^l^llT^ M"''^' ''"' '' '« possibly a contracted fonn of aytfwako, 'gam.
»JiI!*'7"^ allowable to omit this word, &yfirnak6 « variety'
1 W-:rb:'fr.' ^^^'^r^^^-.' *« -tence would^und
or Cr./-7w " V t ^'" °^ * sequestrator as regards a sheep
duration of a^,7-;^jf' ^J?-/- ^alf a year. W when /.r the text as it stands in the MS. "^""^ "°'^ intelligible than the
Chapter Xxxix, 1 6-2 3. 1 35
road, and the ground is hard, how it is when it is
one finger-dread^A below, and how it is when // is
two hnger-dreadiAs / as well as (ham-gftn) when the
ground is soft, how it is when it is two finger-
breadths below, and how it is when it is three finger-
breadtks, 1 9. When it is found within the road, and
the ground is hard, how it is when it is two finger-
breadths below, and how it is when it is three finger-
breadths; and when the ground is soft, how it is
when it is three finger-breadtAs below^ and how it is
when it is four firxger-breadths. 20. When it is in
an ascent or descent, there where one turns out from
the road, and the ground is hard, how it is when it
is below up to the instep \ and how it is when it is
up to the middle of the leg (patl^tin)^; andifsoit^
how it is when it is below up to the middle of the
leg, and how it is when it is up to the knee. 2 1 . When
it is in a stream of water, and the ground is hard,
how it is when it is below up to the knee, and how
it is when it is up to mid-thigh ; and when the
ground is soft, how it is when it is below up to mid-
thigh, and how it is when it is up to the testicles.
22. When it is in a ford through the water, and the
ground is hard, how it is when it is below up to the
testicles, and how it is wh^n it is up to the navel ;
and when the ground is soft, how it is when it is
below up to the navel, and how it is when it is up to
the mouth. 23. And when it is in a kitchen (4^-
kh4n6), the middle of a garden (van), <?r a sheep-
fold (p4h-hast6); that is, how it is when it is not
a permanent residence (afr^^-m^ni^nS) of any-
^ Supposing that Pdz. 4ava^ is intended for &frapa</. ' That is, up to the shin.
136 DtNKAiU), BOOK VHI.
body, and how it is when it is a permanent resi- dence ^.
24. About him who nourishes a sheep which is
seized ; that is, how it is when it is out of his store,
and how it is when he nourishes it as it arrives*
25. About a dispute as regards a sheep that is seized,
when on^ person says it was born of the colour of the
mother, and another one says it was of her form *,
both being true; or one person mentions a single
characteristic truly, and another one mentions many
characteristics of it untruly; the cases when they
mention its peculiarities otherwise, and in what
manner; and whatever is on the same subject.
26. About a sheep ^ seized, which has to pass on
through the loftiest places in which there is lawfully
shelter ; and how there are three years, three exist*
ences (ahv6n), three places, nine occasions, and also
many other regulations on the same subject
Chapter XL. SakdMm Nask.
I. One section is the Zly^nakistin {^ code of the
injured'), about anything which is animate — and
that which is inanimate — injured through lawfully
living, giving, receiving, or delivering back ; the duty
of protection and care for both kinds ; the nourish-
>■ t • ■ ' . ■ I ■■ ■ , , ,
* The utility of these minute details was probably to determine how long the treasure had been buried, and for what purpose, and whether there was any possibility of the rightful owner being still alive.
' Reading darand-t denman.
' Supposing that p6s stands for p&h.
Chapter Xxxix, 24~Xl, 5. 1 37
ment, extension, sustentation, stimulation, establish-
ment, consolation, and also gratification of an animate
being ; and the retribution for sin due to unlawful-
ness as regards the same matters.
2, About an example of a damaged gift, in the
case when one gives the thing to a poor (ga^fik)
person at an appointed time, and when at one unap-
pointed ; and in the case when one gives him an
increase, where and what is the increase. 3. A de-
cision about a shepherd when they shall bring him
back an animal^, when damaged, before its subdi-
vision; what he obtains for the damaged animal
when not delivered back at the time of subdivision ;
when the duty about it is dictated by a religious
man, and when he keeps it in his own possession.
