35. About the greatness of eminence ^the abode of priestly authorities (ra^dnd), both for procedure
CHAPtER XXXVII, 26-43. 119
and for petitions * ; the openness of the doors of a
priestly authority ; the want of eminence of any one
through every kind of offence to others, which is
owing to his closed doors and evil eminence in every
mode ; and whatever is on the same subject 36.
About the extent of splendour (l!ydn6) and pomp-
diffusing (vafsh-afg4n6) tokens from the abode of
fires, and the arrangement as regards him who casts
the allotted twigs and charcoal (khir akhgar) into
them. 37. About conveying prosperity (paflflkhiilh) '
to the abode of fires appropriately to the capability
of every one.
38. About the quality (sim4n) of water oozing
out (alrt^d) and that which is flowing in a channel
(nd6v-t4k). 39. About the characteristics of speci-
fied works which are contiguous in a place between
two frontiers (mar '2: 6).
40. About a decision as to a sheep free from
unlawful influence — ^and so also as to one under un-
lawful influence — which goes to the pasture of others
with thievish intention, neglecting its own ; and as to
that which does so not with thievish intention. 41.
About the quantity which one has to provide, in the
duration of a day and night, on admitting to pasture
and com, in the case of an ox without defect (an&-
gAno), or (?^ another kind, or a horse, or a sheep, or
a goat, or a pig, or an animal of any other kind.
42. About the distance of a residence of mankind
from a river flowing in a channel. 43. About the
period for letting a sheep graze at pleasure in a
pasture, and that for restraining it ; the time for not
^ These six words should, perhaps, be appended to the next
clause of the sentence.
* By providing fuel and other necessaries.
I20 DiNKAJU), BOOK VIIL
cutting trees, and that for little slaughter of sheep.
44. About an article of clothing which is associated
with defence, for fear of enemies, and becomes quite
a good omen (sukiin) among mankind, being im-
perceptible and appropriate, 45. About a tree with
stem uprooted, where and how it is allowable.
46. About a leaders causing a march of whatever
kind, the people being in motion through fear, and
they drive the sheep which are with the army on
account of molestation; also making the sheep
decide as to the pasture near to the road within
reach, the pasturing of the first of the species of
sheep, and letting them forth to pasture in succession
unto the last, and the reason of it.
47. About a person who is of note ^ on account of wealth, and whatever is on the same subject
48. About this intermixture ^j/^ with-the-stream and
against-the-stream, with banks and without banks,
and waters running and down-pouring (n!y^p4n), on
the road ; that is, which of the waters, running or
down-pouring, is to be earlier reverenced by him who
is returning from the road, and the reason of it.
49. About the subordination of the disciple unto the
priest, as to eating, drinking, and plenty, goodness
and preciousness ; and whatever is on the same
subject.
50. About that which occurs when foreigners
come to the frontier of Ir&n, and shall do damage to
Irfin ; and. the frontier governors and fellow-cham-
pions have to repel the foreigners by fighting, to
save the Irinian people and property which were
^ Reading miin sakh^nag. Another guess would be min
ntj6n-t (for nt^dn-i), in which case the translation would be *a
person/r^^ from indications relating to wealth/
Chapter Xxxvii, 44-Xxxviii, 3. 121
to be made foreign ; and whatever is on the same subject
51. About the advantage of punishing a violent
thief by the members of the assembly, that owing to
reliance upon the actions and convictions of the
ancients, that owing to forming many priestly as-
semblies, that owing to providing a disciple for a
priest, that through passing away after being high-
priest, that through doing so without being high-
priest, and that of much information on similar
statements prior to any other resources.
52, Perfect is the excellence ^righteousness.
Chapter XXXVIII.
