' See Pahl. Yas. XXXI, lo a. « Ibid. 11 b, c.
• Ibid. 21 c. * Ibid. 22 c.
• Compare Pahl. Yas. XXXIII, 4 a, XLIII, 13 c.
• See Pahl. Yas. XXXIV, i a. ^ Ibid. 3 a. « See Pahl. Yas. XXXIII, 6 a, and Bk. VIII, Chap. VII, 5.
• Ibid. 8 c. " Ibid, 9 c. " Ibid. 10 c. »» See Pahl. Yas. XXXIV, 6 c.
" Yas. XXXIV, 7 c, the Pahlavi version of which may be trans- lated as follows : — ' I am aware of no one (above), other than you (that is, I know no one from whom my benefit is such as from you, and when they shall cause) righteousness (that is, they shall perform duty and good works, it) thus produces shelter for us.' The MS. has Ti^tkXd,
Chapter Lxix, 48-54. 395
that, through that sovereignty of his, the renovation
of the universe is produced by his will among the
existences ^.
* See Pahl. Yas. XXXIV, 15 c. « See Pahl. Yas. XXXV, 22.
» See Pahl. Yas. XLII, 7 a. * Ibid. 8 d.
* Assuming that yehevfind^/, * becomes,' stands for yeha- bfinSi/. •
* See Pahl. Yas. XLIII, 6 c. '' Ibid. 7 d. » See Pahl. Yas. XLIV, 3 a. • Ibid. 6 a. "^ Ibid. 7 a. ^ Ibid. 8 e. " Ibid. 9 c.
Details of the Nasks
From
OTHER SOURCES.
1-5. (The same as on page 2.)
6. The manuscripts mentioned are : —
B (written a.d. 1659), see page a.
B29 (written a. d. 1679), a Persian Riv&yat, No. 29 in the University Library at Bombay.
DH (written a.d. 181 3), a Din-v^firgard in the library of Dastfir Hdshangji Jdm&spji at Poona.
K35 (probably written a.d. 1572), a DS^stdn-f Dfnfk, No. 35 in the University Library at Kopenhagen.
MHio (about 150 years old), a Persian Riv&yat, No. 10 of Haug's Collection in the State Libraiy at Munich.
O225, a Persian Rivdyat in No. 225 of Ouseley's Collection in the Bodleian Library at Oxford.
From the Selections
Of
Zaz?-Sparam\
1 . About the three divisions of revelation there is
a condensed medium, beneficial and small, of whose
subdivision one category (ra^istako) is collection
together ; that is, the Ahunavair ^ itself is a symbol
of the Nasks.
2. First, the Ahunavair is apportioned into its
three degrees (pa^fmin), as shown in another
chapter; and by a like system (ra^istak) the
Githas^ too, are into three, which are the three-
lined, four-lined, and five-lined*; even so the Nasks
* Who was high-priest of Sirkin, in the south of Persia, towards the end of the ninth century, being contemporary with the last reviser of the Dinkare/ (see S. B. E., vol. xviii, p. xxvii). This extract from his Selections constitutes the 'particulars about the Githas and the connection of the Ahunavair with the Nasks/ mentioned in the final footnote to Zs. XI, lo. For the Pahlavi text the trans- lator is dependent upon a single MS., copied from K3g when this latter MS. was complete, and said to be now in the library of Dastdr jSmispji Minochihaiji in Bombay.
» See Dk. VIII, Chap. I, 7.
* The word g&s&no is usually written like dahi^no in the MS.
* The three-lined stanzas of the G&thas are 100 in the Ahuna- vaiti (Yas. XXVIII-XXXIV), 40 in the Yasna of seven his (Yas. XXXV-XLI), and 22 in the Vohft-khshathra (Yas. LI), altogedier 162 three-lined stanzas; the four-lined are one in the U^tavaltl (Yas. XLVI, 15), 41 in the Spe«t4-mainyfi (Yas. XLVII-L), and nine in the Vahi^tdlrti (Yas. LIII), altogether 51 four-lined stanzas ;
402 OTHER DETAILS OF NASKS.
^ The MS. corrupts these two names into the one word asna- vat 6 by omitting the syllables a(^Jta.
« The St6</-yajt, or first of the Gothic Nasks (see Dk. VIII, Chap. I, 9).
■ The third and fourth of the Hadha-mathric Nasks (ibid. 10).
* The fifth of the Legal Nasks (ibid, i j).
