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THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST

Translated by VARIOUS ORIENTAL SCHOLARS

Edited by F. MAX MULLER

Vol. 47

Sacred Books of the East

(50 VOLUMES) Series Editor : F. Max-Müller

ISBN: 978-81-208-0101-1 (Set) | - NHELSO These volumes of the Sacred Books of the East series include translations of all the most important works of the seven non-Christian religions that have exercised a profound influence on the civilisations of the continent of Asia. The Vedic Brahmanic system claims 21 volumes, Buddhism 10, and Jainism 2;8 volumes comprise Sacred Books of the Parsis;2 volumes represent Islam; and 6 the two main indigenous systems of China. Translated by twenty leading authorities in their respective fields, the volumes have been edited by the late F. Max Miiller. The inception, publication and the compilation of these books cover almost 34 years. I. BUDDHISM Vol. 49: Buddhist Mahayana Texts (2 Parts) Vol. 11: Buddhist Suttas Vol. 10: The Dhammapada and Sutta Nipata Vols. 35 & 36: The Questions of King Milinda (2 Parts) Vol. 21: The Saddharma Pundarika or the Lotus of the True Law Vols. 13, 17 & 20: Vinaya Texts (3 Parts) Il. CHINESE Vol. 19: The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King Vols. 3, 16, 27, 28, 39 & 40: The Sacred Books of China (6 Parts) III. A GENERAL INDEX Vol. 50: A General Index to the Names and Subject-matter of the Sacred Books of the East

IV. ISLAM Vols. 6 & 9: The Qur'an (2 Parts) V. JAINISM Vols. 22 & 45: The Jaina Sutras (2 Parts) VI. PARSIS Vols. 5, 18, 24, 37 & 47: Pahlavi Texts (5 Parts) Vols. 4, 23 & 31: The Zend-Avesta (3 Parts) VII. VEDIC-BRAHMANIC SYSTEM Vol. 8: The Bhagavadgita with the Sanatsujatiya and the Anugita Vols. 29 & 30: TheGrihya-Sutras: Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies (2 Parts) Vol. 42: Hymns of the Atharva Veda together with Extracts from the Ritual Books and the Commentaries Vol. 7: The Institutes of Vishnu Vol. 25: The Laws of Manu Vol. 33: The Minor Law Books Vols. 2 & 14: The Sacred Laws of the Aryas as Taught in the Schools of Apastamba, Gautama, Vasishtha and Baudhayana (2 Parts) Vols. 12, 26, 41, 43 & 44: The Satapatha Brahmana According to the Text of the Madhyandina School (5 Parts) Vols. 1 & 15: The Upanishads (2 Parts) Vols. 34 & 38: The Vedanta Sutras (2 Parts) Vol. 48: The Vedanta-Sutras (with the commentary by Ramanuja) Vols. 32 & 46: Vedic Hymns (2 Parts)

Pahlavi Texts

Marvels of Zoroastrianism

Translated by E.W. WEST

Part V

MOTILAL BANARSIDASS PUBLISHERS PRIVATE LIMITED e DELHI

7th Reprint: Delhi, 2012 First Published by the Oxford University Press, 1897

Isbn: 978-81-208-0148-6

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Printed in India

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and Published by Narendra Prakash Jain for
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RaAsHTRAPATI BHAVAN,
New DeLHI-4
June 10, 1962

I am very glad to know that the Sacred
Books of the East, published years ago by
the Clarendon Press, Oxford, which have
been out-of-print for a number of years,
wil now be available to all students of
religion and philosophy. The enterprise
of the publishers is commendable and I
hope the books will be widely read.

S. RADHAKRISHNAN.

Publisher’S Note

First, the man distinguished between eternal and perish-
able. Later he discovered within himself the germ of the
Eternal. This discovery was an epoch in the history of the
human mind and the East was the first to discover it.

