28o bIsKARV, book IX.
is more beloved than righteousness ; even the
sovereignty is a scanty shelter, among the existences,
from those whose command is villanous, when they
produce iAai which is vicious and deliver their pupils
(4m6khtag&n6) to that which is iAeir end {afddm),
to the fiendish abode ^
20. And here, too, about the praise of the family
of the FryAnaks * it speaks thus : ' Righteousness
comes up, O Spltimin ! from the descendants and
posterity of TArAn ; when extracted by the Fryinaks
ii is stated ^ just as though it were by Tftrin ; through
the assistance of complete mindfulness they develope
the world * of righteousness and produce distress for
the fiend ; they likewise think about it with Good
Thought, O Zarat6^ ! and thou shouldst bring
forth {zkyts) their gratification * from us, who are
archangels, by words, that is, do thou demand it!
2 1 . This, too, is said, namely : * This liberality
which is for thee is for us who are archangels ; by
him who shall provide liberality for thee •, it is
provided for us.' 22. About the praise of Vi^isp
there is this, too, namely : * Kal-Virt4sp ^ has pro-
pitiated thee, among the existences, by liberal
giving ; that Vij^tAsp, whose coming forth to thee in
distress is through the reign of VohOman, has de-
veloped the material world of righteousness ; thou
* See Pahl. Yas. XLV, 1 1 e.
• A Tiirdnian family of Mast/a-worshippers, of whom Ydixta is specially mentioned in the Avesta (see Bk. VIII, Chap. XIII, 18 n) ; and it appears from Dd. XC, 3 that Ashem-yahm&i-orta of Yt. XIII, 1 20 was another member of the same family.
» SeePahLYas. XLV, lab.
* Ibid. 12 c, and compare § 6.
• Ibid. 12 d, e» • Ibid. 13 a. ' See Bk. VIII, Chaps. XI, i, XIII, 15.
Chapter Xxxix, 20-27, 28 1
shouldst think of him, the good companion, O Zax^-
tUst ! the pure friend who is Kal-Viitisp * ; such is
that Kal-Virtclsp, the active, who, when he praises
the religion, is attracting fellow-dwellers and converts
/Aef«, that is, he brings them on to the religion V
23. About attracting the SpltAmas to the religion
iAere is this, too, namely : ' Thou shouldst speak
thus to the Splt4mas : *' Praise righteousness with
much homage about eV mentally ; and a concession
is to be discriminated by you, as well as whatever is
no concession ; even for those deeds 0/ yours right-
eousness is the reward given unto you, that reward
which is much given by Aflharmas:^ '." ' 24. About
the place of the four marvels produced by Atihar-
mdizd in yonder world: there where is the reign of
Voh(iman *, there where is the hospitality of Afthar-
msizd *, there where religion is along with complete
mindfulness ®, and there where are the souls of the
liberal ''.
25. About advice to Zaratiirt as to speech, made
for mankind, which is proportionate— abandoning
want of proportion — which is an appropriation of
liberality with humility and a wise proportion ' for
good works. 26. This, too, namely : * To him who
gives himself mentally up to thee in discipleship,
thou also shouldst give up the best which thou hast
to give of thine own ; and thou shouldst give wealth
to him who shall give wealth to thee®, because so
thy soul would be perfect, O righteous Zarattirt !
when it shall act thus/ 27. This, too : * Thou
» See Pahl. Yas. XL V, 1 3 e. » Ibid. 1 4 c, d. » Ibid. 1 5 b, c, d.
* Ibid. 16 d. • Ibid. 16 e. • Ibid. 16 c.
^ Ibid. 16 a* * Ibid. 17 a, b, c, e. ' Ibid. 18 a, b, c.
282 dInKAJU), book IX.
shouldst select this religion of mine with wisdom and
also with thought ^.' 28. This, too, that as to him
who has to act with the freedom from effort (/^p^si- I
tftnaglh) of righteousness * and owing to //, for the I
good works done by him the gift is good. 29. This,
too, that whoever seeks by good works, and seeks
good works by innocence, obtains freedom from
harm (^i-nAslh); and whoever is liberal to the \
sacred beings' is free from destruction (^nasln i^nft), I
owing to the liberality of the sacred beings. 30. A nd
this, too, namely : * These are the rewards I am
aware of*, which have been, which still are, and
which ever mill be/
31. Perfect excellence is righteousness.
Chapter XL. Varstmdnsar NasL
I. The seventeenth fargar^, Spe;*t&-mainy<i*, is
about this, that A6harma8r^ produced the creatures
through wisdom, and maintains them in truth. 2.
