* Both MSS. have ‘spirits’ by inserting a stroke in the middle of the Pahlavi word.
* An imperfect quotation, omitting glosses, from Pahl. Yas. XLIV, 2 cde (Sp.).
“A similar idea is expressed in Vd. XIX, 30, but the Pahlavi version of half of it is lost.
* Apart from.AQharmasd, their president.
CHAPTER XXI, 20—-XXIl, 2. 159
(pasákhtan)' for the religion; first, 4y means of
fires, and Zaratüst walked three steps on them, with
the words, ‘good thoughts, good words, and good
déeds, and was not burnt; and secondly, hot metal
is poured on to Zzs chest, cooled thereby, and, grasp-
ing 24 with zs hand, he held 24 for the archangels.
25. Adhaymazd spoke thus: “After the establishment
of the pure religion, when a dispute occurs in the
religion, those who are thy disciples will pour z¢ on
to a spiritual lord, they wt take z¢ up with the hand,
and will thoroughly believe in him who is over the
whole embodied existence. 26. The third was
cutting with a knife, and the vital parts (ahvón)
becoming visible, which are inside the abdomen,
wth a flowing forth of blood ; and, after the hands
are rubbed over z/, it became healed. 27. And this
is pointed out, namely: ‘ Thy and thy correligionists'
accepting of the pure religion is, as to the steadfast
tm other religions, such that, through such-like
burning of fire, pouring of hot metal, and through an
operation with a sharp instrument, ZZere is no per-
version from the good religion.’
CHAPTER XXII.
I. About the seven questionings (7-frasnóih),
with reference to religion, of the seven archangels,
which occurred in seven places ?.
2. For the occurrence of the first questioning *, that of Aühazmazd, the person of Zaratüst, who was
! By way of ordeal, a relic of the old faith in incantation.
? Compare Dk. VIII, xiv, 5, 6, 9. 3 This has been narrated in the preceding chapter.
160 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
the upholder of Aühazmazd, came out to a conference on the bank of the water of Dáitih !.
3. For the occurrence of the second, which is
Vohümanó's, five animals out of the five species ?
which are the worldly tokens of Vohümanó, have
come with Zaratüst to a conference on Hügar and
Aüsind?; and on that day also, before their coming
out to the conference, their tongues are fully liberated
and spoke with human words. 4. And among the
rest * is a fish of one species, Arzuvá 5 by name; of
those in burrows (khanóigánó) ave the white ermine
and white marten; of the flying creatures (váyan-
dagán) zs the Karsipt °, a bird like a species of water-
fowl; of the wide-travellers (farákhvó-raftáránó)
is the hare which is showing wild beasts the way to
the water ; and of those suitable for grazing (£arakó-
argánigán) is the white ass-goat ; with human words
they also accepted the religion from Aühazmaz4.
s. With the chieftainship of the five species they
are intrusted, so that the like animals also, with
their own voices, and as much as their knowledge is
capable, shall recount the powerfulness of the religion.
! See Dk. VII, iii, 51, 54.
? These species, which are named in § 4, are those mentioned in the Avesta, Visp. I, 1.
* Av. Hukairya of Yt. XII, 24, and Us-hindu of Yt. VIII, 32, described in Bd. XII, 5, 6, as two neighbouring mountains, for the pure water of Arédvisür falls from the summit of Hagar to Aüsind which stands in the circumambient ocean.
* The remainder of K 35, the MS. brought by Westergaard from Kirmán, is lost ; but an old copy of it (BK, see the Introduction) exists in Bombay, which supplies the missing text, as an authority independent of T.
* See Bd. XIV, 26; apparently the same as the Ariz, or Kar, the chief of fish, ibid. XVIII, 3, 5; XXIV, 13.
* See Bd. XIV, 23; XIX, 16; XXIV, 11,
Chapter Xxii, 3-10. 161
6. And freedom from assault, exemption from per-
secution, and proper maintenance of the five species
of animals, were prescribed by him! to Zaratüst with
seemingly very awful admonition.
7. For the occurrence of the third questioning,
which is Azdavahistó's, the spirits of the fires have
come out with Zaratüst to a conference at the Tóoán
water *; and, in that questioning, care for the proper
maintenance of the Varahrán fire, and the pro-
pitiation of all fires, is explained to him.
8. For the occurrence of the fourth questioning,
which is Shatvé7's, the spirits of the metals have come
with Zaratüst to a conference at Sardi’, a settlement
on the Mivan‘; and he was fully admonished about
various proper preservations of the metals, and as
fo not producing warlike accoutrements of gold.
