a MS. the leaves of which were out of order. After the first words of ver. i , they have kshira/n dadhisarpLi kurodakam, which belongs to ver. 26, and they go on with the text down to IV, 7, 7, after which the end of IV, 5, i and 2-25 are given. — 'Yantra," restraints," i.e. KnAWras and the like, (which are called so) on account of the restraint of the senses (required for them).' — Govinda.
3-5. VasishMa XXIV, 5.
6. Vasish/4a XXI, 20. Repeated, see above, II, i, a, 38.
324 BAUDHAYANA. IT, 5.
7. (If one eats on) one (day in) the morning
(only), and (on the following day) at night (only, on
the next day food) given without asking, (and on
the fourth day) subsists on air, and repeats this
three times, that is called the KrMMra. (penance)
of children.
8. (If) one eats one mouthful only at each (meal),
following, during (three) periods of three days, the
rules given above, and subsists during another
period of three days on air, that is called the
Atikrz/£/&#ra penance.
9. (If) during those (first) three periods of three
days one partakes of water only, and subsists after-
wards (during three days) on air, that third (variety)
must be known to be the most efficacious K.rt&-
khv&C&irikkfaz. penance.
10. If one drinks hot milk, (hot) clarified butter,
(and a hot) decoction of Kara grass, each during
three days, and fasts during another three days, that
is called the Taptakrz&^ra.
11. (If one lives during one day) on cow's urine,
(during one day) on cowdung, (during one day) on
milk, (during one day) on sour milk, (during one day)
on clarified butter, (during one day) on a decoction
of Kara grass, and during one (day and) night on
air, that is called the Sawtapana Kn££^ra.
12. Let him take the cow's urine, reciting the Gayatrl; the cowdung, (reciting the text), ' Gandha-
7. Vasish/^a XXIII, 43 ; see above, II, i, 2, 39.
8. Vasish#a XXIV, 2-3 ; see above, II, i, 2, 40.
9. See above, II, i, 2, 41. 10. See above, II, i, 2, 37.
11. Vasish/fca XXVII, 13; Vishnu XLVI, 19.
12. The texts quoted are found, Taitt. Arawyaka X, i, 10; III, 17 ; Taitt. Sawhitd I, 5, 1 1, 4, 7 ; I, i, 10, 3 ; VII, i, 1 1, i.
Iv, 5. Rites Securing Success. 325
dvaram;' the milk, (reciting the verse), 'Apyayasva;'
the sour milk, reciting (the verse), ' Dadhikravwa;''
the clarified butter, (saying), '.Sukram asi;' the decoc-
tion of Ku-ya grass (with the text), 'Devasya tva ;'
1 3. (And mix together) one part of cow's urine,
half as much cowdung, three parts of milk, two of
sour milk, one part of clarified butter, and one part
of water boiled with Kiua grass; a Sawtdpana
KrM&Ara. (performed) in this manner will purify
even a .SVapaka.
14. He who subsists during five (days and) nights
on cow's urine, cowdung, milk, sour milk, and clari-
fied butter will be purified by (that) Pa»/£agavya
(the five products of the cow).
15. If, self-restrained and attentive, he fasts during
twelve days, that is called a Paraka Yirikkfa*, which
destroys all sin.
1 6. If he subsists on cow's urine and the other
(substances named above), one day on each, and con-
tinues (this mode of life) during thrice seven days, the
theologians call that a Mahasawtapana Krz&Mra.
17. If he daily adds to his food one mouthful
during the bright (half of the month) and diminishes
it daily by one mouthful during the dark (half of the
month), and keeps two fasts in the two halves of the
month, that is called a A'dndrayawa.
1 8. If, with concentrated mind, a Brahmawa eats
four mouthfuls in the morning and four mouthfuls
when the sun has set, he will perform the A'andra-
ya«a of children.
13. VasisbMa XXVII, 13. 14. Vasish/Aa XXVII, 14.
15. Vishmi XLVI, 1 8. 16. Vishmi XL VI, 20.
17. Vasish/tfa XXVII, 21 ; see above, III, 8.
1 8. Vistom XLVII, 8.
326 BAUDHAYANA. IV, 5.
19. If, self-restrained, he daily eats, during a
month, at midday eight mouthfuls of food, fit for
a sacrifice, he will perform the A^andrayawa of
ascetics.
20. But a Brahma«a who eats anyhow, during a
month, thrice eighty mouthfuls of food, fit for a sacri-
fice, goes to the world of the moon.
21. As the rising moon frees the world from the
fear of darkness, even so a Brahma«a who performs
a ^clndriya^a removes the fear of sin.