^ The three sacred formulas, Yathd-ahft-vairyd, Ashem-vob^
Selections of Zad-Sparam. 403
accomplished (ikk^rdo), are twenty-one; and the Nasks are twenty-one,
5. Then the G&thas are apportioned into 278^
stanzas (v^^6std); and the Nasks also into 278
categories, every single category having borne a
form like a single verse *, as regards how much and
how anything good is indicated, such as the PatkAr-
ra/Zistdn^ in which what is legally disputable is
reported (p^^/dkS) ; the Zdkhmistin*, by which the
penalty of assault (zdkhm) is reported ; the St6ris-
tin *, by which the sin and amount of penalty for
a wound, as regard beasts of burden and cattle, are
reported /the Arat6^rist4n •, by which battle is
reported; the PasA^-hadlrvast&n ''j by which the
customary keeping of sheep in control is reported ;
the G^Ar^Al-zarltunistin {^corn-sowing code*)^^ by
which agriculture is reported; the VaristAn®, by
which an ordeal being accomplished is reported ; and
others of a like description.
and Y6Nh£-hfit3m, with the seventeen his of the five real Gfithas, and either the Yasna of seven h&s, counted as a single item, or the Airyaman, will make up the twenty-one divisions (compare the names applied to each fargar</ of the Sii^ar, Varxtmdnsar, and Bak5 Nasks in Dk. IX).
^ See § 2 n; here the MS. has 288, by miswriting, in both occurrences of the ciphers.
• Doubtful ; the text appears to be as follows :— ko/S ra^stak6-a6 bi!b:d5 .ran m^&k ak gfih.
» See Dk. VIII, Chap. XVI.
• Equivalent to Zatamistin (ibid. Chap. XVII), see Darmesteter's suggestion (ibid. Chap. XVI, 8 n).
• Ibid. Chap. XXIV; here spelt Stdritin by mistake.
• Ibid. Chap. XXVL
^ Ibid. Chap. XXIII ; here written Pajftj-haftristan.
• Ibid. Chap. XXXI, 30-32.
• Ibid. Chap. XLII ; here written Varistin.
D d 2
404 OTHER DETAILS OF NASKS.
6. Then the Githas are apportioned into 1016^
metrical lines (g&s), and the Nasks into 1000 H&s
and Fargar/fe", and^ since the H4//dkht^ is the
priestly master (ra^6) of the Nasks, ^r«^the remedy*
(darmdn) which is a perfect statement about the
master of the resurrection, the existence of ils far-
gar^/s about the other fargar^s is therefore 1000
remedies fully combined, being the com and fodder
that are shut up (bastakd) when, over that thousand,
they supply one that is great, which in every way
protects them from hail and rain, from the wind
which is hot and that which is cold.
7. Then the G&thas are apportioned into 6666
words (m4rlk) *, and as to the Nasks, too, their own
6666 ordinances (di^/ist4n6) are therein severed.
8. And the 6666 words, which are in the G&thas, are
^ See Sis. XIII, 50 ; that this number is correct may be seen from the details given in § 2 n.
• See Dk. VIII, Chap. I, 20; here the MS. has iyfttno instead of h&t6, by miswriting.
» The sixth of the Githic Nasks (see Dk. VIII, Chap. I, 9).
* See Dk. VIII, Chap. XLV, 13, where the word used is b6sh^25.
' According to Sis. XIII, 50 the six Gdthas (including the Yasna of seven hds) contain 5567 v&^ak, 9999 mdrik, and 16,554 khiir- Jak; which enumeration makes the meaning of mirfk doubtful. In our present text, however, it must have its usual meaning of ' word,' as the number of 6666 words in the six Githas can be obtained by including the customary repetition of the first stanza of each Hi of the five real GSthas, with the text of the Airyaman and of the introductions to Yas. XXVIII, XXXV, and probably the homage formula prefixed to each Githa ; also by cgnsidering each component of a compound as a separate word, and all verbal prefixes as separable; and by counting all enclitics except -i4, in accordance with the different modes of treating -k^d and -ki. in counting the words of the Ahunavair. If the three sacred formulas were included, and the Airyaman and five homage formulas were omitted, the total would be nearly the same.
SELECTIONS OF zXdSVAKAU. 405
an indicator of iAe period from the adversary having
come to the creatures, as far as unto the end of the six
millenniums ^ — each millennium being ten centuries
— ^which amount to 60 single centuries — a century
being ten tens ^ — ^and up to the time when its ® cold
and distress arrive, which become awful ; the 600,
including the excess as far as one ten *, are years of
the 6000 years which are the words of the six
Gdthas that are the first indicator of the six
millenniums ; therefore of the 60 centuries are then
the 600 and those which are added to them (zak-t
gha/).