I . One section of the first thirty of the SakAflftfm ^
contains particulars about reward by command of the
religion, the bridge judgment of the destroyers of
the well-commanding, and the provision for their
destruction. 2. About the importance of a man,
after fifteen years of age and when he has heard
that there is a law * which is good, having sought
that law 2 by having enquired about it. 3. About a
man's scrutinizing an action before doing //, when he
does not know whether it be a sin or a good work,
* Corresponding to the eig teenth word, yim, in the Ahunavair, according to B. P. Riv. ; but it is the nineteenth Nask in other Rivdyats. This name, which is here written Uke Zaki-hat-min, should probably be Z!k-a/t-tiini, meaning ' the most intimate con- cerns,' as the Nask refers chiefly to personal and family law ; but it is called Askiram, or Sakad&m, in the Riviyats, which also state that it contained fifty-two kardah, fargar^/s, or v6rast ; thus agreeing with the total of the sections mentioned in Chaps. XXXVIII, XLI.
^ It is possible to read y^datd, 'sacred being,' instead of d&^5, 'law/
122 DiNKA/U), BOOK VIII.
and when it is possible for him to set it aside and not to do it.
4. About advice as to having entered into a house
in the night by the light of ^ fire, or when one has
noticed it in this place, though he goes elsewhere ;
also the watchful destruction of an injured person,
or animal, or garment, and the retribution for the
injury. 5. About the extent of any glitter of the
sparks (zakhsh-1-1 park&n), and the width and
height of the doors of the constructed work of that
appointed place of the fire.
9. About carrying forth holy-water, or even a
cooking-pot, to a fire, where the hands are purified
and thoroughly washed ; and the sin owing to an un-
* To protect it from the demons who are supposed to be specially dangerous during the first three nights.
* Equivalent to * mid-spring butter,' the Av. maidhyd-zare- maya, ' mid-verdure,' being the season corresponding to the middle of the second Parsi month, which was early in May when the year commenced at the vernal equinox (see Bd. XXV, 6, &i).
Chapter Xxxviit, 4-I3. 1 23
purified hand, not thoroughly washed, carrying them
forth. 10. About the preservation of the cooking-
pot, and the rest of one's operations with the fire,
from defilement; but when, through want of care,
defilement occurs, by the inexperience of any one
bringing it to the fire, he who is careless is thereby
contaminated, and the cooking-pot is properly placed
in its position.
11. Arranging about properly-made bed-places
(gdsvdrakd) in a house, those for children and
those for adults ; also a decision about a case when a
carpenter (dftrgar) shall make a bed-place properly
which one's own judgment considers improperly made,
and when both consider it improperly, or when both
consider it properly made ; and more of whatever is
on the same subject.
1 2. About what is the mode of producing seeing
properly ; and^ when not seeing properly, the oculist
(di^p&n) to intrust with it is he who informs people,
who wish for it, how to extract the defect of sight ;
if not, the people go on and hurt ; also the penalty
for hurting, and whatever is on the same subject.
13. About the insubordination of those accus-
tomed to work (kdr-khOgar&n) to women and
children ; also that of a grown-up man who has been
giving no food * three times in succession ; he, too, it
is who advanced the fourth time ^, because, owing to
giving no food a fourth time, the man is he who has
to accomplish work unrestrictedly; and whatever is
on the same subject.
* See Chap. XVII, 6.
' This passage appears to refer to that quoted in Farh. Otm, p. 38, U. 8, 9; though the latter part of Chap. XLI, 19 is more appHcable to U. 4-8 of the same page.
124 l>isKARD, BOOK VIII.
14. About the care of a pointed thing, that is,
how ti is to be carried to a dwelling in the world,
how ii is to be deposited, a?id the sin owing to
keeping and depositing t^ otherwise. 15. And
about every garment^ and utensil, even including
such as a scum-pot, an hour-glass, and a dining-tray;
that is, how iAey are to be deposited in the dwelling,
a;^the sin owing to variously* placing and taking
care of them. 16. About a door which is properly
made ; how it is when it falls down, and a wound
arises from it, the carpenter being innocent regarding
it ; and how it is when he is guilty.