22. He who lives one day on (rice)-grains, three
days on oil-cakes, five days on buttermilk mixed
with water, seven days on water, and (one day) on
air, (performs) the guilt-destroying Tulapurusha.
23. Living on barley-gruel (yeLvaka) removes the
guilt of corporeal beings after seven days, and so
does a fast of seven days ; that has been recognised
by wise men.
24. By dressing in wet clothes, by living in the
open air, and by exposing himself to the sun during
the light halves of the months Pausha (December-
January), Bhadrapada (August-September), and
Gyesh^a (May-June), a Brahmawa is freed from
(all) sin excepting crimes causing loss of caste
(pataniya).
25. (If one swallows) cows' urine, cowdung, milk,
19. Vishnu XL VII, 7.
20. Vish«u XLVII, 9. Govinda places this verse before Sutra 19. 22. Vishmi XLVII, 22.
24. The meaning is that the performer is to stand in wet clothes during the first half of the month Pausha, in the cold season ; to live in the open air during the first half of Bhadrapada, in the rainy season ; and to allow himself to be broiled by the sun in <7yesh///a, the hottest time of the hot season.
25. 1 doubt if the reading of Govinda, yava"^£mena (explained
^5- Rites Securing Success. 327
sour milk, clarified butter, and a decoction of Ku*a
grass, mixed with barley gruel, that is the most
sanctifying Brahmakun£a.
26. He who fasts on the new moon day and eats
sesamum grains on the full moon day, will be freed
in the course of a year from the sins which he com-
mitted in the bright and the dark halves of the
month.
27. He who lives on alms obtained from Agni-
hotrins is purified in one month ; (he who obtains
his food from a Yayavara, in ten days; he who re-
ceives it from a hermit in the forest, in five days;
28. (He who lives) on food given by a person
who has a store sufficient for one day only, will be
purified m one day ; he who drinks water given by
a person subsisting by the Kapota-vmti (pigeon-
life), is purified in three (days).
29. If one recites the whole ^/g-veda, Ya^ur-
veda, and S£ma-veda, or thrice reads one of these
Vedas and fasts, (that is) a most efficient means of
purification.
30. Now if one is in haste to finish, one may live
on air during a day, and pass the night standing
ia water, that is equal (in efficacy) to a Pra^apatya
31. He who at sunrise mutters the Gayatrt one
thousand and eight times, is free from all sin, pro-
vided he has not slain a learned Brahmawa.
by yavagu^) sawyuktam, ' mixed with barley-gruel,' is correct. AH the MSS. of the text have yavanSm ekasawyukto, which I do not understand. Govinda has Brahrnakr;£Mra>4 instead of Brahma- kunta/i. But see the Petersb. Diet. s. v. brahmakftr/fe.
28. Regarding the Kapota-vrriti, see above, III, 2, 15.
30. Vasish//%a XXVII, 17. Govinda adds after kartum, 'to finish,' 'the rites connected with the Vedas' (Sfltra i).
328 BAUDHAYANA. IV, g.
32. He who distributes food, speaks the truth, and
has compassion on all living beings, is more (holy)
than all those who have been purified by the
restraints mentioned above.
PRASNA IV, ADHYAYA 6.
1. The (eleven Anuvakas called) Rudras together
with (the ten hymns) seen by Madhu/£/£/fcandas, the
Gayatri with the syllable Om, and likewise the
seven Vyahmis (are the texts) which should be
muttered (and) which remove guilt.
2. The Mrzgaresh/i, the Pavitresh/i, the Trihavis,
the Pavamant are the Ish/'is which efface sin, if they
are (each) combined with the VaLrvanara (Dvadaja-
kapala).
3-4. Learn, also, the following most excellent
secret ; he will be freed from all sins of all kinds
who sprinkles himself with water, reciting the
Pavitras, who mutters the eleven (Anuvakas called)
Rudras, who offers burnt oblations of butter, reciting
the Pavitras, and gives gold, a cow, and sesamum (to
Brahmarcas).
5. He who partakes of boiled barley-gruel, mixed
with cow's urine, liquid cowdung, sour milk, milk,
and butter, is quickly freed from sin.
6. Both he who has begotten a child on a .Sudra woman and he who has had connexion with a female,
6. i. The hymns are Rig-veda I, i-io.
2. Regarding the Mngaresh/i, see Taitt. SawzhitS IV, 7, 15. In explanation of the term Trihavis, Govinda adcls the word Savanesh/i.
5. Ydvaka, translated, as usually, by barley-gruel, can also denote, as Govinda points out, other dishes made of barley.
6. See above, II, i, 2, 7, 10, 13-14.
Iv, 7- Rites Securing Success. 329
intercourse with whom is forbidden (agamya), are
purified (if they live) according to this rule during
seven days.