9. For the occurrence of the fifth questioning,
which is SpendazmaZ's, the spirits of the regions,
frontiers, stations (aüstámán), settlements (rûga-
stákán), and districts, as many as were desirable,
have come out with Zaratüst to a conference where
there is a spring (khánigó-a6) which comes out
from the Asnavad mountain’, aud goes into the
Dáitih, like those of Satavés who is blowing thc
Páirigs*. 10. And Zaratást was also thus ad-
1 By Voh&manó, as the protector of useful animals.
? Possibly the Tegend river, the Zend or Zóndak of Bd. XX, 7, 15.
3 The Bahrám, or sacred fire at places of worship.
* Names not clearly identified, and readings uncertain.
5 In Átür-pátakán, and the Güsnasp, fire was established upon it (see Bd. XII, 2, 26; XVII, 7).
6 Pahl. 'Satavés-i Páirig damánó ánó kîgûn. Referring probably to Yt. VIII, 8, 9. Satavés is the southern chieftain of the stars, as correctly stated in the Iranian DBündahis (compare BL al, 7; XIII, 12) ; and the Páirigs are meteors.
162 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
monished by her, about the care and propitiation
of the earth: that each district is /o e intrusted
to a faithful testifier (gókás-i vévar), each settle-
ment 40 a judge acquainted with the law, each
station 40 an officiating priest (magópató) of just
intentions, and each frontier ¢o a pure priestly
authority (raZó); over all is proclaimed the coun-
cillor of the spirits, the supreme priest (magópa-
tánó magópató), and through him the sovereignty
of Aühazmazd is provided. — *
II. For the occurrence of the sixth questioning,
which is KhüzdaZ's, the spirits of seas and rivers
have come with Zaratüst to a conference at the
Asnavad mountain !, and he was told about the care
and propitiation of water.
12. For the occurrence of the seventh questioning,
which is Amüzdaz's, the spirits of plants have come
out with Zaratüst to a conference on the precipitous
bank of the Darega?, on the bank (bar) of the
water of Daitih, and different places; and he was
informed about the care and propitiation of plants.
13. The seven questionings are explained within
the length of these winters, which are of five months, and within ten years ?.
! See § 9.
* Pahl. ‘pavan Daregin zbár'— Av. ‘ Dregya paiti zbarahi’ of Vd. XIX, 4; a mythical river in Afran-vég, where Pórüshaspó resided (Bd. XX, 32).
* The Pahlavi is rather vague, but it is clear that Zaratüst starts for his conference at thirty years of age (Chap. XXI, 1), returns from it ten years later (Chap. XXIII, 1), and the conversion of Vistásp occupies two years longer (Chap. XXIII, 5) occurring when Zaratüst was forty-two years old and thirty-five years before his passing away at the age of seventy-seven (Chap. XXIII, 9).
At this point another dislocation of text occurs in all existing
CHAPTER XXII, II—XxXIII, 5. 163 ——————— ee Tg
CHAPTER XXIII.
1. On the completion of revelation, that is, at the
end of the ten years, Médyémah, son of Arastai,
became faithful to Zaratüst.
2. Afterwards, on having obtained his requests !,
he came back to the conference of Aühazmazd,
and he spoke thus: ‘In ten years oz/y one man has
been attracted by me. 3. And Atharmazd spoke
thus: ‘ There will be days when so few are not
attracted by you, who ave themselves the occasion
of the resurrection of the world; when, apart from
Dahák?, the beneficence of the formation of the
renovation of the universe attracts every one besides,
and the impenitence of Dahâk is destroyed.’
4. When he came out from the presence of
Aühazmazd, with the same paradox, he thereby
indicated his religion as complete to SpendazmaZ
through Zzs intelligence.
5. In the two years after that?, the Kavigs and
MSS., owing to the accidental interpolation of three loose folios of another text, between this chapter and the next, in some unknown copy written before 1530. In the MSS. the text is written con- tinuously, without division into chapters. But the connection of this chapter with the next one, which is here restored to its proper position, is clearly shown by the reference to the ‘ten years’ of conference, with which this chapter ends, and the next one begins. The accidentally interpolated text is here classified as Chaps, XXIV and XXV, but its real connections have not yet been traced.
1 That is, the replies of the archangels to his enquiries.
2 See Dk. VII, i, 26. He was chained by Frégün in Mount Dimávand, to escape in the latter days, to be slain by Keresásp, and to be specially punished at the resurrection (Bd. XII, 31 ; XXX, 16; Byt. III, 55-61).
