1 2. This, too, that the sagacious creativeness (far'- ^^nak dahlh) of Adh^rrmzd is taught, which is
» See Pahl. Yas. XLIII, i e. » Ibid. 2 b. • Ibid, a d. * Ibid. 6 c.
Chapter Lix, 8- 1 6. 363
the exposition, to AHh^rmsLzd \ of the production of
the renovation; even for this reason, because the
advantage of the sagacity of AAharma^^ is the con-
sequence of its beginning, and z^s middle is through
the power of the goodness and knowledge of him
himself, and because ii is destiny as regards the
creations ; and whoever possesses that power for
the assistance of the renovation, is extolled for that
sagacity, and people are taught thereby. 1 3. This,
too, that the reward of Zaratiirt is appropriated by
him who decides about duty and opinion * ; even for
this reason, because, through that discrimination, he
is similar to Zaratii^.
14. This, too, that the recitation of revelation is
performed for mankind by him who extends the
propagation of the religion ^ ; even for this reason,
because, owing to the gratification of virtuous prac-
tisers, virtue increases. 15. This, too, that the
religion of AAharmasr^ is made progpressive ^ by him
who shall perform the ceremonial of AAharmasrrf;
even for this reason, because through that perform-
ance of his occurs the blessing of the provider of the
rite (nlranglntfl^Ar). 16. This, too, that that per-
fectly righteous man of just judgment is protected
from the annoying spirit * by him who possesses the
resemblance (AngAnaglh) unto VohAman that they
behold and resources through virtue ; even for this
reason, because the vexation which is partaken by
him {the spirit), owing to the just judgment among
those of the nature (ilharlk^n) of mankind, is re-
doubled (d6kdnl-alt6) by their pleasure owing to
the VohAmanic resemblance, and the annoying spirit
* See Pahl. Yas. XLIII, 8 b. « Ibid 17 c.
» Ibid. 15 d, 17 c. * Ibid, u e.
364 i){NKAia>, BOOK IX.
is disabled (akirt-h6nd)^ by that accumulated vexation which occurs for his annoyance.
1 7. This, too, that the exploits of the archangels
are taught by him who is really capable in what
pertains to the archangels ; even for this reason,
because they become the hope of a consoling
(v^flfvar) end, and are also indicative of the renova-
tion of the universe, the hope of a virtuous end.
18. This, too, that the words of him who is ZaratCl^
that 'people shall become supplicant,' are taught by
him who is for the benefiters ; even for this reason,
because they who are benefiters, on account of an
inclination for the religion, make others eager for
the religion, and make them mount for prayer.
19. And this, too, that by him who gives anything
to a righteous man, this is also done that some one
else may give even to him who is vile ; even for this
reason, because a foundation of liberality is thereby
prepared for him ^.
20. Perfect righteousness is excellence.
Chapter LX. BakS Nask.
I. The fourteenth fargar^?, A^-fravakhshy4^
is that whatever is instruction is to be listened to *
here as much as is possible, and he who is not to be
^ The Piz. equivalent of akdrth-hdmand.
'^ Implying that he is himself vile who gives to the righteous merely to induce others to give to himself.
' See Chap. XV, in; it is here written a</-fravakhsh6 in Pahlavi.
* See Pahl. Yas. XLI V, i a.
Chapter Lix, 1 7-Lx, 4. 365
taught is allowed an opportunity far listening by ZaratA^t
2. This, too, that by him who would be a causer
of procreation for performers of labour, the perfect
nature of the performance of the first next-of-kin
marriage ^ is praised ; because causing the procrea-
tion of performers of labour is the fatherhood of
mankind, the proper fatherhood of mankind is
through the proper production of progeny, the
proper progeny of the producer is through the
accomplishment of progeny among his own, accord-
ing to the disposition of the first creatures, and
the accomplishment of progeny among one's own
is next-of-kin marriage ; and that which occurSy
when a causer of the procreation of performers
of labour praises the fatherhood of mankind, is
that next-of-kin marriage is also praised by him.