1 7. About washing the head, the care of the water
and the religious ritual therein, and whatever is on
the same subject. 18. About the period yiv arrang-
ing the hair, in which they shave the hair. 19.
About the shaving of a child the first time, and the
ritual which is taught for it; the performance of
shaving by an instructed barber and with a sharp
razor, which is the appointed practice as regards the
razor of adults, and that also for children with the
children's razor, because // is settled healthfulness ;
his whetstone (^6n), and also the care of the razor.
20. About the number of the positions of a man, in
which a barber can perform shaving, and that of the
positions of the barber; and whatever is on the
same subject.
2 1 . About each one of those who are custodians
(ktrAk-kardnb), and the rules of the market; also
their abstaining from wounding each other with a
pike (t6kh), or other implement, with which they
* Or ^dmak may mean * a cup/ ■ Reading min giinaglhl
Chapter Xxxviii, 1 4-29. 125
shall perform their duty ; likewise the sin owing to
heedlessness. 22. About giving forth a pointed
thing lawfully, and a wound owing to not giving it
forth lawfully; lawfully taking and giving away a
plate of broken victuals (pad^hftr), and a wound
owing to doing it unlawfully; and whatever is on the
same subject 23. About the appointed place (di^-
gih) of a horse-course afid its distance from the
middle of a town, the nature of the horse-course,
the training (farhing) and masters of manoeuvres
(pa^4n-t farhdngdno) when in it, the shooting of
arrows on the horse-course, and the wound which
occurs to man or animal, how it is when culpable,
and how it is when not culpable. 24. About admit-
ting a listener ; where, why, and how ke is to be
admitted ; and the guilt or innocence as regards a
wound owing to him.
25. About the mode of making a sacred thread-
girdle \ and the harm from an unusual formation of
it 26. About lawfully tying //, without the culpa-
bility (va-sraglh) <?/" unauthorised action; also vfYi^n
they do not tie it lawfully, but the girdling is knotted
(viragt-alt5) and twisted owing to culpability
(va^agdnlh) ; and whatever is on the same subject
27. About lawfully scratching with the nails, and
the harm from, unlawfully scratching. 28. About
lawfully attending.to a fire on the road ; and, when
one arrives at a ford through water, the sin which
arises, as to fire, from not lawfully caring about the
fire.
29. About warriors who mingle together in panic (mazanglh) and darkness ; injury happens to one
» See Dd. XXXIX, i n.
126 dInka^d, book vm.
from the other, and the statement of the account
published is that there was a state of terror ; also
whatever is on the same subject 30. About the
march of an army which is in fear, and that which is
in a state of fearlessness which is the distinction of
the army of Ir&n from those of foreigners. 31-
About lawfully and habitually requiring a share,
and the harm from unlawfully and unhabitually
requiring it.
32. About carrying firewood, brought away from
the hills, into the house ; depositing it at first by the
tongs (dast-pAnak6) ; watching, turning, and in-
specting eV, and carrying it away to the fire ; that is,
how to do it lawfully, the sin owing to unlawfully
performing it, and whatever is on the same subject.
33, About lawfully warming bull's urine ^ by the fire,
and the sin when it is not lawfully done.
34. About selecting a pasture, one ranked above
the others ; that is, how to do it lawfully, the sin
when one shall do it otherwise, and, owing to that,
he is really injured, or occasions injury. 35. About
what is the mode of construction of a lawfully-
formed farm-house (dajt-karfak6), the dwelling of
the people, and the place of the beasts of burden and
cattle ; also the sin when one shall construct it other-
wise, and, owing to that, he is really injured, or
occasions injury.
36. A decision about a case when one person has
lawfully to force away a beast of burden from a con-
trol unlawfully exercised, and another person intrudes
unauthorisedly, and vexes the district authorities
(pa^-dihAnin). 37. Also when being done un-