7. (That is likewise) the remedy when one has
swallowed semen, ordure, and urine, or eaten the
food of persons whose food must not be eaten, (and
also) when a younger brother has kindled the sacred
fire, has offered a .Srauta sacrifice, or taken a wife
before the elder.
8. He who has committed even a great number
of (wicked) actions, excepting mortal sins, will be
freed (by that rule) from all guilt That is the
statement of the virtuous.
9. But (this) ordinance, which is based on the
authority of the sacred texts, is stated (to be that)
through which Bharadva/a and others became equal
to Brahman.
10. Through the performance of these rites a
Brahmawa, whose heart is full of peace, obtains what-
ever desires he may have in his heart.
PRASNA IV, ADHYAYA 7.
T. The wishes of a Brahmawa who has left off evil
deeds and is (ever) engaged in holy works are ful-
filled even without (the practice of) restraints.
2. Upright Brahmawas quickly accomplish what-
7. See above, II, i, i, 21, 39-40. I follow the reading of M. and of the commentary, paryadhane^ayor etat parivitte *a bhe- sha^am. The reading of the Dekhan MSS. is etat patite Jaiva
bho^anam, ' that food must be eaten and when one has
become an outcast.'
7. i. Yantram, 'restraints,' i.e. KriAMras, the fasts, and < practices described in the preceding chapters.
33° BAUDHAYANA. iv, 7.
ever they wish in their hearts, if they are purified by honest actions.
3. Thus a wise man should practise those re- straints until he has purified his bodily frame.
4. He who has been purified by those restraints
should, after fasting three (days and) nights, begin
the performance of that sacred rite through which
he wishes to gain the fulfilment of his desires, —
5. (Reciting) the Kshapavitra, the Sahasr£ksha,
the Mrzgdra, the two Ga#as (called) Amhomufc, the
Pavamanis, the Kushma»dfts, and the Rikzs, ad-
dressed to Vaisv&nara,
6. (And) offering with (each of) these (Mantras)
boiled rice and clarified butter during seven days, in
the morning, at midday, and in the evening, keeping
a rigid silence, living on food fit for a sacrifice,
restraining his senses and his actions,
7. He is freed from all crimes, even mortal sins,
after looking on a cross-road at a pot filled with
water, (and reciting the text), 'Siwhe me manyu/&.'
8. He is freed from the multitude of sins, com-
mitted unintentionally in old age, in youth, and in
infancy, and even from those belonging to former
births ;
9. After feeding at the end (of the seven days) Brahma«as with milk and rice, well mixed with
5. According to Govinda the Kshapavitra, or as (he Dekhan MSS. read, Kshmapavitra, occurs in the Sutrapa//^a of the Taitti- rfyas, consists of six Verses, and begins ' Agne naya.' The text meant must be similar to Taitt. Sawzhita I, i, 14, 3. The Saha- sraksha is the Purushasukta. The Mr/gara consists of the Ya^ya'- rmvakyas of the Mr/garesh/i, Taitt. SawhitS IV, 7, 15. The two Gawas called Amhomuk are found Taitt. Sawhita II, 3, 13, i, 'yd vim indravariwau' and 'yo vam indravaruwau.' The verses addressed to Agni Vaijvanara are the first eight. of Taitt. Sawhita I, 5, n.
Iv, 8. Rites Securing Success. 331
butter, and distributing to them after their dinner cows, land, sesamum, and gold,
10. A Brahmawa becomes internally pure, his
guilt being consumed like fuel, and fit for the per-
formance of rites which secure the fulfilment of
wishes and of rites like the kindling of the sacred
fire.
PRASNA IV, ADHYAYA 8.
1. He who, through excessive greed or careless-
ness, performs this rite for others, is tainted by sin,
and perishes like one who has swallowed poison.
2. A Brahma«a who performs this rite for his
teacher, his father, his mother, or for himself is
resplendent like the sun. Therefore this rite may
be performed for those (persons).
3. Ka (Pra^apati) purified by means of this rite
the god with a thousand eyes (Sahasraksha), Fire,
Wind, the Sun, Soma, Yama, and other lords of the
gods.
4. Whatever there is in these three worlds, famed
as possessing a holy name, Brdhmawas and the rest,
(all) that was produced by Ka through this rite of
sanctification.
5. This sin-destroying secret of Pra^ipati was
first produced; thereafter thousands of purificatory
rites came into existence.
6. He who performs those eight Garcahomas on
the (first) day of the year, of a half-year, of a season,
or of a fortnight, sanctifies ten ancestors and ten
descendants of his line ;