3. This, too, that by him whose creatures are in
virtue, owing to his virtuous nourishment of the
creatures, the performance of next-of-kin marriage ^
is taught, and the virtue is his virtue ; even on this
account, because, for the sake of keeping the crea-
tures in virtue, he allows {^rxAdztd^ for the vir-
tuous disposition pertaining to the multitude, and
that which is bom he produces (dah^^o) as lineage
from the next-of-kin marriage pertaining to the mul-
titude.
4. This, too, that Spendarma^ is in daughterhood '
to AOharma-^^ is taught by him whose wisdom is
through complete mindfulness ; even for this reason,
1 See Pahl. Yas. XLIV, 4 a.
* Ibid. 4 c. §§ 2-5 have been already translated, somewhat diflferently, in S. B. E., vol. xviii, pp. 395, 396.
' Ibid. 4d. For Spendarma^/ see Bk.VIII, Chap. IX, 3.
366 DtNKAJU), BOOK IX.
because his wisdom and complete mindfulness are
within limits which are AAharmas^/ and Spendarma^,
the wisdom being that of AAharma^//, the complete
mindfulness that of Spendarmarf, and the complete
mindfulness being the offspring of the wisdom just
as Spendarma// is of Aftharma^^/; and, owing to
this, the assertion is reasonable that, by him whose
complete mindfulness is connected with wisdom, it
is taught that Spendarma^ is in daughterhood to
Afiharma&fl?. 5. This, too, that thus the exercise
of that daughterhood is taught by him whose right-
eousness is through complete mindfulness, and whose
ceremonial is also through complete mindfulness ;
that is, he shall perform the ceremonial and other
good works fully mindfully.
6. This, too, that mankind are attracted to re-
ligious good deeds by him who shall provide benefit
for the people through actions and words ; even for
this reason, because those actions are religious good
deeds^ and, when instituted by him, others are also
taught by him. 7. This, too, that reverence for
VohAman^ is taught by him who shall make that
v/hich is contaminated obvious to the eye, so that
what is dark becomes light; even for this reason,
because the display of the work of Vohftman thereby
has also taught the offer of reverence for VohAman.
8. And this, too, that the ceremonial is taught with
complete mindfulness* only by hint who teaches
words and actions with complete mindfulness.
9. Perfect righteousness is excellence.
» See Pahl. Yas. XLIV, 9 e. * Ibid. 10 a.
Chapter Lx, 5-Lxi, 4. 367
Chapter LXI. Bako Nask.
1. The fifteenth fargar^/, Kamnama^zaS is about
the reply of Afthanna^fl^ to Zaratftrt, as to that which
was asked by him thus : * To which lands do I step ^ ? *
and it is thus: 'Do thou march (saglt6n) there
where the man, in whose person righteousness is
connected with complete mindfulness, is welcome;
this, too, is where happy is he from whom there is
no complaint/
2. This, too, that mankind are made diligent in
good works by him who produces progress for good
works ; even for this reason, because mankind attain
progress in manifest duty who engage more par-
ticularly in good works. 3. This, too, that the
teaching of religion is the public action which is
prescribed by him who would produce exertion for
the righteous, that is, benefit for those of the good
religion ; even for this reason, because the multitude
(kabedan) approach the religion, and are taught
and practise ity on account of a desire for benefit.
4. This, too, that it is in a province of even ex-
hausted production ^ that it is taught by him who
appoints a virtuous governor over the province ;
even for this reason, because a virtuous governor of
a province becomes a teacher of ability and good
works to those of the province.
* See Chap. XVI, in; it is here written k&mnam/«6 in Pahlavi.
* See Pahl. Yas, XLV, i a; reading va/ ka^&r damfkdn vamam (=g&mam, see Chap. LVlII, 4),
' IWd. 4 b.