4. About property which is inanimate, whose sub-
divisions, each separately, when one keeps them in
use^ and when in reserve (arm6^t6), are greater
and less in value ; that is, through so much effecting
of penance (az/4kan^i^n6) worthily, or through so
much bringing of interest; and the capital is the
same in value, the increase being the growth of
dividends.
5. About the reason why the sin of an injured
person becomes innocent through not delivering back
a damaged article^; and many opinions, on the
same subject, are provided for our benefit.
* Probably one sold by him to a butcher.
* For trading, or pious purposes.
' Suffering wrongs without complaint being meritorious.
138 DtNKA/JD, BOOK VIII.
Chapter XLI. SakddUm Nask.
I. One section of the last twenty-two is the
Vakhshistin {^increase code\ particulars about
the progress of increase. 2. About atonement,
surrender, and compensation y5?r anything, through
dispelling it by compensating, atoning, ^^«fl? surrender-
ing to him whose own it is ; the period thereof not
being appointed. 3. When he, whose origination of
compensation, atonement, and surrender is his own,
has appointed the period thereof, the growing of the
sin actively, after the appointed time, is increase.
4. About increase^ which is active (kar^/ak6),
and that which is existent (zlstakS) ; how it is when
the existent becomes quite active, and how it is
when both are suppressed (arm65t!-a!t). 5. About
the extraction of increase upon increases which they
may occasion up to an equality ; where and which it
is. 6. About a righteous gift ; that is, how it is
when overwhelmed by impoverishment, and how it
is when its increase still proceeds.
7. About the progress of interest (vakhsh)
upon effective wealth, when there is interest for it,
and the interest thereon accumulates ; also that
which does not progress ; how it is when the debtor
(iz/dm-h6m6nd), even on bringing back the wealth,
is opulent, and the lender (^z/im naf^man) is opu-
lent on asking for it; how it is when each is not
opulent, and the debtor was not opulent on asking
for it; and how it is when the lender {dv^m Vhvts)
^ As this word is written vakhs(=nas) it is doubtful whether vakhsh, * increase,' or vinds, 'sin,' is intended; and the context is insufficient to solve the doubt.
Chapter Xli, I-I4. 1 39
is opulent on asking for it^ and the debtor is not opulent through the wealth.
8. About where and when the life (zlstanS) of
the lender has once passed away, how ii is when tke
loan is to be issued anew at the end of the issue
(zihl^no), and how it is when it has existed in force,
through the one issue by the deceased, and the in-
terest accrues. 9. When the debtor passes away,
how it is when he puts the interest into the property
of any one through adoption, and how it is when it is
the interest of the possessor of the wealth in both
worlds.
10. About the peculiarity of retribution, the self-
retribution of one liable to retribution for others, and
the limit of one's own retribution. 1 1 . About the
penalty (t&vdn) of him who, purchasing animals for
impregnation, gives each a bad male ; when they are
not pregnant, and when they may produce; and
whatever is on the same subject. 12. About the
time of allowing the admission of the male to the
beast ^burden, sheep, and camel, and the time of
consignment to each separate male for whom recep-
tion remains ; the case when it is the time for ad-
mission of the male (gft^n-hillh), and the case when
it is such a consignment as when the period, which
is really originating with the admission of the male,
has continued. 1 3. When, on account of no consign-
ment to the male at the proper time, the female goes
on unimpregnated, and there is no pregnancy of the
cow, mare, camel, sheep, goat, or pig, each separately,
how much the penalty is ; also the sin they commit.
