* Compare the legend of the descent of the ape and bear from a demon and Yimak, sister of Yim, in Bd. XXIII, r.
* As these names do not occur in the Avesta, their pronunciation
144 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
brotherhood of five—of which the middle ove was
Brad-résh the Tür, who became more of an adver-
sary of Zaratdst—was a semblance of the brother-
hood of five who were sons of Pórüshaspó, of whom
the middle ove was Zaratist.
s. Of the four brothers of Zaratüst, the names of
the two before Zaratüst were Ratüstar and Rangüstar,
and of the two after 42m Nodarigá and Nivédis’.
6. The middle position of Zaratüst is for the reason
that he is so produced at that time, as an inter-
medium of the early narrators and the later narrators,
that three millenniums came before him and three
after. 7. So that he Zas prescribed to the creatures
in what manner he would teach the ancients as to
what ad occurred, and zz what manner 7/ is also to
be done as regards what will occur; as is stated in
the Gáthas? thus: ‘Both those I ask of thee,
O Atharmazd! even whatever das happened till
now, and whatever shall happen henceforth ?’
CHAPTER XVI.
I. About the trials (aüzmáyisnó) which occurred
has to be guessed so as to give a probable meaning to the Pahlavi spelling. The writing of the last name is complicated ; it is written 49! and {© in the two MS. authorities, which forms can be most obviously read Vasam and Saman, but Saman can also be read as the Zváris yadd=dast, ‘a hand;’ this leads to the conclusion that the original name underlies the form Vadast, and this is confirmed by the name of the Karap Vaédv6ist written at full length in Dk. VII, iv, 21724. See ibid. ii, 9 n.
1 These brothers seem unmentioned elsewhere, and the existence of the elder two would imply another mother. The pronunciation of the names is guessed.
* Pahl. Yas, XXXI, 14 a.
Chapter Xv, S-Xvi, 6. 145
to him whose practice was lawful, and the signs of
prophecy /Za/ are seen therein, 7/ is thus declared,
namely; ‘Another day, when /Ze child had been
born, Pórüshaspó called one of those five brothers of
the race of Karaps, and spoke thus: “ Fully observe
the marks and specks of my son Zaratüst." '
2. The Karap went and sat down before Zaratûst,
and the head of Zaratdst was thereupon severely
twisted by him, in order that he should be killed;
but he, being fearless, watched the wizards whose
terror was distressing !. 3. As z¢ was in those ten
nights for hospitality, AühazmazZ sent Spendaymad,
Arédvisür, and Ar4Zái-fravarZ? down to the earth,
by way of female care; thereupon no variation
occurred to ¢he child, and, further, the hand of that
Karap was withered 3, and that wizard demanded the
life * of Zaratüst from Pórüshaspó for the harm from
him, which sprang upon himself from his own action.
4. At the same time Pórüshaspó took Zaratdst,
and gave him to the Karap, that he might do with
him according to his own will. 5. He seized him
and threw him out, at the feet of the oxen who were
going on a path to the water; the leader of that
drove of oxen stood still in 4zs vicinity, and 150 oxen,
which walked behind it, wese kept away from him
thereby; and Pórüshaspó took im, and carried him
back to the house 5.
6. Also the second day, the Karap threw Aim out
1 Assuming that vóshíg stands for véshig-béshíg.
? The three female spirits that represent the earth, pure water, and guardian spirits, respectively.
* Compare Dk. VII, iii, 4-7.
* Assuming that the MS. dénó stands for gân.
* Compare Dk. VII, iii, 11, 12.
146 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
at the feet of the horses; and the leader of the
horses stood still in the vicinity of Zaratüst, and
150 horses, which walked behind it, were kept away
from him thereby; and Pórüshaspó took Azm, and
carried him back to the house !.
7. Also the third day, firewood is gathered
together by the Karap, and Zaratüst is deposited
on z¢ by him, the fire is stirred up by him, yet with
the same result (ham-bün-i£), the chz/d is not
burnt by it, and those marks, which existed and
were made upon him, were a preservation from it ?.