368 DtNKA^D, BOOK IX.
5. This, too, that the good protection of fire ^ is
taught by him whose words are through VohAman,
and who also would provide a time for the ordeal
of that which is doubtful ; even for this reason,
because he whose words are utterable through Vo-
htiman, and who would provide a time for the
ordeal of that which is doubtful, teaches the pro-
vision of care for the operative fire, owing to that
which occurs when what is accomplished, about one
acquitted or convicted by the fire, is declared, and
mankind shall provide more particularly for the
brilliancy of the fire, and the wicked more yj?r assist-
ance and protection from it
6. This, too, that whoever shall provide about
him who liberally gives ^/V»self in discipleship * unto
the priests, has thereby taught even by the mention
of the high-priest ; even for this reason, because the
person being given in discipleship unto the priests,
the religion practised by the high-priest arises also
for mention, and whoever shall provide generosity
for that person, has increased and also taught that
action, which is religion, even by the mention made.
7. This, too, that men and women* are taught as
being given in discipleship * to Zaratii^t by him who
keeps his own males and females in the control of
ZaratArt. 8. This, too, that goodness is taught by
him to those (v aim an) who are good, so that they
produce it who give to that righteous one the worthi-
ness which is through that wealth ; the righteous
one who is worthy is one of the good religion for
whose production of the worthiness which is through
that wealth it is sought, and that wealth which is
^ See Pahl. Yas. XLV, 7 c. ' Ibid. 9 d.
' Ibid. 10 a. * Ibid. 10 b.
Chapter Lxi, 5-I3. 369
coveted is wealth of little trouble and much ad-
vantage, through the goodness and idea of virtue
of the giver to the account of him who is the ac-
cepter of the good worthiness. 9. This, too, that
through his Alnva^/ passage (A'ii-vi^/arg) it is
taught that they shall step forth (frdv&mdnd)^;
and by him who goes on through anything (k\s)
openly, when he hds proceeded publicly on the right
path, one passed away on the ATinva^ passage is
taught.
ID. This, too, that by him whose ceremonial is
through complete mindfulness it is taught that the
world produces abundance through complete mind-
fulness * ; even for this reason, because it is taught
by him, through that disposition of his for the
sacred beings (pavan zak-1 valman ya^^dnS
khtm), that the developed world is shown to be
theirs; and here below it is fully taught by him,
that Khftrdafl? and AmArda^'* — that is, the sacred
beings — produce // for the benefiters. 11. This,
too, that thus he who is wicked, even he who is
privileged, becomes unprivileged at that time when
every one understands, that is, when righteousness
is aloft. 12. This, too, that when he who is pri-
vileged is VlrtAsp *, likewise he who is privileged is
the righteous Zaratd^t *, and so he who is the wicked
Ar^sp • is unprivileged.
1 3. This, too, that creation is taught by him to
* See Pahl. Yas. XLV, 10 e, and Bk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 8.
* Ibid. 12 c. » See Chap. XIX, i.
* See Pahl. Yas. XLV, 13 e.
* See Bk. VIII, Chap. XI, 4.
[37] B b
370 pInkajz/), book jx.
AAharmajsro?, so that he creates, and this, too, that
the archangels are taught by his will, whose con-
tentment ^ is through that of the archangels, so that
he observes the conclusion in the affairs of the
archangels. 14. And this, too, that wisdom is
taught to him who is Zaratfk^t — ^so that it becomes
his — by him whose thoughts are for Zaratftrt * and
for the religion of ZaratA^t.
1 5. Perfect is the excellence of righteousness*
Chapter LXII. Bako Nask.
.1. The sixteenth fargar^, Spe^^tA-mainyd ', is that
the religion is lodging in him who is himself wise, or
becomes a hearer of the wise. 2. This, too, that the
deeds of complete mindfulness are practised* and
taught by him who becomes himself completely
mindful. 3. This, too, that whoever shall openly
perform good works becomes a nourisher of good
works.
4. This, too, that the spirit of fatherhood be-
comes lodging in him who nourishes the creatures
with propriety*. 5. This, too, that pasture is given®
to cattle is taught by him who shall provide csLV^for
cattle, because the giving of pasture to them with
care is advantageous.
6. This, too, that all for his good who becomes a benefit to him who is good'' — through that which