To watch in the Sacred Books of the East the dawn of this religious consciousness of man, must always remain one of the most inspiring and hallowing sights in the whole history of the world. In order to have a solid foundation for a comparative study of the Religions of the East, we must have before all things, complete and thoroughly faithful translation of their Sacred Books in which some of the ancient sayings were preserved because they were so true and so striking that they could not be forgotten. They contained eternal truths, expressed for the first time in human language.

With profoundest reverence for Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, President of India, who inspired us for the task; our deep sense of gratitude for Dr. C. D. Deshmukh & Dr. D. S. Kothari, for encouraging assistance; esteemed appreciation of UNESCO for the warm endorsement of the cause ; and finally with indebtedness to Dr. H. Rau, Director, Max Müller Bhawan, New Delhi, in procuring us the texts of the Series for reprint, we humbly conclude.

CONTENTS.

PAGB
INTRODUCTION : un ^x
Abbreviations used in this E . : : . xlviii
MARVELS OF ZOROASTRIANISM.
Dinxarp, Book VII.

CHAF. 1. Descent of the glorious destiny . . : ape 3 2. Parentage of Zaratüst . : : : Die is 3. His birth, childhood, and youth till his a i 38 4. His missions to the Karaps, and Vistásp's conversion . 50 5. Events in the last thirty-five years of his life . j 2843 6. Further events till the death of Vistásp . ; BET hy 7 » . » til end of Sásánian monarchy ; . 82 8. - » Will end of Zaratüst's millennium . "T 9. Afishédar’s millennium " : : : 4 107 10. Afishédar-mah’s millennium . ; i : à > Ir 11. Sósháns and the renovation e 116

Dinxarp, Book V.

1. Kai-Loharásp at Jerusalem, and descent of the religion. — 119 2. Parentage, birth, and life of Zaratüst. Future apostles . 122 3. Events after Vistásp's conversion and in later times a 126 4. Descent of the Iranians. The tribe having a Gyémará . 127

SELECTIONS OF ZAD-SPARAM.

12. Two old legends of Spendarmad and of the hero Srit6. 133

13. Parentage of Zaratüst . 4 v! *148

14. Dempns try to injure him before and at bts birth ; m TI

15. Five Karap brothers opposed to Zaratfist and his four brothers ; A 1 143

16. One Karap tries to kill Zaratûst five times . ; : 144

Vill CONTENTS.

Chap. Page

17. Another foretells his glorious destiny . i j - 147
18. His father disagrees with him . . 148
19. And he disagrees with his father and the chief CA A
20. Legends indicative of his good disposition . i . I5I
21. His going to confer with Aüharmazd . ; " . URB
22. His conferences with the archangels . à : . I59
23. Dates of conversions, births, and deaths ; i » 153
24. Five dispositions of priests and ten admonitions . . 167
ĪNDEX : ‘ ; A i : , . $ v ETE

Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Trans- lations of the Sacred Books of the East ; ; as: 183

INTRODUCTION.

I. IN the summary account of the Spend Nask, given in the eighth book of the Dinkard, chapter XIV, it is stated in § 4 (see S. B. E., vol. xxxvii, p. 32) that many marvels, owing to Zaratüst, are published therein, *just as there are some which, collected and selected, are noticed by the Dinkard manuscript. This statement evidently refers to the seventh book of the DinkazZ, which contains the legendary history of Zaratüst and his religion, related as a series of marvels extending from the creation to the resurrection of mankind. A much briefer account of some of the same details occurs at the beginning of the fifth book of the Dinkard, and appears to have been abridged from a compilation which was either derived partially from a foreign source, or pre- pared for the use of foreign proselytes. A third compila- tion of similar legends is found among the Selections of Zad-sparam. And a careful translation of these three Pahlavi Texts constitutes the Marvels of Zoroastrianism contained in this volume.