8. And the fourth day, he is thrown by the Karap
into the lair (áshyánakó) of a wolf; the wolf was
not in the lair, and when it wished to go back to the
den (süràkó), it stopped when it came in front of
some radiance, 2 the manner of a mother, at the
place where its cub was. 9. In the night, Vohümanó
and Srósh the righteous brought a woolly (kérd-
sak6) sheep with udder full of milk into the den,
and it gave milk to Zaratüst, in digestible draughts
(guvárakó guvárak?), until dayZgZ *.
IO. In the dawn, the mother of Zaratüst went to
that place, in the expectation that it would be
necessary to bring a skeleton out of the den, and
the woolly sheep came out and ran away; his mother
supposed that it was the wolf, and she spoke thus:
‘Thou fast devoured to repletion; mayst thou
endure for ever without it!’ 11, She went farther,
and when she saw Zaratüst quite safe, she then took
him up and spoke thus: ‘I wi not give ¢hee to any
one during life, not though both the provinces of
Rágh and Nédar shou/d arrive here together *.'
" Compare Dk. VII, iii, ES T4. * Ibid. 9, 1o.
* Ibid. 15-17; V, ii, 4. * Ibid. 18, 19.
Chapter Xvi, 7-Xvii, 3. 147
12. Because these princes were among the spiritual
from two provinces which ave in Átür-pàdakán, such
as are at sixty leagues (parasang) from ist;
Zaratüst arose from Ragh, and Vistásp from Nódar.
13. And of these two provinces, Rágh was accordiny
to the name of ÉriZó, son of Dürésróbó, son of
MánüsZihar!, from whom arose the race of Zaratüst :
and Nóar was according to the name of Nódar,
son of MánüsZihar, from whom arose the race of
Vistásp.
CHAPTER XVII.
I. These were his tokens at birth:— One day,
one of those five brothers of the Karaps saw
Zaratüst, and he looked a long while upwards,
downwards, and on all sides around 2, |
2. Pórüshaspó enquired thus: ' What was there
when thou lookedst upwards, what when (¢hou
lookedst downwards, and what when thou lookedst
on all sides ? '
3. And he replied thus, namely: ‘When I looked
upwards, it was for this reason, when I saw that our
souls è /4a/ go up to the sky, will go up to the best
! Compare Chap. XIII, 6; Dk. VII, ii, 70.
2 Compare Dk. VII, iii, 27-30.
Lz
148 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
existence’, owing to the words of this soul of man-
kind. 4. When I looked downwards, I saw that,
owing to the action of this one, the demon and fiend,
the wizard and witch become buried below the earth,
and fall paralyzed back to hell. 5. And when
I looked on all sides, I saw that the words of this
one will extend through the whole earth; and when
they have become as the law of the seven regions,
each person is kept clothed wztk a robe (kapah)
of seven skins, in which the glory of the seven
archangels as arisen.’
6. And Bráz-rükhsh the Tar went forth; when
he went to the right side (arakó), Zaratüst hastened
away to the left, and when he went to the left side,
Zaratüst hastened to the right, and he is thereby
concealed from Bráz-rükhsh the Tar, who has not
met with bim.
CHAPTER XVIII.
1. About his diverse want of participation (gvid
akhvésih) with Zi parents this also is declared,
that the demons, at an assembly of wizards, pro-
duced an outcry for a conference (ham-và4ó
láyisnó) thus: “That son of Pórüshaspó is sense-
less and foolish and secretly corrupted; no one,
man ox woman, will consider or accept him as
exalted.’
2. The tidings came to Pórüshaspó, and Pérd-
shaspó spoke unto Zaratüst thus: ‘I thought that
I ad begotten a son who would become a priest,
a warrior, and a husbandman, and now thou
— ÁÁá—À HP aaa € * The ordinary heaven, see Dd. XX, $:
Chapter Xvii, 4-Xix, I. 149
wouldst be foolish and secretly corrupted; thou
shouldst proceed to the Karaps, so that they may
cure thee,’
3. Zaratüst gave answer thus: ‘I am he that is
thy son, a priest, warrior, and husbandman.’ 4. And,
by command of Pórüshaspó he harnessed two
horses to a chariot (varZinó), and he went with
Pórüshaspó.
