceremony, his face
turned in that direction, will be shortened.
3. A vessel of brass, the centre of which is gilt, is best (for this occasion).
4. And nobody else shall eat out of that vessel.
5. He shall make a lump of as much (food) as he can swallow (at once).
6. (And he shall) not scatter anything (on the ground).
7. He shall not let go the vessel (with his left hand) ;
8. Or he may let it go.
19. i. The ceremony which is here described, may also be per- formed daily. If the reading prasya is adopted, the translation must run thus : 'and he shall scatter (the remainder of the powder). If the wind,' &c.
2. 'Therefore those whose mothers are alive should not per- form this ceremony.' — Haradatta.
4. If the masculine bhoktavyaA is used instead of bhoktavyam, the participle must be construed with tamasaA.
5. The verbum finitum, which according to the Sanskrit text ought to be taken with the participle sa///nayan, is grasita, SiUra 9.
8. ' Why is this second alternative mentioned, as (the first Sutra) suffices? True. But according to the maxim that "re- strictions are made on account of the continuance of an action once begun," the meaning of this second Sutra is that he shall
I5O APASTAMBA. 11,8,19.
9. He shall swallow the whole mouthful at once,
introducing it, together with the thumb, (into the
mouth.)
10. He shall make no noise with his mouth (whilst eating).
11. And he shall not shake his right hand (whilst eating).
12. After he (has eaten and) sipped water, he
shall raise his hands, until the water has run off (and
they have become dry).
13. After that he shall touch fire.
14. And (during this ceremony) he shall not eat in the day-time anything but roots and fruit.
15. And let him avoid Sthalipaka-ofierings, and food offered to the Manes or to the Gods.
1 6. He shall eat wearing his upper garment over his left shoulder and under his right arm.
17. At the (monthly) .Sraddha which must neces-
sarily be performed, he must use (food) mixed with
fat.
1 8. The first (and preferable) alternative (is to employ) clarified butter and meat.
19. On failure (of these), oil of sesamum, vegeta- bles, and (similar materials may be used).
20. And under the asterism Magha he shall feed
the Brahma#as more (than at other times) with (food
mixed with) clarified butter, according to the rule of
the .Sraddha.
coniinue to the end to handle the vessel (in that manner in which) he has handled it when eating for the first time.' — Haradatta.
1 6. Haradatta remarks that some allow, according to II, 2, 4, 22, the sacred thread to be substituted, and others think that both the thread and the garment should be worn over the left shoulder and under the right arm.
It, 8, 20. the Four Orders. 151
PRASNA II, PAFALA 8, KHAAT>A 20.
1. At every monthly 6raddha he shall use, in
whatever manner he may be able, one drona. of
sesamum.
2. And he shall feed Brahmawas endowed with all
(good qualities), and they shall not give the fragments
(of the food) to a person who does not possess the
same good qualities (as the Brahma#as).
3. He who desires prosperity shall fast in the
half of the year when the sun goes to the north,
under the constellation Tishya, in the first half of
the month, for (a day and) a night at least, prepare
a Sthalipaka-offering, offer burnt-oblations to Kubera
(the god of riches), feed a Brahmawa with that (food
prepared for the Sthalipaka) mixed with clarified
butter, and make him wish prosperity with (a
Mantra) implying prosperity.
4. This (rite he shall repeat) daily until the next Tishya(-day).
5. On the second (Tishya-day and during the second month he shall feed) two (Brahmawas).
6. On the third (Tishya-day and during the third month he shall feed) three (Brahmawas).
7. In this manner (the Tishya-rite is to be per-
formed) for a year, with a (monthly) increase (of the
number of Brahmawas fed).
20. i. A drowa equals 128 seers or jeras. The latter is variously reckoned at 1-3 Ibs.
3. The reason why the constellation Tishya has been chosen for this rite seems to be that Tishya has another name, Pushya, i.e. 'prosperous.' This sacrifice is to begin on the Tishya-day of the month called Taisha or Pausha (December-January), and to continue for one year.
152 APASTAMBA. II, 8, 20.
8. (Thus) he obtains great prosperity.
9. But the fasting takes place on the first (Tishya-day) only.
10. He shall avoid to eat those things which
have lost their strength (as butter-milk, curds, and
whey).
11. He shall avoid to tread on ashes or husks of grain.