8 See Dk. VII, iv, 2.
164 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
Karaps of Vistásp, zz the manner of opponents
(haméstaránih), propounded thirty-three enquiries
(khvástakó)! to him, so that y command of
Vistásp he became the explainer of those thirty-
three enquiries. 6. Of the thirty-three habits? of
iniquity, come for opposition to the religion of the
sacred beings; of the declaration, by revelation, of
those thirty-three indications of fetters °; and of the
restraint of the thirty-three iniquitous practices by
the thirty-three best good works, ¢here are state-
ments in revelation. 7. Including the acceptance of
the religion by Vistásp from Zaratüst, after the re-
demonstration of its judicially multiform prophecy
and spiritual character, which are looked into
through the evidence of three speakers about ZZezz,
the archangels who, with worldly manifestation,
have become apparent unto Vistásp and As coun-
cillors and mighty ones; they are Vohümanó, Arda-
vahistó, and the Bürzin-Mitzó fire *.
8. About the reward which exzs/eZ before the
beneficence of Zaratüst, and zs being seen how,
through guidance by Aühazmazd, z¢ is demonstrated
by him to those of the world, so that Médyémah is
attracted in the tenth year in the forest of reedy
hollows (kanyástánó* vésakó) which is the haunt
of swine of the wild-boar species (khazürá-i varázó
gas); in the twentieth year the Kavig who is son
—— —— ee UH
* See Dk. VII, iv, 67.
” Reading sôn = Pers. sân; but the MSS. have dénó, 'religions The thirty sins and thirty-three good works, detailed in Mkh. XXXVI, XXXVII, are certainly referred to at the end of this section.
* Compare Chap. XII, 5, and Dk. VII, iv, 67.
* See Dk. VII, iv, 74.
* Hybrid Zváris of Pers. nayistán.
Chapter Xxiii, 6-10. 165
of Kandah? is attracted; in the thirtieth year the
Khyóns* arrive, who make an incursion (vardak6)
into the countries of Irán, owing to the Kavigs,
those who ave more of their own race; and in the
fortieth year Vohüném, son of Avaróstar?, is born.
9. In the forty-seventh year Zaratüst passes away,
who attains seventy-seven years and forty days in
the month Az4Zavahistó, oz the day Khar‘; and for
eight rectified (véhi£akoó) months, till the month
Dadvó and day Khar, he should be brought forward
as to be reverenced.
10. Zn the same month Arvdavahisté, in the sixty-
third® year, Frashóstar* passed away, and in the
sixty-fourth year Gáàmásp", the same as became the
priest of priests after Zaratüst; in the seventy-third
year Hangáürüsh, son of Gâmâsp è; in the eightieth
year Asmók-khanvató?, and also in the eightieth
1 Or Kfinih which is the name of a demon (see Sg. XVI, 13, 16, 18, 19) ; but such an identification is uncertain.
* Av. Hvyaona of Yt. IX, 30, 31; XVII, 50, 51. Compare Dk. VII, iv, 77, 83, 84, 87-90; v, 7.
* Av. gen. ‘ Vohu-nemang,hó Aváraostróis' of Yt. XIII, 104.
* The eleventh day of the second month.
5 See Dk. VII, vi, 12; V, ii, 12.
7 See Dk. V, ii, 12; iii, 4.
* Av. gen. * Hang,haurushó Gamaspanahé’ of Yt. XIII, 104.
° Av. gen. * Asmó-AvanvatÓ' of Yt. XIII, 96, and Westergaard's
Yt. RAAT, 37.
166 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
year Kabed-üs-spáé!, who is called also Akht the wizard, is killed.
11. Of the six great upholders of the religion
there are the two daughters of Zaratüst, whose
names are Frénó and Sritó*?, wrz% Aharübó-stótó,
son of Médyómáh?, and another three, who ave
renowned for their religion for a hundred years,
who are Vohüném * that is born in the fortieth year
of the religion, .Sénó 5 is afterwards born and passes
away in the two-hundredth year, and as to his
hundred-discipledom °, it exists day and night till the
three-hundredth year. 12. Afterwards the religion
is disturbed and the monarchy is contested ( gangi-
aitó).
13. About the three customs (d4d46) which Zara-
tüst prescribed as the best:—The first of them is
this: ‘Do not go without others, except with
magisterial authority (apatkár radiha);’ the second
is: 'Though they shall proceed unlawfully as to
you, consider your actions lawfully beforehand ;’
and the third is: ‘ Next-of-kin marriage, for the