2. As the extent of Dk. VII is about 16,coo Pahlavi words (without allowing for one folio lost) it probably contains about four-fifths of the details included in the Spend Nask, the Pahlavi version of which has been esti- mated, in S. B. E., vol. xxxvii, p. 469, to extend to 20,500 words. It says very little about Zaratüst's conferences with the sacred beings (mentioned in Dk. VIII, xiv, 5, 6), and gives no description of the other world and the way thither (as reported ibid. 8) But it probably contains many verbatim extracts from other parts of the Pahlavi version of the Spend Nask, which appear, however, to have been previously collected in the Exposition of the Good Religion, an older MS. than the DinkazZ, which is quoted

as an authority in Dk. VII, i, 2.

X PAHLAVI TEXTS. Eee

3. This seventh book commences with a detailed statement of the descent of the glorious ruling dynasty from the primeval man GáyómarZ, through his descen- dants, the PésdáZian and Kayánian rulers, to Kai-Vistasp. Among the individuals, rarely mentioned elsewhere, are the sacred being Hadish (the protector of homesteads in the Visperad) Vaégered the brother of king Hósháng, Pata- khsróbó king of the Arabs, and Aóshnar the chancellor of Kai-Us. Zaratüst and the three millennial apostles are also mentioned, but the contents of this first chapter are probably derived from the Kitradad Nask (see Dk. VII, xiii, 20) and from Yt. XIX, 25-93.

4. Chapter II begins the legendary history of Zaratüst with the descent of his glory, from the presence of Aüharmazd to the house in which Zaratüst's mother was about to be born; and, alarmed at her radiance, the Kavigs and Karaps, or ruling priests of the district, oblige her father to send her away to another valley, where Póráü-. sháspó resided, to whom she was afterwards married; and several legends are related, in which both the archangels and archdemons are active agents, which lead on to the birth of Zaratüst, thirty years before the end of the ninth millennium of the universe, and his complete genealogy is given.

5. Chapter III begins with his laughing at birth, and describes the ill-will of the Karaps, or priests of those times, and their many attempts to destroy him during his childhood, till he openly defied them at the age of seven. At the end of the ninth millennium, when he was thirty years old, as he was bringing Hóm-water out of the fourth effluent of the Daiti river, he met the archangel Vohümanó who had come to invite him to a conference with Aüharmazd, about which no details are given.

6. Chapter IV, however, proceeds to mention that, in two years, he returned from his first conference, by order of Aüharmazd, to preach his religion to the Kigs and Karaps in the presence of their ruler, Aürvàitá-dang the Tür. They seem to have listened attentively till he advo- cated Khvétükdas, when they demanded his death, and

INTRODUCTION. xi were supported by the Tür's brother; but the Tür's son, who presided, remonstrated with them, and Aurváitá-dang himself protected him, but refused to be converted. Zaratüst was afterwards sent to demand slaves and horses from Védvoist, a rich Karap, who refused them arrogantly ; he also went to Parshad-gau in Sagastán and cured his bull with Hóm-water, whereupon Parshad-gau joined him in worship, but not in public. Zaratüst repulsed the demons as in Vd. XIX, 1-4; he is then tempted by a Karap in the form of Spendavinad, whom he also repulses. And he is finally sent to the court of Vistásp, where he is relent- lessly opposed by the Kigs and Karaps who obtained his imprisonment, during which he is saved from starvation by a miracle; then some of the sacred beings arrive to assist him, and Vistásp is at last converted, twelve years after the coming of the religion when Zaratüst went to his first conference with Adharmazd.

7. Chapter V refers to the marvels of the last thirty-five years of Zaratüst's life, after Vistásp's conversion, but says nothing about his own death, except that he departed to the best existence at the age of seventy-seven. It mentions the establishment of ordeals of thirty-three kinds, the victory of Vistásp over Argásp the Khyón, the useful works and advice of Zaratüst, the compilation of the Avesta, and the birth of Péshyótan, the immortal ruler of Kangdez.