This, too, that the best thing • for every one is
thought in a high-priest who is the tongue of a
spiritual lord "^ ; in a high-priest, who has to maintain
thought, no appliances of the body are to lie unto
the spiritual lord on account of affection for the
' SeePahl.Yas. XLV,i8e.
' Ibid. 19 a. All but the last syllable of ap6sitiinagih is written by the repairer of the MS. on one of his patches, but the word is a strange equivalent for Av. haithtm.
' Ibid. i9d. * Ibid. 19 e.
" See Chap. XVII, i n; it is here written s^end-mat6 in Pahlavi, and is called the i8th fargaref by mistake.
• See Pahl. Yas. XLVI, 2 a. '' Ibid. 2 b.
Chapter Xxxix, 28~Xl, Ii. 283
worldly existence. 3. Also that the spiritual lord is
always true ; of the tongue — ^when he {fhe priest)
speaks falsehood with the tongue — are those words
which he does not believe through the spiritual
lord, and it is owing to this, too, when, of all the
body, the tongue first dies. 4. * I say unto thee, O
Spttdm&n ! that thou shouldst speak with the tongue
just as thou thinkest with the mind, and thou
shouldst accomplish work with both hands in com-
plete mindfulness ^' 5. And this, too, that he who
shall act thus is sagacious, and he is the father of
righteousness through wisdom *; and whoever would
do that which has happened, thoroughly observes it
on account of that which has not happened. 6. Also
this, that in the person of him who shall do that
which he understands, and asks again about that
which he does not understand, the propitious spirit
(t/* wisdom is lodging.
7. About cattle being produced for the assistance
of mankind, and the pastures of pleasure for the
assistance of cattle '. 8. This, too, that the arch-
angels injure the evil demon and wicked people, but
they do not injure righteous people * and the sage.
9. This, too, is saidy namely : * In scanty opulence
do not murmur (a/ mang) owing to good works*,
and thus in great opulence much good work arises.'
10. This, too, that beneficence gives all to the good,
and it is no further the villain whom the sacred
beings maintain •.
II. About the tongue of a true speaker being given for the satisfying (vi^&ri^nS) of disputants,
' See Pahl. Yas. XLVI, 2 c. « Ibid. 2 d. « Ibid. 3 c.
^ Ibid. 4 a, b. ^ Ibid. 4 c. ' Ibid. 5 b, c.
284 DtNKAiJD, BOOK IX. ^
and for declaring who is acquitted or incriminated ;
and the ordeal that is a demonstrator, to acquit or
convict, which he whose tongue is truthful has
accepted — and it shall make his statement current — i
has developed its jurisdiction in the world, and |
diminished distress. 12. And this, too, ts said, that 1
he gives out fire for disputes, so that it may make '
manifest the acquitted and incriminated, when he in {
whom are his immense complete mindfulness, and
also righteousness, is guardian of the ordeal ; and,
when many inspect it, that which is the ritual of the
ordeal believes them wicked K
1 3. Perfect is the excellence of righteousness.
Chapter XLI. Varstntdnsar Nask.
I. The eighteenth fargar^, Y6zt*, is about the
existence of certain and doubtful evidence and in-
dication as to the future existence^ arising. 2. About
the great dignity of the spirit of good works, and
that also of the person doing good works through
the lodgment of that spirit in him. 3. This, too,
that they praise, recount, and practise the religion
of Ma^flfa-worship at the time of the renovation of
the^ universe, that of which the demons through
deceitfulness, and then also wicked mankind deceived
by those who are demons, have said that it does not
occur *•
^ See Pahl. Yas. XLVI, 6 b, c, d.
• See Chap. XVIII, in; it is here called the 19th fargar^ by
mistake in the MS.
» See Pahl. Yas. XLVII, i a. * Ibid, i b.