5. When they came to the place according to the
decision of Pórüshaspó, into the presence of one
Karap of those said five brethren, that wizard took
a cup and made water, and spoke thus: ' This he
should drink who is a son of thine, so that he may
become well;' and he acted with this conviction,
that so he would change to the same nature as
theirs.
6. Zaratüst spoke to Pórüshaspó thus: ' Thou
mayst give z¢ back to him who is thy protector and
high-priest ;' and he arose (Akhégiz)! and went
back to ZZez place.
7. On the way, Zaratüst gave ther two horses
water, on account of /A4e thirst; and he thought
thus: ‘ Unprofitable was my going to the residence
of the Karaps, except zz this manner, when, through
giving water to the horses, my soul was then
expanded.’
CHAPTER XIX.
1. About his interfering talk (andarg-góbisnóih)
with the iniquitous, this also is declared, that one
hh Ae ———————— PEE
1 T has ‘he saluted (niydyfd).’ This legend has not yet bee found elsewhere.
150 SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.
day Darésr6éb6! the Karap, as 2£ were from the same
five brethren, came out to the house of Pórüshaspó ;
and Pórüshaspó placed a bowl (gámakó) of mare's
milk before 4zm, and spoke to him thus: ‘ Conse-
crate z/.'
2. Zaratist expostulated with Pórüshaspó thus:
' I wall consecrate 77, 3. Pórüshaspó spoke thus:
‘He should consecrate, and the grace is to be
offered up by you?;' and as many as three times
/hey mutually disputed.
4. Zhen up stood Zaratüst, and his right foot
struck at the bowl and emptied it, and he spoke thus :
‘I reverence righteousness, I reverence the righteous
and the poor, men and women; do thou, O
Pórüshaspó! prepare a portion for him in whom
there is worthiness.’
5. And Dürésróbó spoke unto Zaratüst thus: ‘As
some of my portion of daily food was first thrown
away by thee, it is I who wz bring 77 on both thy
lives, and will utterly destroy thee. 6. Zaratüst
spoke interruptingly ? thus: ‘ With complete mind-
fulness I wz7// look upon thee with both eyes, and
weld utterly destroy thee.’
7. And, for a long time, they constantly looked,
one at the other, with unshrinking gaze; ów the
divine nature of Zaratüst is victorious over the
witchcraft of that wizard, and Dürésróbó is further
disturbed; he also asked for Zzs horse and spoke
thus: ‘On account of this doy, zz is impossible for
me to stay.'
ee eee
' So spelt in Zs., but Dürásróbó in Dk.; also the former has always Pórüshaspó, but the latter Pórüsháspó. Compare the same legend in Dk. VII, iii, 34-45.
* Pahl. ‘vald aĉ yazédd, alêd vâg dahisnó. ^ * Or“ inwardly.'
Chapter Xix, 2-Xx, 4. 151
8. He sat upon the horse, and when he had gone
a little way, he fell off from the horse, through severe
distress, and died ; and the children of his children’s
children have died upon the same spot !.
CHAPTER XX.
I. About the righteousness of his desires z/ is
thus declared, that when ke became fifteen years
old, the sons of Pórüshaspó demanded a portion
from ZZzir father, and their portions are allotted out
by him. 2. Among the clothes ¢here was a girdle,
the width of which was four finger-dreadths; and of
the four? portions around and the girdle, which it
was possible to bring forth, Zaratüst selected she
latter and tied zt on himse/f. 3. This was owing to
the precepts (parvánakán) of Vohümanó who came
into his reason at birth ; as to whatever is not the
custom Azs mind was now quite closed, and in that
which is the custom 77 was impetuously exercised
by him.
4. About 4zs compassionate disposition and the streams of the Arag province’, this also is declared,
1 Probably meaning that he died childless.
? The MSS. have ‘three,’ but there were five sons (Chap. XV, 5), and the numbers are written in ciphers which are very easily corrupted.