9. And after those 6000, which are the 6000
years, are the Airyaman* of Ashavahi^t and the
accompanying sayings (ham-v^^6) which are at the
end of the Githas; those are the 57 years of Sdshins*,
and for the sake of them, too, are the Airyaman and
from the praise of righteousness at its end to the
consecration of the Airyaman, originally 57 words
(mdrlk), because the praise of righteousness for the
Airyaman is 12, and the consecration of the Airya-
man is 21, ^the original 57 ^
^ The three millenniums during which k^zrvazzd and Aharman had nearly equal influence, and the last three millenniums during which the power of Aharman diminishes (see Bd. I, 20),
" Assuming that -5^ stands for ^ .5.
' Assuming that m(knaj, ' whose/ stands for am a tax.
* As the cipher for * one ' precedes that for ' ten,' it may possibly mean 'one less than ten,' as in the Roman IX. At any rate, 6609 years with the 57 accounted for in § 9 make up the requisite total of 6666 ; but the mode of making this number correspond with the six millenniums is not very clear.
» Yas. LIV, I.
• See Dk. Vm, Chap. XIV, 14; Bd XXX, 7.
^ The Airyaman contains 24 words, its Ashem-vohft 12, and its consecration (Yas. LIV, 2) 21 words, making altogether 57 words.
406 OTHER DETAILS OF NASKS.
DINKA^Z?.— BOOK III.
Chapter VIP. The ninth question.
1. Another apostate enquired thus: 'When there
is Mathra that is said lo be all in the words of
AAharma^^ to ZaratilLrt, whether it be in the words of
Frashdrtar and 6^Amisp*, or be in the words of VohO-
man* and the sacred beings, or be in words of theirs
published before the time of Zaratfi^t, or even after
that of Stnb *, is it to be considered by us, as to that
which is relating to us, that what is the utterance of
AAhanna2rflf to ZaratArt is only the Githic, and the
rest is composed by ZaratCi^ and his disciples from
the world, even statements due to a good inclination
for conversion (va^taklh).^'
2. The reply is that the other Mathra which is
separate from the Githas, if it be apart from the
G&thas, is still owing to the composition of the
Yath4-ah(ll-vairy6*; ^^«^/ the same separate MSlthra,
which is from a witness about ity is the evidence
with Adharmas:^/ himself in vigorous omniscience
and composition, and not owing to the knowledge of
mankind, which shall not attain even to an atom of
the atoms thereof. 3. The arising of the MSthra,
through the speaking of many voices, is not all the
speaking of Aiiharma^^ to Zaratii^t through those
^ According to Peshotan's notation ; the text followed is that of
the MS. B, written a.d. 1659.
» See Dk. VIII, Chap. XXXVIII, 68.
• This seems a more likely reading than * H6m ' for the im- perfect word ^'r».
* See Chap. CXCVII, 6 n. » See Dk. VIII, Chap. I, 7 n.
d!nkaju), book in. 407
voices, but the speaking of several separately, through
which the speaking of the voice would be evidently
that of AinYidLrmaizd \ that is this Mathra. 4.. And
just as the speaking forth of ZaratArt and other
good men, as well as evil ones, likewise 0/ those who
are demons, even as far as the evil spirit, is stated
by Adharma^rf in public, that statement would
become even that of the evil spirit and demons, and
the MSthra and Law against the demons would
likewise become spoken by the demons. 5. And the
Mathra is all confided by AOharma^a? to Zaratti^t
through many voices, being an avowal of Afiharmasfrf
to ZaratArt, and an existence which is not incon-
sistent (han-b^shin) ; just as the Githas, which
even you admit to be, as a whole, confided by
AAharmaar^jf to ZaratArt, are spoken through the
voice of ZaratA^t, be they through the voices of the
archangels, be they through the voice of G65-aftrvanS
or be they through the voices of other sacred beings,
to all they are spoken by AAharmaar^ to Zaratfl^t,
and are not inconsistent 6. But owing to the dis-
position of an apostate there is a longing scrutiny
about his own statements, and evil-thinking scrutiny
about the statements protecting the spiritual lord.
Chapter CLXI.
I. About one supremely^ acquainted with the
three ^ codes (diflf6) of the Masr^a-worshipping
religion there is this: — One supremely acquainted