14. About the camel, mare, cow, or sheep, unto
whom there is damaged milk, void of butter (akarag),
owing to the appointed time one postpones; also the
140 DtNKAlU), BOOK VIIT.
average and least milk of the mare, cow, goat, and
sheep, that is, the measure of their one milking,
each separately. 15. About the camel, that is, how
much is its production of hair in a year, and the
extent that the camel is surpassing therein among
cattle ; of them is also the ass that they allow to be
seized upon for as much value as that ^the oxen,
and the mode of beating them up. t6. Where and
how it is when the females of the camel and horse are
a multiplying (afz6n6) tending'to dissatisfaction ; the
increase even of increases of the ox, sheep, and goat
progresses, and of them how much less is the multi-
plying of the female — which is an increase of in-
creases tending to dissatisfaction, where it is extending
over them — to be produced than that of the male.
17. The camel which is injured on the road,
beyond the end of the appointed time, when they
keep it at work unlawfully and the road is bad,
when at work unlawfully and the road is good, and
when comfortable at pasture, where seizing upon it
becomes tending to dissatisfaction in several ways,
and they are severally buying it when really invigo-
rated \ or at a price.
18. For how much increase of increases he stands
up who is buying also an invigorated dog, or pig, at
a price ; and when it is that the increase and increase
of increases remain undeveloped in them, as it does
whenever property, on which the interest of the
residue and income accumulates, is still for the chil-
dren of the well-destined.
mucraike ' " ™ ^^'^P" ^^ S8. the Av. . g and . s being
Chapter Xli, 1 5-26. !4i
1 9. About him whose supplies some one Is silently
(agopo) buying up, and the seller and important
holder is quite bereaved, so that the bereaver has
plenty for one deprived of food on a summer s day,
and plenty for him wh"o is so also on a winter s day
(dim-ii^lk); also the supplying of mankind and fire
lawfully, in the beginning, for a summer s day and
night, and that for a winters one^ 20. About
clothing when it is that which OTie strips off for dona-
tion. 21. About the penalty for a first deprival of
food, and the sin of it ; also the penalty of the
second and third, up to the tenth.
22. About a plaint and defence as regards a debt
and its interest, and the decision thereon ; also how
it is when, for keeping up the repayment, debts
upon debts are cancelled so far as the continuance
of interest; and whatever is on the same subject.
23. About the uselessness of supplies which are not
authorised by the religion. 24. About buying a
slaughtered ^ sheep when the seller is bereaved by
the delivery ; also to how many sheep, in the two
previous years, the increase and increase of increases
thereof Ai^ specially to attain, 25. About where and
what is that which would not conduce to increase,
and what is that which would. 26. About the
special sin and offence, the use of the milk, heart ',
and wool, the spreading about which tends to dis-
satisfaction, the increase of increases, and the good
* See Farh. Oim, p. 38, 11. 4-8, and compare Chap. XXXVIII,
* Reading barS-zegtaliint ako, which word has been corrupted
bj the repairer of the MS. ' Reading dil, but the word can also be read sar, 'head.'
142 BiNKARDy BOOK VIII.
figure of any one sheep, and the regulation of every one.
27. About how the debtor Aas to announce the
nature of the loan, which the lender, through irrita-
tion, does not approve ; and, when the debtor has
provided for a triple issue, when for a double issue,
and even when he has for a single issue, the first
year \sfree from begging his own time. 28. About
the debtor and what ^ he repays, when each year is
announced and he does not assent ; and how it
happens, as regards the debtor, through many repay-
ments, and all the postponements of the lender ^
29. About causing the confiscation (piaflr&ngarlh)
of a human being (gerplh)*, and its cessation * owing
to worldly work, where it is for one month, or^ thence
onwards, for a second, a third, a sixth, a ninth, or
a year at worldly work, and where it is regarding
several human beings ; the production of gain which
accrues upon that single human being ; and what-
ever is on the same subject 30. About the confis-
cation of a cloak (gudid) in the winter, and of a
skin-bag for holding water (ma^ko-t dvd^no) in
the summer ; about whom they are appertaining to,
on the passing by of the first ten nights, where it is
after the bringing out of the cloak at the beginning
of winter, and of the water-skin at the beginning of
summer ; or prior to the length of a month previous.