CHAPTER XL, 1 2-XLI, lO. 285
9. About enquiring of him who is acquainted
with religion ancf a wise priest concerning the reli-
gion, and hearing of it from him ^ ; also well under-
standing it through wisdom. 10. About abstaining
^ See Bk. VIII, Chaps. XI, i, XIII, 15. « See Bk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 12.
* A title of P6shy6tan<i, son of king Vijtdsp, who remains im- mortal as chief high-priest of Kangde;?, whence he is expected to come to restore the religious rites in Mn and the rest of the world (see Bd. XXIX, 5, Byt. Ill, 25-32, 36-38, 41, 42, 5', 52).
* See Bk. VIII, Chap. XIV, 13. ^ Ibid. 14.
* See Pahl. Yas. XLVII, 3 a, b.
286 DtNKAJ^D, BOOK IX.
from the secret proceedings (nlhin-h6m6ndth) of
a deceitful and seductive apostate ^ ii. This, too,
is said, namely : * Thou shouldst also not fall into
the downcast imprisonment (nikAn alaklh) through
the teaching they deceive, where they thus mislead
thee to the downcast imprisonment which is helL'
16. This, too, that the food and maintenance of
the priests depend upon the husbandmen •. 1 7. This,
too, that coveted is now the pleasure and strength
of mankind due to the cattle of Khftrda// and
^ See Pahl. Yas. XLVII, 3 c.
' The use of 6 for & sometimes occurs in MSS. from Ir&n. The word can also be read shavandagth, 'existence,' but this mean- ing is less likely.
» See Bk. VIII, Chap. IX, 3 n.
* See Pahl. Yas. XLVII, 4 c. * Ibid. 5 c.
« Ibid. 5 d.
Chapter Xli, 1 1-23. 287
Amftrda^^ 18. About the oppressiveness ^ Wrath
and Envy, and the destruction of both through
complete mindfulness and possession of Good
Thought ^ 19. And this is said, namely : ' I made
the religion of righteousness a combining desire
(v6yak-! him-dahi^no^), and all mankind's own
selves are to be forced into that desire ; also its in-
voluntary seeking of immortality is the reign of the
will of all mankind, and advantage always arises
from it */ 20. This, too, that the care of catde is
reverence of AtAi^Lrm^izd^.
21. About the progress ® of righteousness there is
this, too, that that greatness * is generated therefrom,
and its seekers — who are human beings — have de-
manded the supreme predominance in the best
existence. 22. About the praise of the period of
the renovation of the universe there is this, too, that,
at that time, those who are doubtful about it are all
disclosed to publicity^; also the last reward and
bridge judgment of the worthy. 23. About the
lawfulness of that which occurs through the destruc-
tion by VohOman •, who is himself the spiritual lord
of the arrangement, there is this, too, that the wicked,
» See Pahl. Yas. XLVII, 6 a, b; also Chap. XIX, i.
" Ibid. 7 a, b.
* Ibid. 8 a. » Ibid. 8 b.
• Perhaps these two words, rfibdkth, 'progress,' and rabdth, ' greatness,' should be alike, but it is doubtful which is correct.
^ See Pahl. Yas. XLVII, 9 b. « Ibid. 9 c.
288 DtNKARD, BOOK IX.
at that time, become aware of their own wickedness,
when their bodies are dissipated. 24. About the
destruction of the good works of the wicked, also
that of their own souls, that of their spiritual exist-
ences, and that oi their material bodies^. 25. And
this, too, that at the time of the renovation of the
universe occurs the approach of the wisdom of our \
sovereignty to that of the best of mankind, and that \
glory is put on by it through which the destruction i
of the bad and the development of the good arise ;
also the sagacity which exists in Vohdman extends
to those who are its friends *.
26. This, too, that there are those who are ex-
tenders of the days, and they are beneficial in the
country ' ; and their custom, where they have arisen,
is an opponent of him who is a wrathful person*.
27. And this, too, that they shall thereupon excite
(IdlA vadidOnind) a brother and sister with
mutual desire, so that they shall form a next-of-kin
marriage with unanimity; and before midday they
generate a sublime radiance, centred in the face, and
trembling passion ^, and they make the radiance grow
up, openly manifest, to an altitude of the height of
three spears of the length ^ three reeds each^; and
